The relevance of new scientific research aimed at modeling the physico-chemical processes occurring in cement concretes during their operation is substantiated. The main types of concrete corrosion are described. The task of mass transfer processes occurring in a flat reinforced concrete wall at liquid corrosion of concrete of the first type is mathematically formulated. The mathematical problem of mass transfer in a dimensionless form and in the field of Laplace images is presented. The obtained solutions of the problem for large and small values of the Fourier mass transfer number are presented, describing the dimensionless concentrations of the transferred component over the thickness of concrete, making it possible to calculate the dynamics of the process.

S.V. FEDOSOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.E. RUMYANTSEVA², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Adviser of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.V. KRASILNIKOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.A. KRASILNIKOVA³, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Recearch Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Ivanovo State Polytechnical University (21, Sheremetevsky Avenue, Ivanovo, 153000, Russian Federation)
³ Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolai Stoletovs (87, Gorkogo Street, Vladimir, 600000, Russian Federation)

1. Nikolaev S.V., Travush V.I., Tabunshchikov Yu.A., Kolubkov A.N., Solomanidin G.G., Magai A.A., Dubynin N.V. Regulatory framework for high-rise construction in Russia. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 1–2, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
2. Stepanova V.F., Rozental’ N.K. Corrosion protection in the face of a shortage of science funding. Stroitel’naya gazeta. 2013. No. 19 (10238), pp. 1–3. (In Russian).
3. Moskvin V.M. Korroziya betona [Corrosion of concrete]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat. 1952. 344 p.
4. Mchedlov-Petrosyan O.P. Khimiya neorganicheskikh stroitel’nykh materialov [Chemistry of inorganic building materials]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1988. 303 p.
5. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Kas’yanenko N.S. Non-stationary mass transfer in the corrosion processes of the second type of cement concrete. Small values of Fourier numbers, with internal mass source. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Seriya: Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2015. Vol. 58. No. 1, pp. 97–99. (In Russian).
6. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Kasianenko N.S. Theoretical and experimental studies of processes of corrosion of the first kind of cement concretes in the presence of inner source of mass. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).
7. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Kasianenko N.S. Modeling of mass transfer in corrosion processes of the first type of cement concrete in the system “liquid-tank” in the presence of an internal source of mass in the solid phase. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2013. No. 2 (37), pp. 65–70. (In Russian).
8. Lykov A.V. Yavleniya perenosa v kapillyarno-poristykh telakh [Transfer phenomena in capillary-porous bodies]. Moscow: Gostekhizdat. 1954. 296 p.
9. Fedosov S.V. Teplomassoperenos v tekhnologicheskikh protsessakh stroitel’noi industrii [Heat and mass transfer in technological processes of the construction industry]. Ivanovo: IPK PresSto. 2010. 364 p.
10. Fedosov S.V., Roumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Konovalova V.S. Physical and mathematical modelling of the mass transfer process in heterogeneous systems under corrosion destruction of reinforced concrete structures. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. 012039. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/456/1/012039
11. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantseva V.E., Krasilnikov I.V., Loginova S.A. Study of effect of mass transfer processes on reliability and durability of reinforced concrete structures operating in liquid aggressive media. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 12, pp. 52–57. (In Russian).
12. Lykov A.V. Teoriya teploprovodnosti [Thermal conductivity theory]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1967. 600 p.
13. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantseva V.E., Krasil’nikov I.V., Fedosova N.L. Investigation of diffusion mass transfer processes during liquid corrosion of the first type of cement concrete. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Seriya: Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2015. Vol. 58. No. 1, pp. 99–104. (In Russian).

Structural tubular elements made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), one of the cheap thermoplastic materials characterized by high resistance to various chemically aggressive environments, are considered. The developed plastic cross-rod spatial structure made of PVC pipes is recommended for closed ground structures (hot houses, greenhouses, glass houses), warehouses of mineral fertilizers and farm products, covered parking lots for cars and agricultural machines, gas stations and car service stations, offshore stationary deep-water platforms, etc. Low and high temperatures significantly affect changes in the mechanical characteristics of structural plastics: tensile strength/compression, bending, loss of stability, which ultimately reduces the operational reliability and durability of the cross-rod spatial structure. Therefore, in the calculations of the stress-strain state, it is necessary to take into account the non-stationary heat transfer in the load-bearing space rod systems. The derivation of differential heat transfer equations based on the application of the law of conservation of energy to an infinitesimal element of the environment is considered, taking into account the heat flows through the surface of this element, as well as the release or absorption of thermal energy in the volume of this element. Taking into account the influence of the process temperature on PVC tubular elements in time inside the premises during the operation of the cross-rod spatial structure will make it possible to increase the reliability and durability for predicting their technical condition, for example, by forcibly changing the temperature regime with the help of special devices.

S.V. FEDOSOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of RAASN (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
S.A. MALBIEV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Leading researcher

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² “Engineer-Story” NPP LLC (office 103, 15a, Krasnykh Zor’ Street, Ivanovo, 153003, Russian Federation)

1. Malbiev S.A. Konstruktsii iz dereva i plastmass. Perekrestno-sterzhnevyye prostranstvennyye konstruktsii pokrytiy zdaniy [Wood and plastic constructions. Cross-bar spatial structures of buildings’ roofs]. Moscow: ASV. 2017. 336 p.
2. Malbiev S.A., Gorshkov V.K., Talking P.B. Polimery v stroitel’stve [Polymers in construction]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 2008. 456 p.
3. Zaikov G.E. Goreniye, destruktsiya i stabilizatsiya polimerov [Combustion, destruction and stabilization of polymers]. Saint Petersburg: Nauchnyye osnovy i tekhnologii. 2008. 422 p.
4. Polimernyye kompozitsionnyye materialy: struktura, svoystva, tekhnologiya [Polymer composite materials: structure, properties, technology / Ed. A.A. Berlin]. Saint Petersburg: “Professiya”. 2014. 592 p.
5. Kryzhanovsky V.K. Tekhnicheskiye svoystva polimernykh materialov [Technical properties of polymeric materials / Under total. ed. Kryzhanovsky V.C. 2nd ed.] Saint Petersburg: “Professiya”. 2005. 248 p.
6. Mikhailin Yu.A. Konstruktsionnyye polimernyye kompozitsionnyye materialy [Structural polymer composite materials. 2nd ed.] Saint Petersburg: Nauchnyye osnovy i tekhnologii. 2010. 822 p.
7. Kerber M.L., Gorbatkina Yu.A., Kuperman A.M. Polimernyye kompozitsionnyye materialy. Struktura. Svoystva. Tekhnologii. [Polymer composite materials. Structure. Properties. Technologies. 2nd ed.] Saint Petersburg: “Professiya”. 2008. 560 p.
8. Bazhenov S.L., Berlin A.A., Kulkov A.A., Oshmyan V.K. Polimernyye kompozitsionnyye materialy. Prochnost’ i tekhnologiya [Polymer composite materials. Strength and technology]. Moscow: Intellekt. 2010, 347 p.
9. Bobovich B.B. Polimernyye konstruktsionnyye materialy (struktura, svoystva, primeneniye) [Polymeric construction materials (structure, properties, application)]. Moscow: FORUM: Infra-M. 2017. 400 p.
10. Fedosov S.V., Malbiev S.A. Structural structures made of polymeric materials for coating buildings and structures with a chemically aggressive environment. Part 1. Strength and deformability in a stationary thermal field. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2018. No. 3, pp. 54–61. (In Russian).
11. Lykov A.V. Teoriya teploprovodnosti [Heat conduction theory]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1967. 600 p.
12. Fedosov S.V. Teplomassoperenos v tekhnologicheskikh protsessakh stroitel’noy industrii: monografiya [Heat and mass transfer in technological processes of the construction industry: monograph]. Ivanovo: IPK “PressSto”. 2010. 364 p.
13. Fedosov S.V., Malbiev S.A. Structural structures made of polymeric materials for coating buildings and structures with a chemically aggressive environment. Part 2. Non-stationary heat transfer. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2018. No. 6, pp. 25–29. (In Russian).
14. Fedosov S.V., Aloyan R.M., Ibragimov A.M., Gnedina L.Yu., Aksakovskaya L.N. Promerzaniye vlazhnykh gruntov, osnovaniy i fundamentov [Freezing of wet soils, bases and foundations]. Moscow: ASV. 2005. 277 p.

