In the modern world of information technology, computers are increasingly replacing our daily life. All real, field experiments and experiments replace computer modeling, as this often saves time. Numerous calculations, including reinforced concrete structures, are most conveniently performed using deformation diagrams of concrete and reinforcement. It is this method makes it possible to achieve similar results with field tests, the difficulty lies only in the fact that it is necessary to reduce many parameters of the equations. The aim of the work is to propose a simplified model of the deformation diagram of a bent slag concrete element, the use of which will help to exclude complex equilibrium experiments. The tables of the article show the values of the parametric points of the deformation diagram, the analysis of which shows the discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical values, therefore, the procedure for making adjustments to the formulas taking into account the dynamic movement of the main crack is given below. As a result of research and mathematical modeling of the bending element diagram, a model is proposed that is able to predict the nature of the specimen’s operation at any stage of loading, based on the highest load and the initial modulus of elasticity, which can be determined from the integral structural characteristic of concrete – compressive strength.

N.N. CHERNOUSOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), General Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
B.A. BONDAREV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.A. STUROVA², Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.B. BONDAREV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), General Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.A. LIVENTSEVA², Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ OOO “NTO” EXPERT (9, Off. 314, Kommunalnaya sq., 398059, Lipetsk, Russian Federation)
² Lipetsk State Technical University (30 Moskovskaya Street, 398055 Lipetsk, Russian Federation)

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14. Karpenko N.I., Sokolov B.S., Radaikin O.V. To assess the strength, stiffness, moment of crack formation and their opening in the zone of clean bending of reinforced concrete beams using a nonlinear deformation model. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 3, pp. 5–12. (In Russian).
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During the reconstruction, modernization and technical re-equipment, a number of large-panel housing construction enterprises (hereinafter referred to as KPD) switched to the production of KPD products of new series of residential buildings on pallet circulation lines. The pallet circulation line is a conveyor technological line with a closed working cycle, which is divided into separate posts, the number of which is determined by the production program for the production of products. To ensure the production program for the production of products and safe working conditions that meet modern requirements for mechanization and automation of production processes, the pallet circulation line is equipped with basic, auxiliary technological equipment and tooling. After the launch of the pallet circulation line during their operation, in some cases, there are separate problems associated with reaching the design capacity and ensuring continuous-line organization of the production of products. Foreign suppliers of equipment when designing and supplying pallet circulation lines to ensure a given design production capacity do not take into account numerous factors in the conditions of operating efficiency of KPD plants. Among the significant factors should be highlighted: various requirements of domestic and foreign standards of technological design, features of the organizational structure of the production of existing efficiency plants, the orientation of new lines to strictly specified parameters of concrete mix components, a wide range of manufactured KPD products for modern series of residential buildings, etc. In addition, the introduction of modern high-tech lines at precast concrete enterprises, without the development of current technological design standards and norms regulating the labor intensity of the production of reinforced concrete products on such lines, leads to incorrect determination of the actual production capacity and to inconsistency of the working rhythms of elemental processes in the organization of the lines.

V.Yu. GURINOVICH¹, Engineer, Senior Lecturer;
D.A. POZDNIAKOV², Engineer;
S.N. LEONOVICH^{1, 3}, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Foreign Member of RAACS

¹ Belarusian National Technical University (65, Nezavisimosti Prospect, Minsk, 220013, Republic of Belarus)
² Republican Unitary Enterprise “Institute of Housing” – NIPTIS named after S.S. Atatev (15, F. Skaryna Street, Minsk, 220076, Republic of Belarus)
³ Qingdao University of Technology (266033, China, 11 Fushun Rd, Qingdao)

1. Gurinovich V.Yu., Leonovich S.N. Substantiation of decisions on complex reconstruction of production. Vestnik BNTU: Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 5, pp. 47–49. (In Russian).
2. Gurinovich V.Yu., Pozdnyakov D.A. Optimization of process modes of pallet circulation line operation for production of precast concrete products. 16th International Scientific and Technical Conference (71st Scientific and Technical Conference of the Faculty, Researchers, Doctoral Students and Postgraduates of BNTU). Minsk. 2018. 433 p. (In Russian).
3. Gurinovich V.Yu., Pozdnyakov D.A. Organization of production of precast concrete products on long stands. 16th International Scientific and Technical Conference (71st Scientific and Technical Conference of the Faculty, Researchers, Doctoral Students and Postgraduates of BNTU). Minsk. 2018, p. 434. (In Russian).
4. Pilipenko V. M., Potershchuk V. A., Petsol’d T. M. Prospects for the development of industrial house building in the Republic of Belarus. Modern problems of the implementation of European standards in the field of construction: a collection of international scientific and technical articles. Minsk. 2015, pp. 8–14. (In Russian).
5. Tertyshnik M.I. Define and evaluate plant capacity. Izvestiya Irkutskoi ekonomicheskoi akademii. 2011. No. 6, pp. 1–7. (In Russian).
6. Jieh-Haur Chen, Li-Ren Yang, Hsing-Wei Tai, Process reengineering and improvement for building precast production. Automation in Construction. 2016. Vol. 68, pp. 249–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.05.015.
7. Vacharapoom Benjaoran, Nashwan Dawood. Intelligence approach to production planning system for bespoke precast concrete products. Automation in Construction. 2006. Vol. 15, Iss. 6, pp. 737–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2005.09.007
8. Yiran Dan, Guiwen Liu, Yan Fu, Optimized flowshop scheduling for precast production considering process connection and blocking. Automation in Construction. 2021. Vol. 125. 103575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103575
9. Leonovich S.N. Gurinovich V.Yu. Process design of reconstruction of precast concrete products plants: problems and solutions. Problems of Modern Construction: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Technical Conference. Minsk. 2019, pp. 379–395. (In Russian).
10. Standards for the duration of the development of design capacities of enterprises put into operation. Moscow: Economics. 1975. 43 p. (In Russian).
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13. Instructions for determining the production capacity of precast concrete enterprises. Ministry of Industry of Building Materials of the USSR, All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Factory Technology of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Structures and Products VNIIZHELEZOBETON. Moscow. 1978. 71 p.
14. Stefanov B.V., Antonenko G.Ya. Organizatsiya tekhnologicheskikh protsessov na zavodakh sbornogo zhelezobetona [Organization of technological processes at prefabricated reinforced concrete plants]. Budivel’nik. 1965. 82 p.
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The relevance of new scientific research aimed at modeling the physico-chemical processes occurring in cement concretes during their operation, which have a direct impact on their durability, is substantiated. The main types of concrete corrosion are described. The problem of mass transfer processes occurring in a flat reinforced concrete wall with liquid corrosion of concrete limited by internal diffusion and external mass transfer is mathematically formulated. The mathematical problem of mass transfer in dimensionless form and in the field of Laplace images is presented. The obtained solutions of the problem describing the dimensionless concentrations of the transferred component over the thickness of concrete, allowing to calculate the dynamics of the process, are presented.

