The article presents the results of the synthesis of the layered Mg–Al double hydroxide (LDH), studied its effect on the kinetics of hardening, setting time and strength of Portland cement stone. The methods of introduction of the LDH in the composition of the cement composition are considered. It is determined that the introduction of the nano-additive LDH Mg–Al into the composition of the cement composition reduces the setting time of the cement paste and increases the strength of the cement stone both in the early and late periods of hardening. Ultrasonic dispersion of Mg–Al LDH in aqueous medium in the presence of surfactants, as well as joint introduction with superplasticizer promotes the uniform distribution of the additive in the volume of cement composition and increases the strength of cement stone. The greatest effect is achieved by the introduction of the nano-additive LDH together with superplasticizer into the composition of the cement composition, the strength of cement stone at a dosage of 0.1–1 wt.% Of LDH Mg–Al increases at the age of 1 day by 2.2–2.4 times, and 28 days – 1.2–1.6 times. Layered double hydroxide Mg–Al does not lead to the formation of new phases, but increases the number of hydrated newgrowths. Layered double hydroxide Mg–Al is a promising material and can be used as a hardening accelerator to produce fast-hardening, high-strength cement compositions.

V.V. TYUKAVKINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
V.A. MATVEEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
A.V. TSYRYATEVA, Engineer

Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials named after I.V. Tananaev, FRC, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (26a, Akademgorodok micro-district, Apatity, 184209, Russian Federation)

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19. Artamonova O.V., Chernyshov EM. Concepts and bases of technologies of nanomodification of building composite structures. Part 1. General problems of fundamentality, main direction of investigations and developments. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 82–90. (In Russian).
20. Tyukavkina V.V., Kasikov A.G., Gurevich B.I. Influence of the method of introducing mesoporous silica in cement mortar. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo instituta (tekhnicheskogo universiteta). 2017. No. 38(64), pp. 60–63. (In Russian).

The results of studies to obtain a modifying additive based on production anthropogenic waste and research in its influence on the structure and properties of cement concretes are presented. As a basis for the production of the additive, the use of pre-processed powdered highly dispersed technical sulfur is proposed. The influence of the sulfur thermoplastic additive on the structure of the cement stone when volumetric heating of the modified samples was studied. Flexural and compression strengths, as well as the corrosion resistance of the modified formulations were determined. It is demonstrated that the use of thermoplastic additive makes it possible to create favorable conditions for the formation of the optimal structure of crystalline hydrates with simultaneous effect of internal impregation, which leads to an improvement in physical, mechanical and operational characteristics. A variant of possible treatment of the dispersed phase surface on the basis of powdered sulfur for the subsequent uniform distribution of the additive particles in the composite volume is also proposed. It is shown that the production of sulfur as a by-product of oil refining significantly exceeds consumption, and the development of new ways of additional use of the production waste is an actual direction.

A.N. GUMENIUK¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
I.S. POLYANSKIKH², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
G.N. PERVUSHIN², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.F. GORDINA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
G.I. YAKOVLEV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
D.R. KHAZEEV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Udmurtregiongaz LLC (357, Kommunarov Street, Izhevsk, 426008, Russian Federation)
² Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation)

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4. Doshlov O.I., Kalapov I.A. The method of disposal of industrial waste - technical sulfur, using it for road construction. The current state and prospects for improving the environment and life safety of the Baikal region “White Nights 2016”: a collection of articles of the International Scientific and Technical Conference: in 2 volumes. 2016, pp. 281–288. (In Russian).
5. Lichman N.V., Kukharenko L.V., Nikitin I.V. The use of technical sulfur and mining and metallurgical wastes in hydraulic engineering construction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction materials]. 2005. No. 7, pp. 10–13. (In Russian).
6. Lipina A.V. Research of innovative technological methods for utilization of sulfur-containing waste and technical sulfur. Uspekhi sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniya. 2016. No. 2, pp. 73–76. (In Russian).
7. Doshlov O.I., Kalapov I.A. New road bitumens based on organic binder, modified with technical sulfur and polymer additives. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2015. No. 11 (106), pp. 107–111. (In Russian).
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The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the production of the currently leading “structural” binder – Portland cement is increasing annually, and the carbon dioxide released in the process of obtaining cement has a negative impact on the environmental situation both of individual countries and the whole world. In this regard, the interest of the leading construction companies in solving the problem of transition to the clinker-free binders and building composites with their use to replace the resource – energy-intensive cement at least in those areas of construction where its high technical functional properties are not needed. The paper presents the results of energy dispersive microanalysis of the studied powders, both of natural and man-made origin, performed using a scanning electron microscope Quanta 3D 200 i. The optimal formulations and properties of clinker-free binders of alkaline activation on the basis of highly dispersed mineral components are revealed, effective compositions of fine concretes based on the use of the proposed clinker-free cements are obtained. Theoretical bases of formation of structure and strength of cement stone on the basis of alkaline activator are revealed. Theoretically justified and practically proved that the acid centers of Bronsted on the surface of the highly active powders accelerate the process of the synthesis of silica acid gel, promote the polymerization of silica oxide anions, increase the reactions of ion exchange and stabilize the intergranular contact formation. The results of the research conducted are of practical value for the construction industry, as the resulting formulations of clinker-free cements will make it possible to replace partially expensive and energy-intensive Portland cement in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.