Tongue-and-groove slabs based on gypsum or modified gypsum binder, monolithic structure or with voids, porous or with the introduction of lightweight fillers, have established themselves as products that are indispensable for arranging premises inside a building. Researching of the properties of hydrophobized slabs allows you to expand the scope of products. The purpose of the research described in the article was to determine the possibility of using gypsum tongue-and-groove hydrophobized slabs in conditions of high humidity. Samples of slabs were tested for water resistance. The following characteristics were determined: water absorption, water adsorption by the outer surface of the slab, coefficient of strength reduction during moistening, contact angle of wetting, capillary absorption coefficient. A comprehensive research of hydrophobized tongue-and-groove gypsum slabs showed their increased water resistance in comparison with tongue-and-groove slabs of conventional composition. The humidity of the slabs upon admission to the laboratory was as follows: hydrophobized – 0.7%, ordinary – 4.5%. Water absorption after 2 hours for hydrophobized samples was 4.9%, for ordinary ones – 32.5%; after 24 hours, respectively: 14.2% and 33.3%. Hydrophobized boards have a significantly lower surface wettability (the contact angle is obtuse and is about 120°), while on ordinary slabs a drop of water does not hold, it is absorbed by the surface. The rate of capillary suction of water from hydrophobized plates is significantly lower than that of conventional plates. After a complex of field observations at the facilities, it is possible to draw up recommendations for the widespread use of hydrophobized tongue-and-groove plates in rooms with high humidity.

I.V. BESSONOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.D. ZHUKOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.A. GORBUNOVA^1,2, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Buryanov A.F. Gypsum, researching and application from P.P. Budnikov to the present time. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2005. No. 9, pp. 46–48. (In Russian).
2. Pustovgar A.P., Buryanov A.F., Vasilik P.G. Features of the use of hyperplasticizers in dry building mixtures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 12, pp. 61–64. (In Russian).
3. Bessonov I.V. “Capital” – weatherproof gypsum cladding of buildings. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 1999. No. 9, pp. 12–14.
4. Bessonov I.V. Gypsum with increased water resistance. Collection of reports of the 3rd scientific-practical conference “Problems of building thermal physics and energy saving in buildings”. Moscow. NIISF. 1998, pp. 112–117. (In Russian).
5. Panchenko A.I., Buryanov A.F., Kozlov N.V., Solov’ev V.G., Pashkevich S.A. Comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of gypsum binder with increased water resistance. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 12, pp. 72–74. (In Russian).
6. Khaev T.E., TkachE.V. Oreshkin D.V. Modified lightweight gypsum material with hollow glass microspheres for restoration works. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 10, pp. 45–51. (In Russian).
7. Meshheryakov Yu.G., Tairov T.N., Fedorov S.V. Verfahzen der komplexen production der Anhydzit und GipsbinderInt/Kongress Fachmess Euro ECO. Hannover. 2011.
8. Meshcheryakov Yu.G., Fedorov S.V. Energy-saving technologies for processing phosphogypsum and phosphohydrate. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2005. No. 12. pp. 56–57. (In Russian).
9. Bozhenov P.I., Meshheryakov Yu.G. Einflub der beimengungen and die technischen eigenschaften son gipsbinderu. 6 Int. Baustoff and Sieikattagung. Weimar. 1976. 43 p.
10. Sychugov S., Tokarev Y., Plekhanova T., Kazantse-va A., Gaynetdinova D. Binders based on natural anhydrite and modified by finely-dispersed galvanic and petrochemical waste // Procedia Engineering. 2013. Vol. 57, pp. 1022–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.129
11. Yakovlev G., Polyanskikh I., Fedorova G., Gordina A., Buryanov A. Anhydrite and gypsum compositions modified with ultrafine man-made admixtures. Procedia Engineering. 2015. Vol. 108, pp. 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.195
12. Yakovlev G., Khozin V., Polyanskikh I., Keriene J., Gordina A., Petrova T. Utilization of blast furnace flue dust while modifying gypsum binders with carbon nanostructures. The 9th International Conference “ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING”. 22–23 May 2014. Vilnius. Lithuania. http://enviro2014.vgtu.lt/Articles/1/025_Yakovlev.pdf
13. Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Krutikov V.A., Makaro-va I.S., Kerene YA, Fisher H., Buryanov A.F. Aerated concrete based on fluoroanhydrite modified with carbon nanostructures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 3, pp. 70–72. (In Russian).

A computational model of deformation, crack resistance, and strength of complexly stressed reinforced concrete rod structures under the combined action of bending and torsional torques, normal and transverse forces is proposed. Until now, in the design practice, the calculation of reinforced concrete structures under such a stressed state in domestic and foreign practice is carried out using very conditional physical and computational models. It is enough to note that in the United States, a number of European and other countries, the truss analogy model is still used in the calculation of such complex structures. The article presents a solution to the problem of creating a design model of a reinforced concrete element of box section under the combined action of bending and torque moments, normal and transverse forces in the stage after the formation of cracks, which most fully takes into account the specifics of crack formation, deformation and destruction of such elements. In this case, the action of the torque and the transverse force is reduced to the action of the flow of tangential forces along the contour of the box section of the structure.