S.V. FEDOSOV^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of the RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.E. RUMYANTSEVA^2,3, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Corresponding Member of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. KRASILNIKOV^2,3, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.A. KRASILNIKOVA⁴, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ Ivanovo State Polytechnic University (21, Sheremetevskiy Avenue, 153000, Ivanovo, Russian Federation)
⁴ Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolai Stoletovs (87, Gorky Street, Vladimir, 600000, Russian Federation)

1. Rozental’ N.K. Korrozionnaja stojkost’ cementnyh betonov nizkoj i osobo nizkoj pronicaemosti [Corrosion resistance of cement concretes of low and very low permeability]. Moscow: FGUP CPP. 2006. 520 p.
2. Nikolaev S.V., Nikolaev S.V., Travush V.I., Tabun-shhikov Ju.A., Kolubkov A.N., Solomanidin G.G., Magaj A.A., Dubynin N.V. Regulatory framework of high-rise construction in Russia. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 1-2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
3. Mchedlov-Petrosjan O.P. Himija neorganicheskih stroitel’nyh materialov [Chemistry of inorganic building materials]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1988. 303 p.
4. Fedosov S.V., Rumjanceva V.E., Krasil’nikov I.V., Kas’janenko N.S. Non-stationary mass transfer in the processes of corrosion of the second type of cement concrete. Small Fourier numbers, with internal mass source. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedeniy. Serija: Himiya i himicheskaya tehnologiya. 2015. Vol. 58. No. 1, pp. 97–99. (In Russian).
5. Fedosov S.V., Rumjanceva V.E., Krasil’nikov I.V., Kas’janenko N.S. Theoretical and experimental studies of processes of corrosion of the first kind of cement concretes in the presence of inner source of mass. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
6. Fedosov S.V., Rumyanceva V.E., Krasil’nikov I.V., Kasyanenko N.S. Modeling of mass transfer in the processes of corrosion of the first type of cement concrete in the “liquid–reservoir” system in the presence of an internal source of mass in the solid phase. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2013. No. 2 (37), pp. 65–70. (In Russian).
7. Fedosov S.V., Rumyanceva V.E., Krasil’nikov I.V. Metody matematicheskoj fiziki v prilozhenijah k problemam korrozii betona v zhidkih agressivnyh sredah [Methods of mathematical physics in applications to the problems of concrete corrosion in liquid aggressive media]. Moscow: ASV. 2021. 246 p.
8. Lykov A.V. Yavleniya perenosa v kapillyarno-poristyh telah [Transport phenomena in capillary-porous bodies]. Moscow: Gostehizdat. 1954. 296 p. (In Russian).
9. Fedosov S.V., Roumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Konovalova V.S., Evsyakov A.S. Monitoring of the penetration of chloride ions to the reinforcement surface through a concrete coating during liquid corrosion. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. 463(4):042048. DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/463/4/042048
10. Fedosov S.V., Roumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Konovalova V.S. Physical and mathematical modelling of the mass transfer process in heterogeneous systems under corrosion destruction of reinforced concrete structures. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. 012039. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/456/1/012039
11. Fedosov S.V. Teplomassoperenos v tehnologicheskih processah stroitel’noy industrii [Heat and mass transfer in technological processes in the construction industry]. Ivanovo: IPK PresSto. 2010. 364 p.
12. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Loginova S.A. Study of effect of mass transfer processes on reliability and durability of reinforced concrete structures operating in liquid aggressive media. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 12, pp. 52–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-755-12-52-57. (In Russian).
13. Fedosov S.V., Rumjanceva V.E., Krasil’nikov I.V., Fedosova N.L. Study of diffusion processes of mass transfer during liquid corrosion of the first type of cement concrete. Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Serija: Himija i himicheskaja tehnologija. 2015. Vol. 58. No. 1, pp. 99–104. (In Russian).