M.Sh. SALAMANOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
S.-A.Yu. MURTAZAEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Grozny State oil technical university named after Academician M.D. Millionshikov (100, Avenue Isaev, Grozny, 364021, Russian Federation)

1. Murtazayev S-A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh. Prospects of the use of thermoactivated raw material of alumosilicate nature. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2018. Vol. 46. No. 2, pp. 65–70. (In Russian).
2. Nikiforov E.A., Loganina V.I., Simonov E.E. The effect of alkaline activation on the structure and properties of diatomite. Vestnik BGTU im. V.G. Shukhova. 2011. No. 2, pp. 65–70. (In Russian).
3. Afonina M.I., Ivanov S.V. Experience and perspectives of using snow coverings in winter recreational and sports complexes. Ekonomika stroitel’stva I prirodopol’zovaniya. 2016. No. 1, pp. 66–72. (In Russian).
4. Davidovits J. Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications. France, Saint-Quentin: Geopolymer Institute. 2008. 592 p.
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6. Salamanova M.Sh., Saidumov M.S., Murtazaeva T.S.-A., Khubaev M.S.-M. High-quality modified concretes based on mineral additives and superplasticizers of various nature. Nauchno-analiticheskii zhurnal «Innovatsii i investitsii». 2015. No. 8, рр. 159–163. (In Russian).
7. Murtazaev S.-A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh., Bisultanov R.G. High-quality modified concretes using a binder based on a reactive active mineral component. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 8, рр. 74–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2016-740-8-74-79
8. Strokova V.V., Zhernovsky I.V., Maksakov A.V., Solovieva L.N., Ogurtsova Yu.N. Express-method for determination of activity of silicious raw material for production of a granulated nanostructuring filler. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 1, рр. 38–39. (In Russian).
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14. Bataev D.K.S., Murtazayev S.-A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh. Fine-grained concretes on non-clinker binders with highly disperse mineral components. Materials Science Forum. 2018. Vol. 931, pp. 552–557. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.931.552
15. Murtazaev S.-A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh., Ismailova Z.Kh. Khadissov V.Kh., Tulaev Z.A. The use of highly active additives for the production of clinkerless binders. Proceedings of the International Symposium “Engineering and Earth Sciences: Applied and Fundamental Research” (ISEES 2018). 2018. Vol. 177, рр. 355–358. https://doi.org/10.2991/isees-18.2018.68
16. Murtazaev S.-A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh. The Impact of Finely Dispersed Micro Filling Materials of Volcanic Ash on the Concrete Properties. International journal of environmental & science education. 2016. Vol. 11. Nо. 18, рр. 12681–12686. http://www.ijese. net/makale/1738

The essence of standardization activities and the concept of the standard itself are presented. A short excursus to the history of the origin and development of the system of standardization in general and technical regulation in construction since the days of ancient Egypt and Rome is given. Also the time of the origin of building norms and rules in Kievan Rus is designated. Examples of the first sources of standards and technical requirements in Russia and the world are given. The moment when the first efforts on standardization and technical regulation in Russia in the field of industry at the state level were made was marked. The first documents on standardization and technical regulation in construction, published in Russia, which were the decrees of Peter I on the construction of standard houses, are indicated. The “Building regulation for construction works” approved by the Russian government in 1869 is also mentioned. Further the history of development of standardization and technical regulation is revealed already in the modern history, in the Soviet era, at first by adaptation of norms of Tsar Russia, and then by development of new system of standardization and technical regulation. The adoption of the law on standardization in 1993 is considered to be the starting point of the modern history of standardization in Russia. The current system of standardization and technical regulation dates back to the adoption of the law “On technical regulation” in 2002. The history of development of modern system of standardization and technical regulation on the basis of the Federal center of standardization created in 1996 is given. In conclusion, the article assesses the current state of affairs and forecasts the further positive development of standardization and technical regulation in Russia.

A.A. PARFENOV¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.A. SIVAKOVA¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.A. YARMOLENKO², Master student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ JSC “Design-Technological Bureau of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete” (JSC “KTB RC”) (Bldg. 15A, 6, 2-nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)
² Russian Open Academy of Transport of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT) (Build. 1, 22/2, Chasovaya Street, 125315, Moscow, Russian Federation)

1. Dimov Yu.V. Metrologiya, standartizatsiya, sertifikatsiya 2-e izd. [Metrology, standardization, certification. 2-nd ed.]. Mir: Piter, 2005. 432 p.
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3. Federal Law “On Technical Regulation” dated December 27, 2002. N 184-FZ (latest edition). Moscow Kremlin. (In Russian).
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The article is devoted to the assessment of the quality of wheel coupling of a moving car with the road surface. Methods for determining the coupling coefficient, calculation formulas, as well as factors affecting its decrease or increase are considered. The analysis of the coupling qualities of the road surfaces under different conditions is made. The methods that make it possible to increase the surface roughness of the road surface, and then keep it for a long time are considered. The review of foreign experience in increasing the coupling coefficient on highways is given. The comparison of road surfaces made of cement concrete and asphalt concrete in terms of their coupling qualities and related road-traffic safety is carried out. The advantage of cement-concrete pavements compared to asphalt-concrete, due to their durability and resistance to the formation of potholes, ruts and waves, is proved. The proposals for greater use of cement-concrete pavements when constructing highways are presented.