N.I. KARPENKO¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.I. KOLCHUNOV^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.I. TRAVUSH¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.I. DEM’YANOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivnyi Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Southwest State University (94, 50 let Oktyabrya Street, Kursk, 305040, Russian Federation)

1. Arzamascev S.A., Rodevich V.V. To the calculation of reinforced concrete elements for bending with torsion. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel’stvo. 2015. No. 9, pp. 99–109. (In Russian).
2. Kasaev D.Kh. Crack resistance of reinforced concrete elements of rectangular cross-section in bending with torsion. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavod. Severo-Kavkazskiy region. 2005. No. 2, pp. 124–125. (In Russian).
3. Morozov V.I., Bakhotskiy I.V. To the calculation of fiber-reinforced concrete structures subject to joint action of torsion with bending. Sovremennyye problemi nauki i obrazovaniya. 2013. No. 5. p. 109. (In Russian).
4. Fedorov V.S., Kolchunov V.I., Pokusaev A.A. Calculation of the distance between spatial cracks and the width of their opening in reinforced concrete structures with torsion with bending (case 2). Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 5, pp. 16–21. (In Russian).
5. Adheena Thomas, Afia S Hameed. An experimental study on combined flexural and torsional behaviour of RC beams. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2017. Vol. 4. Iss. 5, pp. 1367–1370.
6. Mostofinejad D., Talaeitaba S.B. Nonlinear modeling of RC beams subjected to torsion using the smeared crack model. Procedia Engineering. 2011. Vol. 14, pp. 1447–1454.
7. Klein G., Lucier G., Rizkalla S., Zia P., Gleich H. Torsion simplified: a failure plane model for desigh of spandrel beams. ACI Concrete International Journal. 2012, pp. 1–8.
8. Ilker Kalkan, Saruhan Kartal. Torsional rigidities of reinforced concrete beams subjected to elastic lateral torsional buckling. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering. 2017. Vol. 11. No. 7, pp. 969–972.
9. Bulkin S.A. Torsion with bending of a steel-fiber-reinforced concrete beam. Stroitel’stvo I rekonstruktsiya. 2021, pp. 3–13. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33979/2073-7416-2021-94-2-3-15.
10. Demyanov A.I., Alkadi S.A. Static-dynamic deformation of reinforced concrete elements of the space frame with their complex resistance. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 11 (719), pp. 20–33. (In Russian).
11. Travush V.I., Karpenko N.I., Kolchunov V.I., Kaprielov S.S., Demyanov A.I., Konorev A.V. Results of experimental studies of structures of square and box sections made of high-strength concrete in torsion with bending. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2018. No. 6, pp. 32–43. (In Russian).
12. Travush V.I., Karpenko N.I., Kolchunov V.I., Kaprielov S.S., Demyanov A.I., Bulkin S.A., Moskovtseva V.S. Results of experimental studies of complexly stressed beams of circular cross-section made of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete. Stroitel’naya mekhanika inzhenernykh konstruktsiy i sooruzheniy. 2020. No. 4, pp. 290–297. (In Russian).
13. Travush V.I., Karpenko N.I., Kolchunov V.I., Kaprielov S.S., Demyanov A.I., Konorev A.V. The main results of experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures made of high-strength concrete B100 of circular and circular sections in torsion with bending. Stroitel’naya mekhanika inzhenernykh konstruktsiy i sooruzheniy. 2019. No. 1, pp. 51–61. (In Russian).
14. Demyanov A.I., Salnikov A.S., Kolchunov Vl.I. Experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures in torsion with bending and analysis of their results. Stroitel’stvo I rekonstruktsiya. 2017. No. 4 (72), pp. 17–26. (In Russian).
15. Demyanov A.I., Kolchunov V.I., Pokusaev A.A. Experimental studies of the deformation of reinforced concrete structures during torsion with bending. Stroitel’naya mekhanika inzhenernykh konstruktsiy i sooruzheniy. 2017. No. 6, pp. 37–44. (In Russian).
16. Demyanov A.I., Naumov N.V., Kolchunov Vl. I. Some results of experimental studies of composite reinforced concrete structures in torsion with bending. Stroitel’stvo I rekonstruktsiya. 2018. No. 5 (79), pp. 13–23. (In Russian).
17. Kolchunov Vl.I., Fedorov V.S. Conceptual hierarchy of models in the theory of resistance of building structures. Promyshlennoye i grazhdanskoye stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 8, pp. 16–23. DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019.2020.08.16–23. (In Russian).
18. Karpenko N.I. Obshchiye modeli mekhaniki zhelezobetona [General models of reinforced concrete mechanics]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1996. 410 p.
19. Karpenko N.I., KolchunovVl.I., Kolchunov V.I., Travush V.I. Calculated model of a complex-stressed reinforced concrete element under torsion with bending. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2021. Vol. 17. No. 1, pp. 34–47.
20. Karpenko N.I. Teoriya deformirovaniya zhelezobetona s treshchinami [The theory of deformation of cracked reinforced concrete]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1976. 208 p.
21. Methodological manual “Statically indeterminate reinforced concrete structures. Diagrammatic methods of computer-aided calculation and design”. Moscow: Federal Center for Rationing, Standardization and Conformity Assessment in Construction. 2017. 197 p.
22. Chistova T.P. Experimental study of deformations of conventional reinforced concrete elements of box-shaped and solid rectangular sections in pure torsion. Strength and rigidity of reinforced concrete structures. Edited by S.A. Dmitriev and S.M. Krylov. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1971. (In Russian).

One of the most important factors affecting human health is indoor air pollution. Toxic impurities entering the respiratory organs of a person in a room are largely related to the construction and finishing materials used in it. Among such toxic impurities is formaldehyde (released by glued wood-based materials, mineral wool insulation based on phenol-formaldehyde binders); benzene (produced by linoleum, laminated coatings, varnishes and paints); phenol (released by vinyl wallpaper, linoleum) and others. In this case, the emissions of building materials are summed up with the emissions associated with the vital activity of people and with the intake from the outside air. The safety of the indoor environment turns out to be a complex factor due to pollution and ventilation. At the same time, at present, there is practically no state regulation in terms of the toxicity of building finishing materials, and the designers do not have the necessary data to provide people with safe air for new and reconstructed buildings. The article shows the degree of pollution of residential premises and its compliance with the existing sanitary and hygienic requirements using the example of the use of various finishing materials. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the predicted indoor air quality at the stages of building design, as well as the mandatory certification of construction and operating facilities for air quality.

E.V. LEVIN¹, Candidate of Science (Physics and Mathematics);
A.Yu. OKUNEV^1,2, Candidate of Science (Physics and Mathematics);
E.Yu. TSESHKOVSKAYA¹, (Engineer)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² State University of Land Use Planning (15, Kazakova Street, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation)