The possibilities of composite cements of low water demand for solving environmental problems, resource conservation and energy consumption in the construction industry are revealed. It is shown that they can be made with a low content of clinker – the main source of carbon dioxide, which leads to a greenhouse effect on the planet. Binders meet the criteria of the best available production technologies with minimal negative impact on the environment. At the same time, in terms of technological and operational-technical indicators, cements of low water demand are significantly superior to ordinary general-construction Portland cements of both Russian and European manufacturers. Depending on the type and hardness of mineral components, chemical additives and grinding procedure, the types of composite cements of low water demand based on carbonate rocks, fly ash and ash slag waste, blast furnace and electrothermophosphoric slags have been expanded. A number of building materials are presented in which they manifest themselves most effectively, such as low-clinker, sand and high-strength concrete, injection and self-leveling dry mixes for repair work. In general, it is shown that in the near future this type of binders should become the main product of the cement industry in Russia and abroad.

O.V. KHOKHRYAKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1, Zelenaya Street, Kazan, 420043, Russian Federation)

1. Tkachenko A.A. Is the transition to a new climate economy possible? Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo. 2021. Vol. 14. No. 4, pp. 15–29. (In Russian). Doi: 10.26794/1999-849x-2021-14-4-15-29.
2. Kovalev Yu.Yu. Five years of the Paris Agreement: past, present and future of the global climate treaty. Istoriya i sovremennoye mirovozzreniye. 2021. Vol. 3. No. 1, pp. 20–29. (In Russian). Doi: 10.33693/2658-4654-2021-3-1-20-29.
3. Medvedeva O.E., Solovieva S.V., Stetsenko A.V. World climate agenda: economic challenges for Russia from the introduction of the EU carbon tax. Ekonomika i upravleniye narodnym khozyaystvom. 2021. No. 2 (233), pp. 39–52. (In Russian). Doi: 10.24411/2072-4098-2021-10202
4. Aleksandrova V.D. The modern concept of the circular economy. International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. 2019. Vol. 5–1, pp. 87–93. (In Russian).
5. Gureva M.A. The theoretical basis of the concept of cir circular economy. Journal of international economic affairs. 2019. No. 3, pp. 2311–2336. Doi: 10.18334/eo.9.3.40990.
6. Schneider M. The cement industry on the way to a low carbon future innovation and technical trends in cement production. Proc. 8th Jntern VDZ Congr. 2018 (Duesseldort, 26–28 September 2018). Düsseldorf. 2018, pp. 55–72.
7. Cline J. Global changes in cement production on a global scale. ALITinform. 2017. No. 1, pp. 12–20. (In Russian).
8. Chatterjee A.K. Transition to construction based on cement with a low carbon footprint: requirements and obstacles. Tsement i ego primeneniye. 2018. No. 2, pp. 54–59. (In Russian).
9. Schneider M., Betzner Z. Economic and technical advantages of composite cements. Tsement i ego primeneniye. 2016. No. 3, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
10. Ageeva M.S., Shapovalov S.M., Botsman A.N., Ishchenko A.V. To the question of the use of industrial waste in the production of binders. Vestnik of Belgorod State Technical University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2016. No. 9, pp. 58–62. (In Russian).
11. Yudovich B.E., Dmitriev A.M., Zubekhin S.A., Bashlykov N.F., Falikman V.R., Serdyuk V.N., Babaev Sh.T. Cements of low water demand – binders of a new generation. Tsement i ego primeneniye. 1997. No. 4 (July-August). pp. 15–18. (In Russian).
12. Khokhryakov O.V., Khozin V.G., Kharchenko I.Ya., Gazdanov D.V. Cements of low water demand – a way of efficient use of clinker and mineral fillers in concretes. Vestnik of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. 2017. Vol. 12. Iss. 10 (109), pp. 1145–1152. (In Russian).
13. Khozin V.G., Khokhryakov O.V., Sibgatullin I.R., Kharchenko I.Ya., Gizzatullin A.R. Carbonate cements of low water demand - a green alternative to the cement industry in Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 76–82. (In Russian).
14. Timashev V.V. Izbrannyye trudy. Sintez i gidratatsiya vyazhushchikh materialov [Selected works. Synthesis and hydration of binders]. Moscow: Nauka. 1986. 424 p.
15. Shcherbakov E. Ash and slag revolution. Sibirskiy energetik. 2015. No. 33 (444). URL: http://www.vsp.ru/2015/09/04/zoloshlakovaya-revolyutsiya-2/ (date of access: 10/12/2021). (In Russian).
16. Markov A.Yu., Strokova V.V., Markova I.Yu. Evaluation of properties of fuel ashes as components of composite materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 4, pp. 77–83. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-769-4-77-83 (In Russian).
17. Volynkina E.P. Analysis of the state and problems of industrial waste processing in Russia. Vestnik of the Siberian State Industrial University. 2017. No. 2 (20), pp. 43–49. (In Russian).
18. Lieven Machiels, Peter Tom Jones. Green slag valorisation is now an industrial success story. Sixth International Slag Valorisation Symposium (Mechelen, Belgium). 2019. URL: https://new-mine.eu/green-slag-valorisation-industrial-success-story (date of access: 10.12.2021)
19. Khozin V.G., Khokhryakov O.V., Kozlov R.V. The environmental rating of “carbonate” cements is low water demand and concrete based on them. Izvestiya of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Construction. 2021. No. 2 (56), pp. 60–66. (In Russian). Doi: 10.52409/20731523_2021_2_60
20. Lvovich K.I. Sandy concrete - a building material in Russia. HBI i konstruktsii. 2017. No. 3, pp. 58–61. (In Russian).
21. Mirsayapov I.T., Akhmetzyanov D.R. The use of a column spacing of 18 m in reinforced concrete frames and an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of high-strength concrete in the frames of one-story industrial buildings with a different grid of columns. Izvestiya of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Construction. 2019. No. 3 (49), pp. 112–120. (In Russian).
22. Harcenko I.Ya., Panchenko A.I., Alekseev V.A., Harcenko A.I. Elimination of water manifestations when constructing and operating tunnel and near the tunnel structures. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 9, pp. 24–29. (In Russian).
23. Kalach F.N. Evaluation of the efficiency of using the technology of injection strengthening of weak soils at the base of shallow foundations with self-expanding mortars. Construction and Geotechnics. 2020. Vol. 11. No. 2, pp. 62–77. (In Russian).
24. Fedulov A.A. Floors for residential and public buildings. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 7, pp. 60–62. (In Russian).
25. Gusev N.I., Skachkov Yu.P., Kochetkova M.V. Self-leveling floors in premises for various purposes. Sukhiye stroitel’nyye smesi. 2015. No. 2, pp. 13–16. (In Russian).