A.V. KOROCHKIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) (64, Leningradsky Avenue, Moscow, 125319, Russian Federation)

1. Sil’yanov V.V., Domke E.R.Transportno-ekspluatatsionnye kachestva avtomobil’nykh dorog i gorodskikh ulits. 2-e izd [Transport and performance of highways and city streets. 2^nd ed.]. Moscow: Publishing Center «Akademiya». 2008. 352 p.
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4. Mangushev A.V. The coefficient of adhesion of the road surface with the wheel of the car. 2017. https://ceiis. mos.ru/presscenter/news/detail/5767103.html
5. Evtyukov S.A.Influence of factors on coupling qualities of coverings of highways. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2012. No. 3, p. 97. (In Russian).
6. Vinogradov A.P., Ivanov V.N., Kozlov G.N. Prodlenie ekspluatatsionnogo resursa pokrytii avtomobil’nykh dorog i aerodromov [Extension of the service life of road and airfield pavements]. Moscow: AO «Irmast-Kholding». 2001. 170 p.
7. Korochkin A.V. Determination of the estimated life of hard pavement with asphalt concrete pavement. Dorogi i mosty. 2018. Vol. 39/1, pp. 24–27. (In Russian).
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12. Jacobson M.Ya., Kuznetsova A.A., Vvedenskaya A.S. Relevance and prospects for the use of cement concrete in road construction. Sistemnye tekhnologii. 2016. No. 1 (18), pp. 132–139. (In Russian).
13. Afinogenov O.P., Dureeva A.Yu., Kuz’min V.V. On the issue of quality assurance of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete. Molodoi uchenyi. 2012. No. 4, pp. 18–20. (In Russian).
14. Savchenko E.T., Maksin M.O. Analysis of the feasibility of the construction of asphalt and cement concrete road pavements. Molodoi uchenyi. 2016. No. 21, pp. 204–207. (In Russian).

A promising building material for bearing structures of buildings and structures is disperse-reinforced concretes (fiber concrete), having improved deformation characteristics, increased dynamic strength and lowered crack resistance. There are studies on the operation characteristics of disperse-reinforced concretes, where metal wire, glass fiber, polymer and basalt fibers were used as fiber. The possibility of using secondary raw materials as a fiber in the form of waste of mineral wool heat insulator based on basalt rocks remains understudied. The results of the studies conducted by the authors to assess the effect of fiber (BF) from waste of mineral wool insulator on the physical and mechanical properties of heavy fine concrete showed that the introduction of basalt fiber from secondary mineral wool raw materials into the concrete mixture in an amount of 1% of the cement mass makes it possibleto increase the bending strength by 34%, at the same time, there was a slight increase in the compressive strength by 10%, compared with the control samples. The results of the study of the microstructure of cement stone showed that in the samples reinforced with fiber from secondary mineral wool, a homogeneous, dense contact zone at the fiber/matrix boundary is formed due to the uniform distribution of the fiber in the volume of concrete. The field of application of secondary mineral wool raw material as a reinforcing additive when producing concrete structures subjected to dynamic loads is substantiated.

O.V. DEMYANENKO, Research Teacher (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.O. KOPANITSA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.A. SOROKINA, Master (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.N. NICHINSKY, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building (2, Solyanaya Square, 634003, Tomsk, Russian Federation)