1. Kriyt V.E., Sladkova Yu.N., Badaeva E.A., Smirnov V.V., Zaritskaya E.V. On the issue of hygienic requirements for air quality of enclosed spaces at housing construction projects at the stage of commissioning. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2019. No. 6, pp. 608–612. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-6-608–612.
2. Gubernsky Yu.D., Litskevich V.K., Rakhmanin Yu.A., Kalinina N.V. Problem questions of hygiene of residential and public buildings and concept of development of studies for the future. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2012. No. 4, pp. 12–15. (In Russian).
3. WHO Indoor Air Quality Guidelines: Selected Pollutants. World Health Organization. 2011. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/132957/e94535_exsumR.pdf
4. Ivanenko A.V. et al. Assessment of public health risk from exposure to atmospheric pollution in certain areas of the city of Moscow. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2017. No. 3. pp. 206–210. (In Russian).
5. Rahmanin Yu.A., Mihajlova R.I. Environment and health: priorities for preventive medicine. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2014. No. 5, pp. 5–9. (In Russian).
6. WHO newsletter. Ambient air quality and health. May 18, 2018.
7. WHO press release. World Health Organization. May 2, 2018 Geneva. https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/02-05-2018-9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air-but-more-countries-are-taking-action
8. Zaripova L.R., Ivanov A.V., Tafeeva E.A. Internal environment and public health. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015. No. 5, p. 161 (In Russian).
9. Pogonysheva I.A., Pogonyshev D.A. Actual problems of the relationship between the environment and human health in the European Union. Literature review. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2019. No. 5, pp. 473–477. (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016- 9900-2019-98-5-473-477
10. Gubernskij Yu.D., Fedoseeva V.N., Makoveckaya A.K., Kalinina N.V., Fedoskova T.G. Ecological and hygienic aspects of population sensitization in the living environment. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2017. No. 5, pp. 414–417. (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016- 9900-2017-96-5-414-417
11. Stroganov V.F. Sagadeev E.V. Bio-damage to building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 5–9 (In Russian).
12. Erofeev V.T., Rodin A.I., Dergunova A.V., Suraeva E.N., Smirnov V.F., Bogatov A.D., Kaznacheev S.V., Karpushin S.N. Biological and climatic durability of cement composites. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 3, pp. 119–126. (In Russian).
13. Habarov V.B. Primenenie gazovoj hromatografii pri kontrole sanitarno-himicheskih harakteristik drevesiny sosny, beryozy i fanery iz shpona beryozy. Derevoobrabatyvayushchaya promyshlennost’. 2009. No. 1, pp. 14–18.
14. Khabarov V.B. Sanitary-chemical characteristics of composite wood-based materials and synthetic resins according to gas chromatography. Sorbtsionnye i khromatograficheskie protsessy. 2015. No. 2, pp. 196–215. (In Russian).
15. Nikiforova N.V., May I.V. To the problem of rationing the migration of formaldehyde from polymer - containing building, finishing materials and furniture. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2018. No. 1, pp. 43–49. (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-1-43-49
16. Nikiforova N.V., May I.V., Evdoshenko V.S., Lu-zhetsky К.P., Otavina E.A. On the evolution of living conditions and health status of residents in precast framed houses of the micro-district Usolsky-2 (the city of Berezniki, the Perm region). Gigiena i sanitariya. 2017. No. 1, pp. 40–44 (In Russian).
17. Brodach M.M., Shilkin N.V. Creation of a safe human environment. Buildings are sick and buildings are healthy. Energosberezhenie. 2021. No. 1, pp. 1–11. (In Russian).
18. Gorbanev S.A., Mozzhuhina N.A., Eryomin G.B., Noskov S.N., Karelin A.O., Vyuchejskaya D.S., Kopytenkova O.I., Badaeva E.A. On the substantiation of proposals for changes and additions to the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2019. No. 7, pp. 707–712. (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-7-707-712
19. Volkova N.G., Levin E.V. Okunev A.Y., et al. Clarification of the microclimate of residential and public buildings. Report on research. No. G.R. AAAA-A19-119062790104-6. M.: NIISF RAASN. 2019. 230 p. (In Russian).
20. Levin E.V., Okunev A.Yu. Air quality in residential and public buildings. Ventilation air exchange role. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 41–51. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-7-41-51
21. Levin E.V. Okunev A.Y. About normalizing air quality in rooms of residential and public buildings. BST. 2020. No. 6. pp. 60–63. (In Russian).

When designing buildings, methods are applied aimed at energy saving, with special attention paid to ensuring a comfortable indoor environment. One of the important components of comfort is a sufficient level of natural light, which is normalized by the coefficient of natural light. When calculating the coefficient of natural light, the reflection of solar radiation in the visible range from the facade of the opposing building facing the studied facade is taken into account. In addition, methods are currently being developed to take into account the reflection of solar radiation in the entire range of solar radiation. However, insufficient reference data was found on the reflection of solar radiation in the visible and in the entire range of various facade coatings. In this work, such studies are carried out, and their influence on the value of the weighted average reflection coefficient of the facade in the visible region and the weighted average albedo of the facade in the entire range of solar radiation is determined.

E.V. KORKINA^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.A. SHMAROV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.D. TYULENEV², postgraduate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Esquivias P.M., Moreno D., Navarro J. Solar radiation entering through openings: Coupled assessment of luminous and thermal aspects. Energy and Buildings. 2018. Vol. 175, pp. 208–218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.07.021
2. Kontoleon K.J. Energy saving assessment in buildings with varying façade orientations and types of glazing systems when exposed to sun. International Journal of Performability Engineering. 2013. Vol. 9. No. 1, pp. 33–48.
3. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A., Tyulenev M.D. Effectiveness of energy-saving glazing in various climatic zones of Russia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 869 (7). 072010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/869/7/072010
4. Yunsong Han, Hong Yu, Cheng Sun. Simulation-based multiobjective optimization of timber-glass residential buildings in severe cold regions. Sustainability. 2017. Vol. 9 (12). 2353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122353
5. Zubarev K.P., Gagarin V.G. Determining the coefficient of mineral wool vapor permeability in vertical position. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2021. Vol. 1259, pp. 593–600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57453-6_56
6. Соловьёв А.К. Оценка освещения помещений с применением теории светового поля // Свето-техника. 2013. № 4. С. 66–68.
6. Solovev A.K. Assessment of indoor lighting using light field theory. Svetotekhnika. 2013. No. 4, pp. 66–68. (In Russian).
7. Cheng Sun, Qianqian Liu and Yunsong Han. Many-objective optimization design of a public building for energy, daylighting and cost performance improve-ment. Applied Sciences. 2020. Vol. 10 (7). 2435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072435
8. Mardaljevic J., and Christoffersen J. A. Roadmap for upgrading national/eu standards for daylight in buildings. Proceedings of the CIE Centenary Conference. Paris. 2013, pp. 178–187.
9. Nguyen P.T.K., Solovyov A.K., Pham T.H.H., Dong K.H. Confirmed method for definition of daylight climate for tropical Hanoi. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020. Vol. 982, pp. 35–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19756-8_4
10. Brembilla E., Mardaljevic J. Climate-Based Daylight Modelling for compliance verification: Benchmarking multiple state-of-the-art methods. Building and Environment. 2019. Vol. 158, pp. 151–164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.04.051
11. Zemtsov V., Korkina, E., Zemtsov V. Relative brightness of facades in the L-shaped urban buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 896. 012027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/896/1/012027
12. Куприянов, В.Н., Халикова Ф.Р. Пропускание ультрафиолетовой радиации оконными стеклами при различных углах падения луча // Жилищное строительство. 2012. № 6. С. 64–65.
12. Kupriyanov, V.N., Khalikova F.R. Transmission of ultraviolet radiation by window panes at different angles of incidence of the beam. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 6, pp. 64–65. (In Russian).
13. Стецкий С.В., Ларионова К.О. Расчет естественной освещенности помещений с системой верхнего естественного освещения с учетом светотехнического влияния окружающей застройки // Вестник МГСУ. 2014. №12. С. 20–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2014.12.20-30
13. Stetskii S.V., Larionova K.O. Calculation of natural illumination of rooms with an overhead natural lighting system, taking into account the lighting influence of the surrounding buildings. Vestnik MGSU. 2014. No. 12, pp. 20–30. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2014.12.20-30
14. Соловьёв А.К. Зеркальные фасады: их влияние на освещение противостоящих зданий // Свето-техника. 2017. № 2. С. 28–31.
14. Solov’ev A.K. Mirrored facades: their effect on the lighting of opposing buildings. Svetotekhnika. 2017. No. 2, pp. 28–31. (In Russian).
15. Zhang Y., Long E., Li Y., Li P. Solar radiation reflective coating material on building envelopes: Heat transfer analysis and cooling energy saving. Energy Exploration & Exploitation. 2017, pp. 1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0144598717716285
16. Коркина Е.В., Шмаров И.А. Аналитический метод расчета рассеянной солнечной радиации, поступающей на вертикальную поверхность при частично перекрытом небосводе // Известия высших учебных заведений. Технология текстильной промышленности. 2018. № 3 (375). С. 230–236.
16. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A. Analytical method of calculation of the diffuse solar radiation received on a vertical surface with partially. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi pro-myshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 230–236. (In Russian).
17. Ivanova S.M. Estimation of background diffuse irradiance on orthogonal surfaces under partially obstructed anisotropic sky. Part 1 – Vertical surfaces. Solar Energy. 2013. Vol. 95, pp. 376–391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.01.021
18. Коркина Е.В., Шмаров И.А., Земцов В.А., Тюленев М.Д. Аналитический метод расчета отраженной от фасада противостоящего здания солнечной радиации // Известия высших учебных заведений. Технология текстильной промышленности. 2019. № 4 (382). С. 189-196.
18. Korkina E.V., Shmarov I.A., Zemtsov V.A., Tyulenev M.D. Analytical method of calculation of the reflected solar radiation from the facade of the opposing building. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2019. No. 4 (382), pp. 189–196. (In Russian).