The review systematizes the data of foreign and domestic scientists on polymorphism and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals (calcite, aragonite, waterite) formed using nature-like technologies for the production and restoration of construction materials via microbia biominerallization. The paper considers the influence of genus specificity of used bacteria, type and concentration parameters of precursors, as well as the method of introduction of biological agents and precursors into a concrete matrix. The frequency of formation of polymorphic modifications and morphological structures of calcium carbonate crystals and their clusters is ranked depending on formulation and technological factors of carbonate biomineralization. The paper lays the foundation for the atlas of morphostructures of carbonate biomineralization products in construction materials science biotechnologies. The obtained results may be considered as the first steps to identify the control factors of cement systems structurization and to create controlled technologies for using microbial biomineralization to obtain construction materials with specified properties.

V.V. STROKOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
U.N. DUKhANINA¹, Engineer,
D.A. BALITSKY¹, Engineer,
O.I. DROZDOV¹, Graduate student,
V.V. NELUBOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering);
O.V. FRANK-KAMENETSKAYA², Doctor of Sciences (Geology and Mineralogy),
D.Yu. VLASOV², Doctor of Sciences (Biology)

¹ Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46 Kostyukova Street, 308012, Belgorod, Russian Federation)
² St. Petersburg State University (7/9, Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

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The article presents the results of studies on determining the compressive strength of a composite binder for floor dry building mixes, which makes it possible to judge the physical and mechanical properties of the binder, when cement is hydrated without additives and with the addition of superplasticizer and nanodispersed silicon dioxide – nanosilica. The hardening kinetics of composite binders was determined using thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on a Mettler Toledo Excellence instrument with a modular design. With the introduction of superplasticizer, a steric hindrance appears, allowing the particles of the composite binder to be effectively dispersed in the mixture. With the introduction of nanosilica into the composition of the composite binder, the physical, mechanical and operational properties of the floor covering are improved due to the directed formation of the composite structure. It is proved that when replacing cement with fly ash by 30%, the preservation of the strength characteristics of the cement stone was determined. An increase in the uniformity and density of the structure, the formation of the optimal composition of the new formations of the hardening composite, in the analysis of the phase composition, were noted. It has been established that the joint introduction of Portland cement, fly ash, superplasticizer and nanosilica into a dry mortar for floor coverings leads to an increase in physical and mechanical properties.

E.V. BADMAEVA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
S.A. LKHASARANOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
L.A. URKHANOVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

East Siberia State University of Technology and Management (40B, Klyuchevskaya Street, Ulan-Ude, 670013, Russian Federation)

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11. Urkhanova L.A., Lkhasaranov S.A., Bardakhanov S.P. Modifitsirovannyi beton s primeneniem nanokremnezema [Modified concrete using nanosilica: monograph]. Ulan-Ude: VSGUTU Publishing house. 2019. 104 p.
12. Chernyshov E.M. Applications of nanochemistry in the technology of solid-phase building materials: a scientific and engineering problem, directions and examples of implementation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 2, pp. 32–36. (In Russian).
13. Yakovlev G.I., Drohitka R., Pervushin G.N., Grakhov V.P., Saidova Z.S., Gordina A.F., Shaybadullina A.V., Pudov I.A., Elrefai A.E.M.M. Fine-grained concrete modified with a suspension of chrysotile nanofibers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 4–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-767-1-2-4-10
14. Yakovlev G.I., Plekhanova T.A., Polyanskikh I.S., Gordina A.F. Fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva i dolgovechnost’ stroitel’nykh materialov [Physical and chemical properties and durability of building materials]. Izhevsk: IzhGTU Publishing house. 2015. 81 p.
15. Flores Y.C., Cordeiro G.C., Toledo Filho R.D. and Tavares L.M. Performance of Portland cement pastes containing nano-silica and different types of silica. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. No. 146, pp. 524–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.069
16. Rai S., Tiwari S. Nano silica in cement hydration. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018. Vol. 5. Iss. 3, pp. 9196–9202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.10.044
17. Zhang B., Tan H., Shen W., Xu G., Ma B. and Ji X. Nano-silica and silica fume modified cement mortar used as Surface Protection Material to enhance the impermeability. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2018. No. 92, pp. 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.10.044

The article presents the results of a study on the properties and structure of gypsum ceramics based on fluoroanhydrite binder obtained by semi-dry pressing. To improve the properties of the fired compositions, a solution of sodium chloride was used instead of mixing water, which acted as a flux during firing. Based on the results of the differential thermal analysis and the main physical and technical characteristics of the compositions (compressive strength, shrinkage, softening coefficient), the optimal firing temperature was established, which was equal to 800^оC. The optimal concentration of the NaCl salt in the solution was also determined. It has been found out that under conditions of high humidity the strength gain of the obtained gypsum-ceramic material continues even after reaching its project value due to the hydration of anhydrite.