1. Копаница Н.О., Саркисов Ю.С., Демьяненко О.В. Применение нанодисперсного кремнезема в производстве строительных смесей // Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. 2016. № 5 (58). С. 140–150.
1. Kopanitsa N.O., Sarkisov Yu.S., Dem’yanenko O.V. Use of nanodisperse silicon dioxide in production of construction mixes. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2016. No. 5 (58), pp. 140–150. (In Russian).
2. Космачев П.В., Демьяненко О.В., Копаница Н.О., Скрипникова Н.К., Власов В.А. Композиционные материалы на основе цемента с нанодисперсным диоксидом кремния // Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. 2017. № 4 (63). С. 139–146.
2. Kosmachev P.V., Dem’yanenko O.V., Kopanitsa N.O., Skripnikova N.K., Vlasov V.A. Composite materials on the basis of cement with nanodisperse dioxide of silicon. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2017. No. 4 (63), pp. 139–146. (In Russian).
3. Abu-Obaida A., El-Ariss B., El-Maaddawy T. Behavior of short-span concrete members internally reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars. Journal of Composites for Construction. Vol. 22. Iss. 5 (October 2018) https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE) CC.1943-5614.0000877
4. Demyanenko O.V., Kopanitsa N.O., Sarkisov Y.S., Abzaev Y.A., Ikonnikova K.V., Ikonnikova L.F. Quantitative phase analysis of modified hardened cement paste. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017. Vol. 8. Iss. 9. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/87/9/092008
5. Ionov V.V., Larionov S.A., Sarkisov Y.S., Kopanica N.O., Gorchkova A.V., Gorlenko N.P., Ikonnikova K.V. Tribological properties of hydraulic fluids modified by peat-based additives. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017. Vol. 177. Iss. 1. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1088/1757-899X/177/1/012108
6. Shin H.O., Lee S.J., Yoo D.Y. Bond behavior ofpretensioned strand embedded in ultra-highperformance fiber-reinforced concrete. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 2018. No. 12 (1), pp. 1–13 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-018-0249-4
7. Каспер Е.А., Бочкарева О.С. Мелкозернистые бетоны, дисперсно-армированные базальтовой фиброй // Системы. Методы. Технологии. 2015.№ 1 (25). С. 135–138.
7. Kasper E.A., Bochkareva O.S. The fine-grained concrete reinforced by a disperse basalt fiber. Sistemy. Metody. Tekhnologii. 2015. No. 1 (25), pp. 135–138. (In Russian).
8. Xie J., Fang Ch., Lu Zh. Effects of the addition of silica fume and rubber particles on the compressive behavior of recycled aggregate concrete with steel fibers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018. Vol. 197. Part 1, pp. 656–667 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.237
9. Ferrara L., Park Y.D., Shah Surendra P. A method for mix-design of fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete. Cement and concrete research. 2007. Vol. 37. Iss. 6, pp. 957–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.03.014
10. Rybin V.A., Utkin А.V., Baklanova N.I. Corrosion of uncoated and oxide-coated basalt fibre in different alkaline media. Corrosion Science. 2016. Vol. 102, pp. 503–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015. 11.004
11. Bicer K., Yalciner H., Balks A. P. Effect of corrosion on flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams with polypropylene fibers. Construction and building materials. 2018. No. 185, pp. 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.021
12. Рыбин В.А. Физико-химическое исследование базальтового волокна с защитными щелочестойкими покрытиями. Дис. … канд. хим. наук. Новосибирск. 20166. 143 с.
12. Rybin V.A. Physicochemical investigation of basaltic fibre with а protective alkaline steady coating. Diss… Candidate of Science (Engineering). Novosibirsk. 2016. 143 p. (In Russian).
13. Demyanenko O., Sorokina E., Kopanitsa N., Sarkisov Y. Mortars for 3D printing. MATEC Web of Conferences. Vol. 143. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201714302013
14. Gorlenko N.P., Sarkisov Yu.S., Kopanitsa N.O., Sorokina E.A., Gorynin G.L., Nihinskiy A.N. Finegrained concrete fibre-reinforced by secondary mineral wool raw material. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1118. Conference 1. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1742-6596/1118/1/012059
15. Kwan A.K.H., Li L.G. Combined effects of water film thickness and paste film thickness on rheology of mortar. Materials and Structures. 2012. Vol. 45, pp. 1359–1374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9837-y
16. Chen J.J., Kwan A.K.H. Superfine cement for improving packing density, rheology and strength of cement paste. Cement & Concrete Composites. 2012. Vol. 34. No. 1, pp. 1–10. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp. 2011.09.006
17. Wong V., Chan K.W., Kwan A.K.H. Applying theories of particle packing and rheology to concrete for sustainable development. Organization, technology & management in construction: an international journal. 2013. Vol. 5. No. 2, pp. 844–851. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5592/otmcj.2013.2.3
18. Dang C.N., Murray C.D., Floyd R.W., Hale W.M., & Martí-Vargas J.R. A correlation of strand surface quality to transfer length. ACI Structural Journal. 2014.No. 111 (5), pp. 1245–1252.

Biological systems have the ability to sense, react, regulate, grow, regenerate, and heal. Recent advances in materials chemistry and micro and nano scale fabrication techniques have enabled biologically inspired materials systems that mimic many of these remarkable functions. Intelligent or smart materials, which may combine the functions of sensor, rely on their capabilities to respond to physical, chemical, or mechanical stimuli by developing readable signals. There are huge developments that aim to bring much functionality to polymer-coating systems with nanotechnology. This research will cover recent advances in the field of smart polymeric structures that are used in protective coatings in terms of stimulus and response, sensing mechanisms, and current or potential applications. Self-cleaning surfaces have excelled in recent years in energy and environmental fields. The development and application of self-cleaning treatments on historical and architectural stone surfaces could be a significant improvement in conservation, protection and maintenance however corrosion-resistant self-healing coatings have witnessed strong growth and their successful laboratory design and synthesis categories them in the family of smart/multi-functional materials. This research will present a comparative feasibility study between self-cleaning coatings and ordinary coatings to see which one could be more feasible and reduce the annual cost on the long run.

ABDEL AZIZ F MOHAMED¹, Assistant Professor, Head of Architectural Engineering Department (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
AMR A ELHAMY², Assistant Lecturer
NADA M EL ARABY², Assistant Lecturer

¹ Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT) South Valley Branch (Aswan, Egypt)
² Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT) (Alexandria, Egypt)

1. Definition of Smart Coatings. Corrosionpedia. 2017. https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/5965/self-curing-coating (Date of access 10.9.2017).
2. Arceneaux J.N. Smart, Functional, & Protective: The Future of Coatings’ Technology. 2013. https://www.uvebwest.com/presentations/Smart%20Functional%20&%20Protective%20-%20The%20Future%20of%20Coatings%20Technology.pdf (Date of access 10.9.2017).
3. Lux Research, Inc., 2015. Smart Coatings Could Open the Way to More Dynamic Products.
4. International Group of Modern Coatings (IGMC). MIDO Coatings. 2017. http://www.midoco.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Mido-Gravito-401.pdf. (Date of access 18.9.2017)
5. Feng W., Patel S.H., Young M-Y., Zunino J.L., Xanthos M. Smart polymeric coatings—recent advances. Advances in Polymer Technology. 2007. Vol. 26, Iss. 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.20083
6. Samadzadeh M. and all. A review on self-healing coatings based on micro/nanocapsules. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2010. Vol. 68 (3). DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.01.006
7. Hirsch M. Smart Coatings: Self-Healing, Anti-Fouling & Sensing Material Developments. 2016. https://knowledge.ulprospector.com/3657/pc-smart-coatings/ (date of access 5.9.2017).
8. Clingerman M. Smart Coatings: Definitions and Opportunities. 2014. http://www.pcimag.com/articles/98925-smart-coatings (date of access1.9.2017).
9. Self-cleaning, anti-mold transparent protective photocatalyst coatings. Green Earth Nano Science Inc., 2016. http://www.mchnanosolutions.com/self-cleaning.html (Date of access 29.8.2017).