Sound insulation of inter-floor floors in residential panel houses is considered on the basis of statistical data of tests conducted in 2020 by employees of the Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction by the order of the Committee of State Construction Supervision of the City of Moscow. The analysis of the collected statistics with the description of possible reasons for deviations from the current standards is carried out. A comparison of two design solutions for covering a clean floor of inter-floor floors with a laminate coating on an elastic substrate and a floating floor structure with a cement-sand screed coating is made, as well as the application of the mass law, according to which, doubling the mass of a single-layer fence contributes to an increase in sound insulation parameters by 5-6 dB, to improve the sound insulation characteristics of the floor structure. The study showed that it is possible to achieve an increase in the sound insulation characteristics of the floor structure by simply increasing the mass of the structural layers of a clean floor.

S.I. KRYSHOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Head of Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.E. KOTELNIKOV¹, Engineer-Expert (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
O.V. GRADOVA², Head of Sector No. 42.1 “Acoustic materials and structures”

¹ Center for Expertise, Research and Testing in Construction (State Budgetary Institution “CEIIS” (13, Ryazanskiy Prospect, Moscow, 109052, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivnyi proezd, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Bobylev V.N., Tishkov V.A., Monich D.V., Krasov D.V. On the reserves of sound insulation of internal enclosing structures of buildings. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2009. No. 5, pp. 246–249. (In Russian).
2. Boganik A.G. Effective structures for additional sound insulation of premises. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2004. No. 10, pp. 18–21. (In Russian).
3. Bogolepov I.I. Increase of sound insulation of double-walled structures due to the use of sound-insulating bridges. Civil Engineering Journal. 2009. No. 2 (4), pp. 46–53. (In Russian).
4. Shubin I.L. Regulatory documents on energy saving and building acoustics, developed by NIISF RAASN. Byulleten’ stroitel’noy tekhniki. 2012. No. 2, pp. 7–13. (In Russian).
5. Spiridonov A.V., Tsukernikov I.E., Shubin I.L. Monitoring and analysis of normative documents in the field of indoor climate of premises and protection from harmful influences. Part 3. Acoustic factors (noise, vibration, infrasound, ultrasound). Byulleten’ stroitel’noy tekhniki. 2016. No. 6, pp. 8–11. (In Russian).
6. Angelov V.L., Porozhenko M.A. Assessment and regulation of sound insulation of building envelopes. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2010. No. 3, pp. 170–174. (In Russian).
7. Abramov M.A. A new series of panel houses up to 25 floors. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construc-tion]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 9–15. (In Russian).
8. Moiser F. Ten parameters for typical houses. features and prospects of panel housing construction in the XXI century. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 52–55. (In Russian).
9. Fedyunina T.V., Materinsky S.V. Monolithic construction as the most advanced technology in the construction industry. Innovative science and modern society. Collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Ufa. 2014, pp. 72–74. (In Russian).
10. Korovyakov V.F. The role of scientific and technical support of construction in improving the quality of monolithic construction. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 5, pp. 34–36. (In Russian).
11. Andzhelov V.L., Angelov L.V. Sound insulation of interfloor ceilings of modern large-panel buildings. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference “Energy saving and ecology in construction and housing and communal services, transport and industrial ecology”. Moscow-Budva. 2010, pp. 195–197. (In Russian).
12. Kryshov S.I. Problems of sound insulation of buildings under construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 8–10. (In Russian).

Evaluation of the sound insulation of high-level pulse noise by building structures is a little-studied issue in the field of building acoustics. This is due to the fact that such noise sources (shooting galleries, shooting ranges, etc.) are usually not located near buildings, structures and territories with a permanent presence of people. However, in some cases, such a task may be relevant. The paper presents an experimental comparison of the transmission of pulsed and constant noises from one room to another. The source of the pulse noise was a firearm of four types, the source of the constant noise was the acoustic system. The measurements were carried out in the current shooting gallery and in adjacent rooms, one of which directly borders the gallery, and the other has no common enclosing structures with it. In both cases, it was found that the difference in sound pressure levels in the gallery and the adjacent room is significantly greater with pulsed excitation in the octave bands with f_sh=31.5–250 Hz than with constant excitation. The results obtained indicate that the acoustic insulation of rooms significantly depends on the nature of noise exposure: at low frequencies, the transmission of pulsed noise between rooms is much weaker than the transmission of constant noise. It is noted that the results of the field experiment are qualitative in nature, for reliable quantitative estimates of the isolation of pulse noise, additional field and laboratory studies are needed to confirm the recorded effect, as well as the development of a theoretical basis for calculating the transmission of pulse noise between rooms.

N.G. KANEV^1,3,4, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.S. FADEEV¹, leading acoustic engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.E. TSUKERNIKOV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Group of companies “Acoustic Group” (33, bldg. 2, Novokuznetskaya Street, Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
³ “Acoustic Institute named after Academician N.N. Andreev” JSC (4, Shvernik Street, Moscow, 117036, Russian Federation)
⁴ Bauman Moscow state technical university (National research university of technology) (5, build. 1, 2nd Baumanskaya Street, Moscow, 105005, Russian Federation)