U.A. NEGANOVA, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.F. GORDINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Yu.N. GINCHITSKAYA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Z.S. SAIDOVA, Postgraduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.M. ALEKSANDROV, Postgraduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.I. YAKOVLEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (426069 Izhevsk, Studencheskaya Street, 7)

1. Shishakina O.A., Palamarchuk A.A. Review of directions of utilization of technogenic wastes in the production of building materials. Mezhdunarodnyi zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental’nyi issledovanii. 2019. No. 4, pp. 198–199. (In Russian).
2. Ponomarenko A.A., Kapustin F.L. Technology of processing fluoroanhydrite for use in the production of Portland cement. Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2011. No. 6, pp. 323–325. (In Russian).
3. Kudyakov A.I., Anikanova L.A., Redlikh V.V., Sarkisov Yu.S. Influence of sulfate and sodium sulfite on the processes of structure formation of fluoroanhydrite compositions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 50–53. (In Russian).
4. Bondarenko S.A., Trofimov B.Ya., Chernykh T.N., Kramar L.Ya. The use of fluoroanhydrite in the production of tongue-and-groove partitions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 3, pp. 68–69. (In Russian).
5. Anikanova L.A., Volkova O.V., Kurmangalieva A.I., Volkov K.S. Study of fluoroanhydrite raw materials for the production of composite binders. Vestnik TGASU. 2015. No. 4, pp. 160–164. (In Russian).
6. Yakovlev G., Pervushin G., Grahov V., Kalabina D., Gordina A., Ginchitskaya J., Drochytka R. Structural and thermal insulation materials based on high-strength anhydrite binder. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 4th World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium. Prague. 2019. Vol. 603, 032071. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/603/3/032071
7. Anikanova L.A. Efficiency of fluoroanhydrite in the production of wall and finishing materials. Vestnik TGASU. 2015. No. 1, pp. 48–53. (In Russian).
8. Golik V.I., Razorenov Yu.I., Komashchenko V.I. Dry building mixtures based on mining waste. Sukhie stroitel’nye smesi. 2017. No. 5, pp. 19–25. (In Russian).
9. Plekhanova T.A., Krutikov V.A., Bondar’ A.Y. Production technology for gypsum-ceramic material. Glass and Ceramics. 2003. No. 60, pp. 411–413. DOI: 10.1023/B:GLAC.0000020802.15527.BB
10. Lei L., Yan H., Hong W.B., Wu S.Ya., Chen X.M. Dense gypsum ceramics prepared by room-temperature cold sintering with greatly improved mechanical properties. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2020. No. 40, pp. 89–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.06.003
11. Makarov D.V., Melkonyan R.G., Suvorova O.V., Kumarova V.A. Prospects for the use of industrial waste to obtain ceramic building materials. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii byulleten’. 2016. No. 5, pp. 254–281. (In Russian).
12. Brencich A., Ltka D., Matysek P., Orban Z., Sterpi E. Compressive strength of solid clay brickwork of masonry bridges: Estimate through Schmidt Hammer tests. Construction and Building Materials. 2021. Vol. 306. 124494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.conbuildmat.2021.124494
13. Yakovlev G.I., Kodolov V.I. Liquid-phase sintering of fluoroanhydrite in the synthesis of gypsum-ceramic materials. Izvestiya VUZov. Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 1999. Vol. 42. Iss. 1, pp. 97–100. (In Russian).
14. Yakovlev G.I., Lasis A.Yu. Gypsum-ceramic material based on fluoroanhydrite. Second Academic Readings of RAASN: Modern problems of building materials science. Part 2. Kazan, 1996, pp. 20–21. (In Russian).

The article presents the results of studies on the production of binders using aluminosilicate rocks – perlites of the Mukhor-Tala deposit of the Republic of Buryatia and an ultrafine additive obtained by hydrolysis of Portland cement. Composite binder obtained by joint grinding of Portland cement, vitreous and crystallized perlite. To modify the composite binder, an ultrafine additive obtained by the hydrolysis of Portland cement was used. The particle size of the ultrafine additive was determined by laser diffraction. The strength indicators of composite binders with different contents of vitreous and crystallized perlite have been determined. Physical and mechanical parameters of the developed compositions of composite binders with the replacement of the clinker component up to 30 wt. %, are not inferior to those of ordinary Portland cement. The combined use of crystallized and vitreous perlite promotes the appearance of additional centers of crystallization of calcium hydrosilicates and the binding of portlandite by amorphous silica. An IR spectral analysis of composite binders modified with an ultrafine additive was carried out. Changes in the phase composition of the formed calcium hydrosilicates have been established. The combined use of perlites and ultrafine additives in the composition of composite binders contributes to an increase in the degree of hydration, the formation of a larger amount of CSH(B).