The article deals with the case of geotechnical practice of strengthening the overloaded base of reinforced concrete foundation slab of a 25-storey residential building at the construction stage. Combined ground piles, consisting of ground-concrete piles Get (type 1) reinforced along the longitudinal axis with bored-injection piles produced according to the electric discharge technology (piles EDT) are used as buried structures. This method of arrangement of the combined buried reinforced concrete structure is due to the need to increase the bearing capacity of the Get pile according to the ground twice or more. The plans and sections of ground concrete piles, which are designed 14–19 meter length with a bearing capacity according to the ground from 1100 kN to 1500 kN are presented. At this the factor of reserve of the bearing capacity of the strengthened base is K=1.4.

N.S. SOKOLOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor, Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ OOO NPF «FORST» (109a, ul. Kalinina, 428000, Cheboksary, Russian Federation)
² I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University (15, Moskovskiy Driveway, Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation)

1. Ilyichev V.A., Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Experience in the development of the underground space of Russian megacities. Bases, foundations and soil mechanics. 2012. No. 2, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
2. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Geotechnical support of urban development. Saint Petersburg: Georeconstructia, 2010. 551 p.
3. Ilichev V.A., Konovalov P.A., Nikiforova N.S., Bulgakov L.A. Deformations of the Retaining Structures Upon Deep Excavations in Moscow. Proc. of Fifth Int. Conf. on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, April 3–17, New York, 2004, pp. 5–24.
4. Ilyichev V.A., Nikiforova N.S., Koreneva E.B. Computing the evaluation of deformations of the buildings located near deep foundation tranches. Proc. of the XVIth European conf. on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Madrid, Spain, 24–27th September 2007 «Geo-technical Engineering in urban Environments». Vol. 2, pp. 581–585.
5. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. Geotechnical cut-off diaphragms for built-up area protection in urban underground development. Papers of the 7th International Symposium “Geotechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground», 16–18 May, 2011. tc28 IS Roma, AGI, 2011, № 157NIK.
6. Nikiforova N.S., Vnukov D.A. The use of cut off of different types as a protection measure for existing buildings at the nearby underground pipelines installation. Proceedings. of Int. Geotech. Conf. dedicated to the Year of Russia in Kazakhstan. Almaty, Kazakhstan, 23–25 September 2004, pp. 338–342.
7. Petrukhin V.P., Shuljatjev O.A., Mozgacheva O.A. Effect of geotechnical work on settlement of surrounding buildings at underground construction. Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Prague, 2003.
8. Triantafyllidis Th., Schafer R. Impact of diaphragm wall construction on the stress state in soft ground and serviceability of adjacent foundations. Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Madrid, Spain, 22–27 September 2007. Vol. 2, pp. 683–688.
9. Sokolov N.S., Sokolov A.N., Sokolov S.N., Glushkov V.E., Glushkov A.E. Calculation of flight augering piles of high bearing capacity. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 20–26. (In Russian).
10. Sokolov N.S. The foundation of the increased load-bearing capacity with the use of flight augering piles-ERT with multiplies broadening. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 9, pp. 25–29. (In Russian).
11. Sokolov N.S., Viktorova S.S Research and development of a discharge device for the production of a flight augering pile. Construction: New technologies – New equipment. 2017. No. 12, pp. 38–43. (In Russian).
12. Nikolay Sokolov, Sergey Ezhov, Svetlana Ezhova. Preserving the natural landscape on the construction site for a sustainable ecosystem. Journal of applied engineering science. 15 (2017) 4, 482, pp. 518–523. (In Russian).
13. Sokolov N.S. Electroimpulse installation for the production of flight augering piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 62–66. (In Russian).
14. Sokolov N.S. One of approaches to solve the problem of increasing the bearing capacity of bored piles. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 5, pp. 44–47. (In Russian).

Radon and its progenies form a large part of the annual individual radiation dose of the population in countries with a temperate climate, at this practically almost all radon enters the building from the soil at its base. Modern construction technologies make it possible to ensure the radon safety of residential and public buildings according to the soils with different radium contents. However, the laws of radon transfer in the soil and construction materials are not fully understood now. Therefore there are no reliable methods for the design calculation of radon-protective ability of the underground enclosing structures. As a result, the buildings with excessive or insufficient radon-protection characteristics take into exploitation, which leads to an unjustified increase in costs for construction and reconstruction. The paper proposes an approach to ensuring acceptable radon levels in rooms based on determining the required resistance of horizontal underground enclosing structures to radon penetration according to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil on the planned construction site.