1. Suvorov G.A., Likhnitsky A.M. Impul’snyy shum i yego vliyaniye na organizm cheloveka [Impulse noise and its effect on the human body]. Leningrad: Medicine. 1975. 207 p.
2. Chan P.C., Ho K.H., Kan K.K., et al. Evaluation of impulse noise criteria using human volunteer data. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2001. Vol. 110 (4), pp. 1967–1975. DOI: 10.1121/1.1391243
3. SanPiN 1.2.3685-21. Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and (or) harmlessness to humans of environmental factors. (In Russian).
4. Pfander F., Bongart H. Brinkman H., Kietz H. Danger of auditory impairment from impulse noise: A comparative study of the CHABA damage-risk criteria and those of the Federal Republic of Germany. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1980. Vol. 67, pp. 628–633. DOI: 10.1121/1.383886
5. Logatkin S.M., Ryzhikov M.A., Kuznetsov M.S. Peculiarities of the impulse noise impact of small arms on the hearing organ under the conditions of using antinoise. Medico-biological and socio-psychological problems of safety in emergency situations. 2018. No. 4, pp. 84–89. (In Russian).
6. Anischenko E.B., Trankovskaya L.V., Kovalchuk V.K. Risk factors of health disorders of workers of departmental protection of railway transport. Gigiyena i sanitariya. 2015. Vol. 94. No. 4, pp. 39–44. (In Russian).
7. Kardous C.A., Willson R.D., Hayden C.S., Szlapa P., Murphy W.J., Reeves E.F. Noise exposure assessment and abatement strategies at an indoor firing range. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2003. Vol. 18, pp. 629–636. DOI: 10.1080/10473220301409
8. Murphy W.J., Tubbs R.L. Assessment of noise exposure for indoor and outdoor firing ranges. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2007. Vol. 4, pp. 688–697. DOI: 10.1080/15459620701537390
9. Murphy W.J., Kardous C.A. Noise abatement for indoor firing ranges. Noise Control Engineering Journal. 2010. Vol. 58 (4), pp. 345–356. DOI: 10.3397/1.3455050
10. Ivanov N.I. Inzhenernaya akustika. Teoriya i praktika bor’by s shumom [Engineering acoustics. Theory and practice of noise control]. Moscow: Lotos. 2013. 424 p.
11. Shcheviev Yu.P., Belous A.A. Analiticheskiye metody rascheta shumozashchitnykh konstruktsiy [Analytical methods for calculating noise protection structures]. Saint Petersburg: Polytechnic. 2002. 385 p.
12. Osipov G.L., Bobylev V.N., Borisov L.A. etc. Zvukoizolyatsiya i zvukopogloshcheniye [Sound insulation and sound absorption]. Moscow: OOO “AST Publishing House”, OOO “Astrel Publishing House”. 2004. 450 p.
13. Afonina O.A., Zhilina T.S. Methods for dealing with noise in residential buildings. In the collection: Actual problems of architecture, construction, ecology and energy conservation in Western Siberia. Collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Tyumen State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2015, pp. 139–144.
14. Kochkin N.A., Shubin I.L. Study of the influence of ways of connecting the flexible plate with a space on soundproofing of enclosing structures when reconstructing buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 7, pp. 9–15. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-7-9-15

The sound insulation of enclosure structure is one of the important factors affecting the living comfort. The article discusses the method for conducting acoustic calculations in the investigation n apartment building. According to the results of a technical survey, the building was declared emergency. A large number of defects were recorded that negatively affect the acoustic properties of the building envelope. For the walls of the building, airborne noise insulation indices were determined, which are standardized parameters of sound insulation of enclosing structures. The index was calculated as an acoustically flat structure with a solid section, taking into account the surface density. For intermediate floors, the impact noise index was determined by calculation. Conclusions are given on the results of the acoustic calculations, the features of such calculations during the technical inspection of emergency housing stock, as well as the influence of existing defects on the sound insulation capacity of the enclosing structures are reflected.

V.I. RIMSHIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.S. TRUNTOV¹, Undergraduate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.S. KETSKO², Postgraduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafeva M.A. Deformability of a volume-compressed concrete. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. 022063. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022053
2. Tsukernikov I.E., Shubin I.L., Nevenchannaya T.O. System of national standards for the measurement and evaluation of sound insulation. Proceedings of the III All-Russian Acoustic Conference. 2020, pp. 471–474. (In Russian).
3. Rimshin V.I., Kurbatov V.L., Korol’ E.A., Kuzina E.S., Sattarov S.A. To the question of the residual resource of reinforced concrete structures during transverse bending by the strength of normal sections. Construction system engineering. Cyber-physical building systems – 2019. Collection of materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. 2019, pp. 440–444. (In Russian).
4. Borkovskaya V.G., Degaev E.N., Rimshin V.I., Shubin I.L. Problems and risks of control in the housing and communal services industry. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. International Science and Technology Conference “FarEastCon 2019”. 2020. 052046. DOI:  10.1088/1757-899X/753/5/052046
5. Shubin I.L., Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V., Merkusheva N.P. Assessment of the noise regime in the premises of enterprises built into residential buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 3–8. (In Russian).
6. Rimshin V., Truntov P. An integrated approach to the use of composite materials for the restoration of reinforced concrete structures. E3S Web of Conferences. Innovative Technologies in Environmental Science and Education, ITESE 2019. 2019. 03068. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201913503068
7. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Troshkina E.A. Strength of short concrete filled steel tube columns of annular cross section. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. 022062. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/463/2/022062
8. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafieva M.A. Strength of centrally compressed pipe-concrete elements of advanced design. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2018. No. 3 (77), pp. 12–21. (In Russian).
9. Kuzina E., Rimshin V., Kurbatov V. The reliability of building structures against power and environmental degradation effects. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering electronic edition. 2018. 042009. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/463/4/042009
10. Rimshin V.Iv., Truntov P.S., Ketsko E.S., Kuzina I.S. Method of determining wind loads and impacts using the software. Stroitel’stvo i reconstrukciya. 2020. No. 6 (92), pp. 43–50. (In Russian).
11. Rimshin V.I., Varlamov A.A. Volumetric models of the elastic behavior of the composite. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 63–68. (In Russian).
12. Valevich D.M., Gavrilova N.G., Rimshin V.I. On the issue of confirming the physicomechanical properties of concrete under the influence of various operational factors. Universitetskaya nauka. 2018. No. 1 (5), pp. 41–43. (In Russian).
13. Kuzina E., Rimshin V. Strengthening of concrete beams with the use of carbon fiber. In book: international scientific conference energy management of municipal facilities and sustainable energy technologies EMMFT. 2018, pp. 911–919. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19868-8_90
14. Varlamov A.A., Rimshin V.I. Modeli povedeniya betona. Obshchaya teoriya degradatsii. Monografiya. [Models of concrete behavior. General theory of degradation. Monograph]. Moscow: Scientific Publishing Center INFRA-M. 2019. 436 p. DOI: 10.12737/monography_5c8a716e3c4460.52838016
15. Mosakov B.S., Kurbatov V.L., Rimshin V.I. Osnovy tekhnologicheskoi mekhaniki tyazhelykh betonov [Fundamentals of technological mechanics of heavy concrete]. Mineralnye Vody: Belgorod State Techno-logical University named after V.G. Shukhov North Caucasus Branch. 2017. 210 p.

The article is devoted to the description of studies of air permeability of modern mineral wool products made of glass and stone fibers. The experimental setup and the course of testing the air permeability of building materials are described. A method for graphically finding the coefficient of air permeability and resistance to air permeability, as well as the characteristics of air permeability used in European regulatory documents: airflow resistance, airflow resistivity and air permeability from the found dependence of the pressure drop on the flow rate air through the sample (according to the method of the domestic standard). The results of finding indicators of air permeability of mineral wool products made of glass and stone fibers are described and analyzed. Filtration indicators for the main types of mineral wool insulation of modern production are found, the dependence of air permeability on density is established. New methodological developments obtained in the course of research are described, which are proposed to be taken into account when developing and updating regulatory documents on this issue.