D.V. DANZANOV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
L.A. URKHANOVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
S.A. LKHASARANOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Zh.G. DAMBAEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

East Siberia State University of Technology and Management (40B, Klyuchevskaya Street, Ulan-Ude, 670013, Russian Federation)

1. Garkavi M.S., Dergunov S.A., Serikov S.V. Formation of the structure of composite cement in the grinding process. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 10, pp. 65–68. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-796-10-65-68
2. Lesovik V.S., Fediuk R.S. New generation composites for special facilitie. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 3, pp. 9–17. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-789-3-9-17
3. Murtazaev S.A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh., Bisultanov R.G., Murtazaeva T.S.A. High-quality modified concrete using a binder based on a reactive mineral component. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 8. pp. 74–79. (In Russian).
4. Safarov K.B., Stepanova V.F. Regulation of the reactivity of aggregates and increasing the sulfate resistance of concrete through the combined use of low-calcium fly ash and highly active metakaolin. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 5, pp. 70–73. (In Russian).
5. Grigoriev V.G., Kozlova V.K., Andryushina E.E., Shkrobko E.V., Likhosherstov A.A. Composite Portland cements for hydraulic engineering construction. Polzunovskiy Vestnik. 2012. No. 1, pp. 62–64. (In Russian).
6. Fomina E.V., Kudeyarova N.P., Tyukavkina V.V. Hydration activation of a composite binder based on technogenic raw materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 12, pp. 61–64. (In Russian).
7. Popov A.L., Strokova V.V. Fiber foam concrete of autoclave hardening with the use of composite binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 5, pp. 38–44. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-770-5-38-44
8. Lesovik V.S., Zhernovoi F.E., Glagolev E.S. The use of natural perlite in the composition of mixed cements. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 6, pp. 84–87. (In Russian).
9. Lesovik B.C., Zhernovoi F.E. Methodology for designing the composition of artificial conglomerates. Beton i Zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2008. No. 5, pp. 4–7. (In Russian).
10. Lebedev M.S., Zhernovsky I.V., Fomina E.V., Fomin A.E. Features of the use of clay rocks in the production of building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 9. pp. 67–72. (In Russian).
11. Artamonova O.V., Sergutkina O.R., Ostankova I.V., Shvedova M.A. Synthesis of a nanodispersed modifier based on SiO₂ for cement composites. Kondensirovan-nye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy. 2014. Vol. 16. No. 2, pp. 152–162. (In Russian).
12. Shmit’ko E.I., Krylova A.V., Shatalova V.V. Khimiya tsementa i vyazhushchikh veshchestv [Chemistry of cement and binders]. Voronezh: VGASU. 2005. 164 p.
13. Chernyshov E.M., Artamonova O.V., Slavcheva G.S. Applied Nanotechnological problems of increasing the efficiency of cement concrete hardening processes. Nanotekhnologii v stroitel’stve. 2017. No. 1, pp. 25–41. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2017-9-1-25-41(In Russian).
14. Korolev E.V. Nanotechnology in building materials science. Analysis of the state and achievements. Ways of development. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 11, pp. 47–79. (In Russian).
15. Khozin V.G., Khokhryakov O.V., Nizamov R.K., Kashapov R.R., Baishev D.I. Experience of nanomodification of cements of low water demand. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 1, pp. 53–57. (In Russian).
16. Tyukavkina V.V., Kasikov A.G., Gurevich B.I. Structure formation of cement stone modified with additive of nano-disperse silicon dioxide. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 11, pp. 31–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-765-11-31-35 (In Russian).

In this research, the influence of ultrafine diabase powder on the processes of fluoroanhydrite binder structure formation was studied. Assessed were the physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified fluoroanhydrite composition. It has been established that introduction of diabase powder in an amount of 7% into the technogenic anhydrite binder contributes to an increase in compressive strength of the modified compositions by 28% compared to the reference composition, which did not contain a modifying additive. An increase in strength was observed in the early stages of hardening. This can be explained by the creation of a dense crystalline structure in the developed composition due to the formation of calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates and amorphous calcium silicate hydrates of the tobermorite type, which fill the pores between calcium sulfate crystals. Here, in order to create conditions for the formation of a dense structure of the fluoroanhydrite matrix, it is important to provide an alkaline environment during the activation of fluoroanhydrite by adding sodium phosphate. The formation of new hydration products in the technogenic anhydrite composition in the early stages of hardening is confirmed by the methods of physical and chemical analysis, including X-ray phase analysis, X-ray microanalysis and scanning microscopy. The described technology makes it possible to obtain a composition with improved physical and mechanical properties, while solving problems of fluoroanhydrite utilization and preventing depletion of natural anhydrite binder reserves.

A.F. DIMUKHAMETOVA¹, Master (Graduate student) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.I. YAKOVLEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.N. PERVUSHIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.F. BURYANOV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.F. GORDINA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Z.S. SAIDOVA¹, Master (Graduate student) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426000, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337 Russian Federation)