I.L. SHUBIN¹, Corresponding Member of RAACS, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Director(This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.V. BAKAEVA², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.V. KALAYDO¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
A.V. SKRYNNIKOVA², Master

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Southwest State University (94, 50-let Oktyabrya Street, Kursk, 305040, Russian Federation)

1. Scott A.G. Modeling radon sources and ingress. The 1993 International Radon Conference. 1993. Vol. IV, рp. 66–74.
2. Sundal A.V., Jensen C.L., Ånestad K., Strand T. Anomalously high radon concentrations in dwellings located on permeable glacial sediments. Radiol Prot. 2007. No. 27, pp. 1–12.
3. Synnott H., Fenton D. An Evaluation of Radon Mapping. Techniques in Europe. Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland. 2005. 27 p.
4. Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99): Hygienic standards SP 2.6.1.758–99. Мoscow: Center for sanitary and epidemiological regulation of hygienic certification and expertise of the Ministry of Health of Russia. 1999. 116 p.
5. Gulabiants L.A. Incidents of regulatory and methodological support of radiation safety of buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2010. No. 5, pp. 63. (In Russian).
6. Gulabiants L.A. The principle of the new design standards development for buildings anti-radon protection. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2009. No. 5, pp. 461–467. (In Russian).
7. Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B., Dorozhko A.L., Makeev V.M. Principles for assessing the potential radon danger of territories at the pre-design construction stages. Materials of the annual session of the RAS Scientific Council on the problems of geo-ecology, engineering geology and hydrogeology. 2012, pp. 350–355.
8. Miklyaev P.S., Petrova T.B. Problems of assessment and mapping of geogenic radon potential. Materials of the X International Scientific and Practical Conference on the reduction of natural hazards and risks. 2018, pp. 87–92.
9. Miklyaev P.S. “WHAT TO DO?” Or “radon crisis” in radiation surveys. ANRI: Instruments and Radiation Measurement News. 2005. No. 3(42), pp. 60–64. (In Russian).
10. Jelle B.P. Development of model for radon concentration in indoor air. Science of the Total Environment. 2012. No. 416, pp. 343–350.
11. Yarmoshenko I.V. Radon as a factor of irradiation of the Russia population. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: chelovek, region, tekhnologii. 2017. No. 2(18), pp. 108–116. (In Russian).
12. Wang F., Ward I.C. The development of a radon entry model for a house with a cellar. Building and Environment. 2000. No. 35, pp. 615–631.
13. Gulabiants L.A. Posobie po proektirovaniyu protivoradonovoi zashchity zhilykh i obshchestvennykh zdanii [Manual on the design of antiradon protection of residential and public buildings]. Moscow: FAN-NAUKA, 2013. 52 p.

Acoustic and dynamic characteristics of perspective elastomeric building materials based on NBR rubber of K-FONIK type are considered. As a result of the conducted complex of studies of elastomeric materials, which are based on different types of rubbers, new data on their sound-insulating, sound-absorbing and dynamic characteristics are obtained. The data obtained make it possible to determine the possible limits of practical application of the studied materials. It is established that elastomers obtained on the basis of NBR rubber can be effectively used as sound-insulating coatings of air ducts and pipelines for various purposes, in aerodynamic noise silencers, as well as in vibration-insulating structures and vibration damping elements. The obtained results make it possible to evaluate at the design stage the acoustic efficiency of the accepted structural solutions aimed at improving the sound insulation of the walls of air ducts and pipelines, as well as in other structural elements, which are used elastomeric building materials of K-FONIK type. The results of studies of currently developed elastomeric materials show a wide range of their possible applications as sound insulation structures. It will allow designers to make purposeful development of new constructive solutions, proceeding not only from requirements of providing sound insulation, but also from economic requirements. The data obtained can be useful for developers of these types of materials in order to expand their application in construction practice.

V.P. GUSEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.A. ZHOGOLEVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.I. LEDENEV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.V. SIDORINA³, Head of the direction «Sound insulation materials» (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of RAAСS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² Tambov State Technical University (106, Sovetskaya Street, Tambov, 392000, Russian Federation)
³ ООО «K-FLEX» (1A, Proletarian Driveway, Istra District, Moscow Region, Rumyantsevo Village, 143560, Russian Federation)