P.P. PASTUSHKOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.G. GAGARIN^1,2,3, Doctor of Sciences, (Engineering), Corresponding Member RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Institute of Mechanics Lomonosov Moscow State University (1, Michurinsky Avenue, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation)
³ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Briling R.E. Air permeability of enclosing structures and materials. Moscow. Gosstroyizdat. 1949. (In Russian).
2. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V., Tsykanovsky E.Yu. Calculation of thermal protection of facades with a ventilated air gap. AVOK: Ventilyaciya, otoplenie, kondicionirovanie vozduha, teplosnabzhenie i stroitel’naya teplofizika. 2004. No. 2, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
3. Gagarin V.G. Thermophysical problems of modern wall enclosing structures of multi-storey buildings. Academia. 2009. No. 5, pp. 297–305. (In Russian).
4. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V., Lushin K.I., Pastushkov P.P. On the use of wind-waterproof membranes in hinged facade systems with a ventilated air gap. Nauchno-tekhnicheskij vestnik Povolzh’ya. 2012. No. 5, pp. 128–131. (In Russian).
5. Gagarin V.G., Guvernyuk S.V., Kubenin A.S., Pastushkov P.P., Kozlov V.V. On the method of calculating the influence of wind effects on the air regime of buildings. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noj promyshlennosti. 2016. No. 4, pp. 234–240. (In Russian).
6. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V., Sadchikov A.V., Mekhnetsov I.A. Longitudinal air filtration in modern enclosing structures. AVOK: Ventilyaciya, otoplenie, kondicionirovanie vozduha, teplosnabzhenie i stroitel’naya teplofizika. 2005. No. 8, pp. 60–70. (In Russian).
7. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V., Sadchikov A.V. On the influence of longitudinal air filtration on the thermal protection of walls with a ventilated façade. Strojprofil’. 2005. No. 6, pp. 34–35. (In Russian).
8. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V., Sadchikov A.V. Consideration of longitudinal air infiltration when assessing the thermal protection of a wall with a ventilated façade. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2005. No. 6, pp. 42–45. (In Russian).
9. Kozlov V.V., Kurilyuk I.S. Results of experimental studies of parameters of air permeability of mineral wool. Academia. 2009. No. 5, p. 500. (In Russian).
10. Yurchenko A.I., Schukina T.V., Kuznetsova L.V. Influence of air permeability of external enclosures on energy-saving operation of buildings. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 5, pp. 79–83. (In Russian)
11. Gudkov S.I. Determination of air permeability of TECHNOVENT STANDARD mineral wool in laboratory conditions. Vestnik sovremennyh issledovaniy. 2018. No. 9.3 (24), pp. 237–240. (In Russian).
12. Vytchikov Yu.S., Saparev M.E., Kostuganov A.B. Investigation of the influence of outdoor air infiltration on the heat-shielding characteristics of the outer walls of high-rise buildings. Gradostroitel’stvo i arhitektura. 2020. Vol. 10. No. 1, pp. 30–35. (In Russian).

Heat transfer resistance is one of the main heat engineering characteristics which is taken into consideration when designers decide on the possibility of using the building envelope. The differential equation of heat conduction in stationary and non-stationary formulations with boundary conditions of the third kind is shown. The relationship between the heat flow through the fence and its heat transfer resistance is demonstrated. The current state of documentary standard in determining conventional, reduced and required heat transfer resistance is outlined. Scientific methods for determining the heat transfer resistance are demonstrated. T.A. Musorina and M.R. Petrichenko’s works which propose a calculation of the total thermal resistance by decomposing it into reactive and active components are reviewed. The work of O.D. Samarin describing a method for calculating the heat transfer resistance in soil using a quarter of an infinite array and dividing the soil into concentric circles is cited. Above mentioned O.D. Samarin’s method provides more opportunities compared to the classical method of calculating by zones. Furthermore, an overview of the experimental method for determining heat transfer resistance which consists in finding the average value of the heat flux density in each period with a steady temperature regime is presented. In conclusion, the necessity to improve both theoretical and experimental approaches to determining the heat transfer resistance is highlighted.

.P. ZUBAREV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.I. BORODULINA¹, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.R. GALLYAMOVA¹, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (129337, Russia, Moscow, Yaroslavskoye Highway, 26)
² Research Institute of Building Physics of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Science (127238, Russia, Moscow, Lokomotivnyy Driveway, 21)

1. Zubarev K.P., Gagarin V.G. Determining the coefficient of mineral wool vapor permeability in vertical position. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2021. Vol. 1259, pp. 593–600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57453-6_56
2. Gagarin V.G., Akhmetov V.K., Zubarev K.P. Graphical method for determination of maximum wetting plane position in enclosing structures of buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 753. 022046. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022046
3. Zubarev K.P., Gagarin V.G. Experimental comparison of construction material vapor permeability in case of horizontal or vertical sample position. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 463. 032082. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/463/3/032082
4. Gagarin V.G., Akhmetov V.K., Zubarev K.P. Moisture behavior calculation of single-layer enclosing structure by means of discrete-continuous method. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. Vol. 170. 03014. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201817003014
5. Gagarin V.G., Akhmetov V.K., Zubarev K.P. The moisture regime calculation of single-layered enclosing. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 456. 012105. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/456/1/012105
6. Gagarin V.G., Akhmetov V.K., Zubarev K.P. Mathematical model using discrete-continuous approach for moisture transfer in enclosing construction. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. Vol. 463. 022023. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/463/2/022023
7. Gagarin V.G., Akhmetov V.K., Zubarev K.P. Assessment of enclosing structure moisture regime using moisture potential theory. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. Vol. 193. 03053. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303053
8. Samarin O.D. Substantiation of the simplified method of determining heat losses through underground parts of building enclosures. Vestnik MGSU. 2016. No. 1, pp. 118–125. (In Russian).
9. Samarin O.D. Calculation of the temperature on the inner surface of the outer corner of the building with a modern level of protection. Izvestiya vy’sshikh uchebny’kh zavedenij. Stroitel’stvo. 2005. No. 8, pp. 52–56. (In Russian).
10. Malyavina E.G., Ivanov D.S. Definition of heat loss for undeground part of building by calculation of three-dimensional soil temperature pattern. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 209–215. (In Russian).
11. Malyavina E.G., Ivanov D.S. Calculation of three-dimensional soil temperature pattern taking into account the soil freezing when determining heat loss. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 3–1, pp. 371–376. (In Russian).
12. Gindoyan A.G., Grushko V.Ya., Sundukov I.Yu. Study of heat loss through floors on the ground. Construction physics in the XXI century: materials of science and technology. conf. / edited by I. L. Shubin. Moscow: NIISF RAASN. 2006, pp. 207–211. (In Russian).
13. Musorina T.A., Petrichenko M.R., Zaborova D.D., Gamayunova O.S. Determination of active and reactive thermal resistance of one-layer building envelopes. Vestnik MGSU. 2020. No. 8, pp. 1126–1134. (In Russian).
14. Musorina T.A., Zaborova D. D., Gamayunova O. S., Petrichenko M.R. Thermal resistance homogeneous enclosure structure. Problems of gas dynamics and heat and mass transfer in power plants: mat. XXII School-seminar of young scientists and specialists under the leadership of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.I. Leontiev. Moscow: Chance. 2019, pp. 209–211. (In Russian).
15. Kozinets G.L., Loctionova E.A., Musorina T.A., Petrichenko M.R. Thermal resistance of homogeneous isotropic heat-conducting medium. Construction and industrial safety. Stroitel’stvo i tekhnogennaya bezopasnost’. 2019. No. 16, pp. 105–110. (In Russian).
16. Samarin O.D. Energy balance of civil buildings and possible directions of energy saving. Zhilishhnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012. No. 8, pp. 2–4. (In Russian).
17. Samarin O.D. The periodic temperature oscillations in a cylindrical profile with a large thickness. Magazin of civil engineering. 2019. No. 1 (85), pp. 51–58.
18. Kornienko S.V. Problem of thermal protection of extremal walls of modern buildings. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya: Polimatematicheskaya. 2013. No. 1, p. 13. (In Russian).
19. Pilipenko N.V., Lazurenko N.V. Method of determining the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures of buildings for various purposes. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Informaczionny’kh tekhnologij, mekhaniki i optiki. 2006. No. 31, pp. 73–77. (In Russian).
20. Mogutov V.A. Generalization of the experience of field experimental surveys of housing and communal services facilities. Report of the NIISF RAASN. Moscow. 2005. (In Russian).