1. Kudyakov A.I., Anikanova L.A., Redlikh V.V. Materials for building envelopes from composite fluoroanhydrite binders. Sukhie stroitel’nye smesi. 2013. No. 3, pp. 12–14. (In Russian).
2. Yakovlev G.I., Kalabina D.A., Grakhov V.P., Buryanov A.F., Gordina A.F., Bazhenov K.A., Nikitina S.V. Fluoro-anhydrite compositions with a light filler based on expanded perlite sand. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 5, pp. 57–61. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-770-5-57-61
3. Yakovlev G.I., Polyanskikh I.S., Kislyakov M.A., Gyrdymov D.A. Structural and heat-insulating material based on fluoroanhydrite. In the collection: Fotin Readings-2021 (spring meeting). Materials of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Izhevsk, 2021, pp. 193–198. (In Russian).
4. Kalabina D.A., Yakovlev G.I., Vasilchenko Yu.M., Kuzmina N.V., Gordina A.F. Modification of fluoroanhydrite composition for flooring with carbon-containing additives. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 8, pp. 27–31. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-794-8-27-31
5. Gumeniuk A.N., Polyanskikh I.S., Khodyreva M.A., Shevchenko F.E., Pudov I.A., Pervushin G.N., Yakovlev G.I. Composite materials based on fluoranhydrite and industrial sulfur. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 8, pp. 4–10. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-794-8-4-10
6. Kurmangalieva A.I., Anikanova L.A., Volkova O.V., Kudyakov A.I., Sarkisov Yu.S., Abzaev Yu.A. Activation of hardening processes of fluorogypsum compositions by chemical additives of sodium salts. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Seriya Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya. 2020. Vol. 63. Iss. 8, pp. 73–80. (In Russian).
7. Kalabina D.A., Yakovlev G. I., Drochitka R., Grakhov  V.P., Pervushin G.N., Bazhenov K.A., Troshkova V.V. Rheological activation of fluoroanhydrite compositions with polycarboxylate esters. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 1–2, pp. 38–47. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-778-1-2-38-47
8. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Grakhov V.P., Kalabina D.A., Gordina A.F., Ginchitskaya Yu.N., Bazhenov K.A., Troshkova V.V., Drohitka R., Khozin V.G. Structural and heat-insulating material based on high-strength anhydrite binder. Intellektual’nye sistemy v proizvodstve. 2019. Vol. 17. No. 1, pp. 144–151. (In Russian).
9. Babailova E.S., Novikova V.A. Possibilities of using a composite material based on fluoroanhydrite with a technogenic modifier during reconstruction. Collection of reports of the XII international scientific-practical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists «Youth and scientific and technological progress». 2019, pp. 267–271. (In Russian).
10. Ruzina N.S., Lushnikova E.S., Gordina A.F., Polyanskikh I.S. Ecologically effective composite materials based on fluoroanhydrite with technogenic modifiers. Resursoenergoeffektivnye tekhnologii v stroitel’nom komplekse regiona. 2018. No. 10, pp. 144–149. (In Russian).
11. Anikanova L.A., Kudyakov A.I., Kovler K. Control of the processes of structure formation of binders, wall and finishing materials based on fluoroanhydrite raw materials. Collection of the National Scientific and Technical Conference with International Participation “Improving the quality and efficiency of building and special materials”. 2019, pp. 106–110. (In Russian).
12. Korkmaz A.V., Mechanical activation of diabase and its effect on the properties and microstructure of Portland cement. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022. Vol. 16. e00868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00868
13. Butakova M.D., Gorbunova S.P. Study of the influence of complex additives on properties of the gypsum-cement-puzzolan binder and concretes on its basis. Procedia Engineering. 2016. No. 150, pp. 1461–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.082
14. Li. H., Liu Y., Xu C., Guan X., Zou D., Jing G. Synergy effect of synthetic ettringite modified by citric acid on the properties of ultrafine sulfoaluminate cement-based materials. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2022. Vol. 125. 104312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104312
15. Kapustin F.L., Spiridonova A.M., Pomazkin E.P. The use of penetrating waterproofing to improve the corrosion resistance of cement stone. Tekhnologii betonov. 2015. No. 3–4. pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
16. Garkavi M.S., Nekrasova S.A., Troshkina E.A. Kinetics of contact formation in nanomodified gypsum materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 2, pp. 38–40. (In Russian).
17. Andreev V.V., Semikova S.G. Thermodynamic studies of the process of decomposition and sulfation of calcium bicarbonate. Leningrad: AN SSS. Journal of Applied Chemistry. 1985. 19 p. (In Russian).
18. Haev T.Eh., Tkach E.V., Oreshkin D.V. Lightweight strengthened gypsum stone for restoration of architectural monuments. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 5, pp. 68–72. (In Russian).
19. Petropavlovskii K.S., Buryanov A.F., Petropavlovskaya V.В., Novichenkova T.B. Lightened self-reinforced gypsum composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 10, pp. 40–45. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-775-10-40-45
20. Turchin V.V., Yudina L.V., Ibatullina A.R., Sattaro-va A.R. Increasing the sulfate resistance of cement-containing compositions due to the crystallization of nanophases. Intellektual’nye sistemy v proizvodstve. 2012. No. 2 (20), pp. 173–180. (In Russian).
21. Hoang Nguyen, Malena Staudacher, Paivo Kinnunen, Valter Carvelli, Mirja Illikainen. Multi-fiber reinforced ettringite-based composites from industrial side streams. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019. Vol. 211, pp. 1065–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.241
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23. Borisov D.K., Shevchenko F.E., Gordina A.F. Study of the effect of mineral additives on the structure and properties of building gypsum. Collection of materials of the XXVII Republican exhibition-session of student innovation projects “Innovation Exhibition-2019” (spring session). 2019, pp. 3–8. (In Russian).