1. Gusev V.P., Sidorina A.V. Protection against noise of drainage systems for residential and public buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 11, pp. 12–15. (In Russian).
2. Gusev V.P., Sidorina A.V. Insulation of noise of ventilation systems air ducts with coatings made of elastomeric and fibrous materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 37–40. (In Russian).
3. Gusev V.P., Leshko M.Yu., Sidorina A.V. Protection against airborne sound of ventilation equipment with enclosures and soundproof coatings. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noj tekhniki. 2016. No. 6 (982), pp. 12–14. (In Russian).
4. Gusev V.P. Ledenev V.I. Designing optimal protection from noise exposure of HVAC systems in office buildings of textile and light industry enterprises. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noj promyshlennosti. 2016. No. 4, pp. 146–152. (In Russian).
5. Shashkova L.E., Kochkin A.A., Shubin I.L. Improving the sound insulation of enclosing structures with the use of vibration-damped elements. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noj tekhniki. 2018. No. 6 (1006), pp. 26–27. (In Russian).
6. Monich D.V., SHCHyogolev D.L. Improving the environmental safety of buildings through the use of noise protection measures. Privolzhskij nauchnyj zhurnal. 2009. No. 4 (12), pp. 190–195. (In Russian).
7. Gusev V.P. Acoustic calculation as the basis for designing a low-noise ventilation system (air conditioning). АВОК. 2006. No. 6, pp. 60–66. (In Russian).
8. Gusev V.P. Improving the accuracy of acoustic calculations of engineering systems. АВОК. 2011. No. 3, pp. 64–68.
9. Gusev V.P., Sidorina A.V. Acousticc investigations of insulation on piping air and gas sistems. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 59–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-749-6-59-62 (In Russian).
10. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Solomatin E.O., Shubin I.L. The Сalculation of noise when designing soundproofed compartment technological equipment. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 39-41. (In Russian).
11. Shubin I.L., Kochkin N.A. To the calculation of the sound insulation of the fence during the reconstruction of buildings using layered vibro-damped elements. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noj promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 236–241. (In Russian).
12. Gusev V.P., Sidorina A.V. Аcoustic сharacteristics of сoatings for ducts and process pipes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 35–38. (In Russian).
13. Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Gusev V.P. Comparative analysis of the calculated and measured values of the additional sound insulation of air ducts made of porous material FLEX-ST. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstrukciya. 2018. No. 4 (78), pp. 76–83. (In Russian).
14. Gusev V.P., Antonov A.I., Ledenev V.I., Sidorina A.V. Calculation of additional sound insulation of air ducts when multi-layer claddings are mounted on them. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noj promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3(375), pp. 202–207. (In Russian).
15. Gusev V.P., Zhogoleva O.A., Ledenev V.I. Sound insulation design in buildings with suspended ceilings for technological purposes. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstrukciya. 2017. No. 3 (71), pp. 49–57. (In Russian).
16. Gusev V.P., Ledenev V.I., SHubin I.L. Optimum environmental protection from noise exposure to HVAC equipment. Biosfernaya sovmestimost’: chelovek, region, tekhnologii. 2014. No. 3 (7), pp. 32–42. (In Russian).

The aim of research, the results of which are presented in the article, was to study the properties of polyethylene foam and the possibilities of creating insulating shells within the scope of frameless and framed constructions of various applications: production halls, warehouses, agricultural storages, livestock housing, covered parking lots, sports and cultural facilities. A comparative analysis of possible heat-insulating, water- and vapour-proof materials for an insulating membrane has established the reasonability of using polyethylene foam rolls fixed with the help of an adhesive method on the external surfaces of internal walls. The performed tests have revealed that the longitudinal tensile strength of the polyethylene foam products with a metallized coating is 80–92 kPa, without a metallized coating – 80–87 kPa, and 29–32 kPa of the weld seam. It has been established that the values of diffusion moisture absorption of polyethylene foam with an average density of 18–20 kg/m³ amounts to 0.44 kg/m² without a metallized coating and 0.37 kg/m² with a metallized coating; water absorption after partial immersion in water for 24 hours is equal to 0.013 kg/m²; water absorption by volume after complete water immersion for 28 days amounts to 0.96%. The material practically does not change its properties under cooling up to minus 60^оC and under conditions of long-term alternating temperature changes. It was confirmed that the possibility of obtaining a seamless joint during the installation process significantly increases the heat-protection properties of the insulating coating by means of minimizing cold bridges and eliminating leakages when connecting separate insulating elements and on the abutment surfaces of the structures.

А.D. ZHUKOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
К.А. TER-ZAKARYAN², Director
I.V. BESSONOV³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.А LOBANOV³, Chief of Laboratory (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
А.V. STAROSTIN³, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² LLC TEPOFOL (3, Shcherbakovskaya Street, Moscow, 105318, Russian Federation)
³ Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Umnyakova N.P., Tsygankov V.M., Kuzmin V.A. Experimental heat engineering research for the rational design of wall structures with reflective heat insulation. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
2. Zhukov A.D., Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Bessonov I.V., Semenov V.S., Starostin A.V. Insulation systems for frame cottages. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 1, pp. 122–127. (In Russian).
3. Ivanov N.A. The main directions of prospects for the development of housing construction at the local level. Moskovskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal. 2018. No. 4, pp. 65–74. (In Russian).
4. Semenov V.S., Rozovskaya T.A., Gubsky A.Yu. Prospects for the use of secondary polyester fibers for the production of heat and sound insulation materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 6, pp. 21–24. (In Russian).
5. Zhuk P.M., Zhukov A.D. The regulatory legal framework for the environmental assessment of construction materials: prospects for improvement. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii. 2018. No. 4, pp. 52–57. (In Russian).
6. Gnip I.J., Kerulis V.J., Vaitkus S.J. Analytical description of the creep of expanded polystyrene under compressive loading. Mechanics of Composite materials. 2005. No. 41 (4), pp. 357–364.
7. Fedyuk R.S., Mochalov A.V., Simonov V.A. Trends in the development of standards for thermal protection of buildings in Russia. Vestnik inzhenernyi shkoly DVFU. 2012. No. 2 (11), pp. 39–44. (In Russian).
8. Bessonov I.V., Zhukov A.D., Bobrova E.Yu. Construction systems and features of the use of thermal insulation materials. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 7, pр. 49–52. (In Russian).
9. Patent RF 2645190. Zamkovaya tekhnologiya teploizolyatsionnogo materiala dlya besshovnoi svarki soedinitel’nykh zamkov [Castle technology of heat-insulating material for seamless welding of connecting locks]. Ter-Zakaryan K.A. Declared 26.09.2016. Published 16.02.2018. Bulletin No. 5. (In Russian).
10. Zhukov A.D., Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Bessonov I.V., Semenov V.S., Starostin A.V. Systems of building insulation with the use of polyethylene.Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 9, pp. 58–61. (In Russian) DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-763-9-58-61
11. Zhukov A.D., Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Semenov V.S. Insulation systems with the expanded polyethylene application. ScienceDirect IFAC PaperOnLine Vol. 51, Issue 30, 2018, pp. 803–807. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.191
12. Zhukov A.D., Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Semenov V.S., Kozlov S.D., Zinovieva E.A. and Fomina E.D. Insulation systems for buildings and structures based on polyethylene foam. МГСУ. IPICSE. Published online: 14 December 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825101014
13. Zhukov A., Dovydenko T., Kozlov S., Ter-Zakaryan K., Bobrova Е. Innovative tech-nologies for low-rise construction. 02032. Published online: 02 April 2019. TPACEE 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199102032
14. Zhukov A., Ter-Zakaryan A., Bobrova E., Bessonov I., Medvedev A., Mukha-metzyanov V. and Poserenin A. Evaluation of thermal properties of insulation systems in pitched roofs. 02047. Published online: 02 April 2019. TPACEE 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199102047