The problem of forming the structure of powder-activated composites using local raw materials is addressed. The results of experimental studies of the properties of powder-activated concretes (RPC) when aged in an environment of petroleum products are presented. The physical and strength properties of powder-activated cement composites were studied. The influence of superplasticizers Hyperplast PC200 and Sika viscocrete 5930, microsilica and metal fiber on the construction and technical properties of concrete was investigated. During the experiment, changes in the structure of the hardening systems were evaluated, and the number of shrinkage microcracks was determined using scanning electron microscopy with Vega 3 series equipment. For RPC, the technological regulations for the preparation of mixtures were defined, including the following steps: dry mixing of fine sand and microsilica (4 minutes), adding cement and dry mixing of components (5 minutes) to destroy agglomerates, then gradually adding water containing superplasticizers (3 minutes). When the required normal paste density was reached, the steel fiber was slowly added (2 minutes). Thus, the entire mixing process took about 14 minutes. The optimal RPC compositions for the production of building structures of oil refineries are proposed. The features of the construction of objects in countries with hot climates are taken into account. The possibility of reducing the high cost of products and structures for enterprises of the oil refining complex due to a significant reduction in the thickness of products is shown. This made it possible to introduce optimal compositions at Russian and Iraqi construction sites.

H.G.H. AL-SURRAYVI, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.A. GONCHAROVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.G. ZAEVA, Engineer

Lipetsk State Technical University (30, Moskovskaya Street, Lipetsk, 398055, Russian Federation)

1. Erofeev V.T., Rodin A.D., Bogatov A.D. Physicomechanical properties and biostability of cements modified with sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride and polyhexamethylene guanidine stearate. Izvestiya Tul’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskie nauki. 2013. No. 7–2, pp. 292–310. (In Russian).
2. Rumyantseva V.E., Konovalova V.S., Vitalova N.M. Inhibition of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2014. No. 4 (54), pp. 65–71. (In Russian).
3. Babkov V.V., Sokhibgareev R.R., Sokhibgareev Rom. R.The role of amorphous microsilica in the processes of structure formation and strengthening of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 6, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
4. Kalashnikov V.I., Volodin V.M., Moroz M.N. Super- and hyperplasticizers. Microsilica. New generation concretes with low specific consumption of cement per unit of strength. Molodoi uchenyi. 2014. No. 19 (78), pp. 207–210. (In Russian).
5. Fedosov S.V., Bazanov. S.M. Sul’fatnaya korroziya betona [Sulfate corrosion of concrete]. Moscow: ASV. 2003. 192 p.
6. Maksimova I.N., Makridin N. I., Erofeev V. T., Skachkov Yu.P. Prochnost’ i parametry razrusheniya cementnykh kompozitov [Strength and fracture parameters of cement composites: monograph]. Saransk: Publishing house of the Mordovia University, 2015. 360 p.
7. Ananiev S.V., Aksenov S.V., Erofeeva I.V., Kalashnikov V.I. The role of the dispersity and quality of quartz sand on the rheology and strength properties of suspension concrete. Materials of the XII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Science and Innovations. Construction and architecture”. Sofia. 2014. Vol. 10, pp. 40–44.
8. Karpenko N.I., Karpenko S.N., Yarmakovsky V.N., Ero-feev V.T. On modern methods of ensuring the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2015. No. 1, pp. 93–102. (In Russian).
9. Morozov N.M., Khozin V.G., Krasinikova N.M. Structural features of high-strength sand concretes. BST. 2017. No. 2 (990), pp. 46–48. (In Russian).
10. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeev V.T ., Tarakanov O.V. Suspension-filled concrete mixtures for powder-activated concrete of a new generation. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2016. No. 4, pp. 38–37. (In Russian).
11. Kalashnikov V.I. What is the new generation of powder-activated concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 70–71. (In Russian).
12. Korotkikh D.N. Treshchinostojkost’ sovremennykh cementnykh betonov (problemy materialovedeniya i tekhnologii) [Crack resistance of modern cement concretes (problems of materials science and technology)]. Voronezh: VGASU. 2014. 141 p.
13. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeeva I.V. High-strength concrete of a new generation. Materials of the XII International scientific and practical conference “Science without borders”. Sheffield, 2016, pp. 82–84.
14. Latypov V.M., Latypova T.V., Lucyk E.V., Fedorov P.A. Dolgovechnost’ betona i zhelezobetona v prirodnykh agressivnykh sredakh. [Durability of concrete and reinforced concrete in aggressive natural environments] Ufa: RITs UGNTU. 2014. 288 p.
15. Puharenko Yu.V., Bazhenova Yu.M., Erofeeva. V.T. Zhelezobetonnye izdeliya i konstrukcii [Reinforced concrete products and structures]. Saint Petersburg: NPO «ProfessionaL». 2013. 1048 p.
16. Goncharova M.A., Akchurin T.K., Kosta A.A. Investigation of the corrosion resistance of heat resistant slag concrete during long-term exposure in an aggressive sulfate environment. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2020. No. 1 (78), pp. 136–141. (In Russian).
17. Al-Surraivi H.G.Kh., Goncharova M.A. Corrosion resistance of concrete in organic media. Modern problems of materials science. Collection of scientific papers of the II All-Russian (national) scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 65th anniversary of LSTU. Lipetsk. 2021, pp. 355–358. (In Russian).
18. Goncharova M.A., Korneev K.A., Dedyaev G.S. Improving construction engineering properties of soils stabilized by a cement binder with techno-genic products. Solid State Phenomena. 2020. Vol. 299 SSP, pp. 26–31. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.299.26
19. Goncharova M.A., Krokhotin V.V., Ivashkin A.N. The influence of fiber reinforcement on the properties of the selfcompacting concrete mix and concrete. Solid State Phenomena. 2020. Vol. 299 SSP, pp. 112–117. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.299.112