The article presents the results of the research on obtaining a colloidal additive based on aluminosilicate rocks for the modification of cement stone. It has been established that on the basis of perlite rocks of the Mukhor-Talinsky deposit of the Republic of Buryatia, using sol-gel technologies, it is possible to obtain a colloidal modifier having particles ranging in size from 70 to 100 nm and with their total content of about 30%. As a result of experimental studies carried out using modern instruments and equipment, and after having analyzed the elemental composition, structure of vitreous perlite and the structural features of the particles surface of dispersed systems based on it, it was established that the synthesized colloidal modifier consists of the sol of silicic acid and the sol of aluminum hydroxide; it has an amorphous structure; the surface of the particles of the synthesized additive contains mainly silanol groups, adsorbed water. There have been established the dependences of the physical and mechanical properties of cement stone on the concentration of the additive and the pH of the colloidal solution. The possibility of using the synthesized colloidal additive for the cement stone modification has been stated.

L.A. URKHANOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.V. DORZHIEVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
E.V. GONCHIKOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
A.P. YAKOVLEV², Engineer

¹ East Siberia State University of Technology and Management (40B, Klyuchevskaya Street, Ulan-Ude, 670013, Russian Federation)
² Research, Design and Technological institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete – NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev JSC “Research Center “Stroitel’stvo” (6, build. 5, 2-nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)

1. Urkhanova L.A., Zubakin B.A., Struganov V.N. Mukhor-Talinskoye deposit of perlite raw materials: opportunities and prospects for its use in the construction industry. Stroitel’nyye materialy i izdeliya: Kiyev. 2005. No. 7, pp. 78–85. (In Russian).
2. Magdeev U.Kh., Bazhenov Yu.M., Tsyrempilov A.D. Energy-saving technologies of binders and concretes based on effusive rocks [Energosberegayushchiye tekhnologii vyazhushchikh i betonov na osnove effuzivnykh porod]. Moscow: RAACS Publishing House. 2002. 344 p.
3. Bazhenov Yu.M. Сoncrete technology [Tekhnologii betonov]. Moscow: ASV. 2002. 500 p.
4. Komokhov P.G. Sol-gel as a concept of cement composite nanotechnology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 9, pp. 89–90. (In Russian).
5. Svatovskaya L.B. et al. Nanoadditives from silicon- and iron-containing (III) sol for heavy concrete on ordinary cements. Nanotekhnalogii v stroitel’stve: scientific Internet journal. 2010. Vol. 2. No. 5, pp. 61–68. (In Russian).
6. Lukutsova N.P. Nano Modifying additives in concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 9, pp. 101–104. (In Russian).
7. Zhernovoi F.E. Composite binders using perlite. Diss…Candidate of Sciences (Engineering). Belgorod. 2010. 203 p.
8. On the integrated use of the main and associated rocks of the Mukhor-Talinsky perlite deposit of the Republic of Buryatia: Feasibility report of PTI Rosvostokstroy. Moscow. 1991. Vol. 1.2. (In Russian).
9. Gornostaeva E. Yu., Lasman I. A., Fedorenko E. A., Khamaza E. V. Wood-cement compositions with a modified structure at macro-, micro- and nanolevels. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 11, p. 13–16. (In Russian).
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The results of research of cement-based structural and heat-insulating foam concrete for individual housing construction are presented. It has been suggested to use microporous organomineral peat additive TMT600 as a modifying additive increasing homogeneity of structure and quality of foam concrete. It has been shown that the introduction of the peat additive TMT600 into the water solution of synthetic foaming agent stabilizes the resistance of positively influences the reduction of the delaminability of foam concrete mixture and increases manufacturability at individual construction. As a result of conducted researches it was established, that the use of additive TMT600 in foamed concrete allows to get a stable high strength В2,5 with average density D700 due to more dense and strong cement stone and microporous structure of partitions (practically without changing of average density); thermal conductivity – 0,1 W/(m·K); shrinkage – 1,7 mm/m and freeze-resistance F50.

A.I. KUDYAKOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.A. PRISCHEPA¹, Master, senior lecturer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.P. OSIPOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building (2, Solyanaya Square, Tomsk, 634003, Russia)
² National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (30, Lenina Avenue, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation)

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he fact of pollution of the environment and the air basin with carbon dioxide, cement dust, dioxins, sulfur and other harmful and hazardous substances in the production of traditional Portland cement is known. The development of clinker-free binders of alkaline activation of fine aluminosilicate powders (geopolymers) is quite relevant at the present time, since this will partially abandon the carbonate technology and reduce emissions into the atmosphere. Formulations of clinker-free binders of alkaline activation using wastes from the cement industry and natural raw materials of aluminosilicate nature and composites based on them will make it possible to find practical application of this technology in the construction field. The work investigated the free surface energy by the OVRK method, the results of studies of samples “reaction component+filler+Na₂SiO₃” water and air dry storage, 28 days and 1 year of hardening showed that the polar and dispersive components of surface tension indicate a less reactive and poorly wetted surface; surface free energy values guarantee high durability and strength of concrete. The obtained regularities confirm the efficiency of clinkerless technology, and the development of alkaline mixing binders will occupy a competitive position in the construction market.

M.Sh. SALAMANOVA^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.R. NAKHAEV^1,3, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Grozny State Oil technical university named after M.D. Millionshikov (100, Avenue Isaev, Grozny, 364021, Russian Federation)
² Kh. Ibragimov Complex Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (21, Staropromyslovskoe highway, Grozny, 364051, Russian Federation)
³ Kadyrov Chechen State University (32, А. Sheripova Street, Grozny, 364024, Russian Federation)

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