The aim of the article is to develop the calculated parameters of the floors on the ground, consistent with the use of traditional methods of calculating heat loss “by zones” for two modern designs of thermal protection for different types of soils. The result is achieved by calculating the unsteady annual thermal regime of the soil together with the structures of the building lying on the ground. The calculation is performed by the finite difference method. For modeling of long-term two-dimensional temperature field of soil and creation of initial temperature conditions close to average long-term conditions, at first, the calculation of the annual thermal regime of the soil together with the construction of the building was carried out according to the climatic data of the average “typical” year, and then the temperature field changing during the year according to the calculated “standard” year was calculated. The article deals with the problem of heat insulation of the underground part of the socle wall and the outer surface of the earth filling under the building at different resistance of heat insulation to heat transfer, the height of the filling under the floor and the types of soil. The value of the heat loss of the floor via the ground is influenced by all the factors considered: the resistance of heat insulation to heat transfer, the depth of heat insulation of the wall, the height of the earth filling under the building, the type of soil on which the building stands.

E.G. MALYAVINA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.A. GNEZDILOVA¹, Engineer
Yu.N. LEVINA², Research Scientist

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Ashrae Handbook: Fundamentals. 2016
2. Duan X., Naterer G.F. Heat Transfer in a tower foundation with ground surface insulation and periodic freezing and thawing. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2010. Vol. 53. No. 11–12, pp. 2369–2376.
3. ISO 13330: 2007. Thermal Performance of Buildings—Heat Transfer via The Ground—Calculation Methods / ISO 13330: 2007.
4. Jin M., Liang S. An Improved Land Surface Emissivity Parameter for Land Surface Models Using Global Remote Sensing Observations. Climate. 2006. Vol. 19, pp. 2867–2881.
5. Ashe B.M. Otoplenie i ventilyatsiya [Heating and Ventilation]. Mocsow-Leningrad: Gosstroyizdat. 1939. 614 p.
6. Vlasov O.E. Osnovy stroitel’noi teplotekhniki [Basics of Constructional Heat Technology]. Moscow: VIA. 1938. 94 p.
7. Machinkiy V.D. Teploperedacha v stroitel’stve [Heat Transfer in Construction]. Mocsow: Gosstroyizdat. 1939. 343 p.
8. Kulzhinskiy Yu.I. Opredelenie teplopoter’ cherez ograzhdayushchie konstruktsii podzemnykh sooruzhenii [Calculation of Heat Loss through Enclosing Structures of Underground Construstions]. Moscow: VIA. 1960. 64 p.
9. Dyachek P.I., Makarevich S.A., Livanskiy D.G. Ground Temperature Array Formation Close to Buildings and Constructions. Plumbing, Heating, Air-Conditioning, Energy Conservation. 2016. No. 11, pp. 60–65. (In Russian).
10. Okunev A.Yu., Sotnikov A.Yu, Levin E.V. Methods for Calculation of Heat Losses through Foundations of Buildings and Structures. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 6, pp. 25–28. (In Russian).
11. Sotnikov A.G. Thermophysical Calculation of Heat Loss of Underground Parts of Buildings. AVOK. 2010. No. 8, pp. 62–67. (In Russian).
12. Samarin O.D. Substantion of the Simplified Method of Determining Heat Losses throught Underground Parts of Building Enclosures. Vestnik MGSU. 2016. No. 1, pp. 118–125. (In Russian).
13. Malyavina E.G., Ivanov D.S Definition of Heat Loss for Underground Part of a Building by Calculation of Three-Dimensional Soil Temperature Pattern. Vestnik MGSU. 2011. No. 7, pp. 209—215. (In Russian).
14. Malyavina E.G., Gnezdilova E.A., Levina U.N. Heat Loss Calulation through Slab-On-Ground Floors in Buildings with Modern Methods of Thermal Protection. BST. 2019, No. 6. (In print). (In Russian).
15. Gagarin V.G., Malyavina E.G., Ivanov D.S. Development of Climate Data as a Specific “Reference Year”. Vestnik VolgGASU. 2013. No. 31 (50),. Vol. 1: Russian Cities, pp. 343–349. (In Russian).
16. Malyavina E.G., Ivanov D.S Development of the Design Reference Year for Calculation of Heat Loss through Underground Part of Buildings. Trudy Glavnoi geofizicheskoi observatorii imeni A.I. Voeikova. 2014. No. 571, pp. 182—191. (In Russian).