The efficiency of materials used for the arrangement of interior and inter-apartment partitions used in modern construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed. Environmental and fire safety, as well as sound insulation properties of partition materials and products are accepted as criteria. It is shown that currently used foamed polystyrene concrete panels are technologically advanced in the installation of partitions, but do not quite meet the environmental and fire safety requirements. Partitions made of plasterboard sheets do not provide sufficient sound insulation in the interior space. One of the effective options is the arrangement of interior partitions from foam gypsum strip panels, in which functional requirements for materials in combination with economic benefits for construction organizations are the most fully provided. With a material thickness of 100 mm, the required sound insulation level of 41 dB for residential houses of category B and B regulated by the relevant interstate standard is achieved. The results of research on the development of technology of foamed gypsum strip panels with an average density of 600–800 kg/m³ are presented. It is established that the acceptable strength corresponding to the class of compressive strength B2 is achieved with the gypsum binder of G-5 grade at a material density of 800 kg/m³, with the binder of G-13grade – at a density of 700 kg/m³. To increase the bending strength of the material, cellulose and propylene fibers were used, the introduction of which in an amount of 0.2–0.4% increases the bending strength to 2.6–2.8 MPa. The introduction of finely ground gypsum stone provides a sharp increase in the rate of strength gain: after 25–30 minutes, the strength reaches 1.5–1.7 MPa, while similar strength samples without additives gain after 50–60 minutes. Thus, studies have shown the possibility of organizing the production of strip gypsum panels based on foamed gypsum. For introduction of technology of foamed gypsum panels in manufacture it is necessary to conduct tests of materials of natural size in order to set a minimum value of bending strength sufficient for demolding and transportation of the panels and also identify the equipment for preparation of foamed gypsum mixture

M.S. SADUAKASOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
B.M. SHOYBEKOV¹, Engineer
G.G. TOKMADZHESVILI¹, Architect
M.A. ERMUKHANBET¹, Master
T.B. MEYRKHANOV², Student

¹ Constructions materials research and design institute (152/6, Radostovsia Street, Almaty, 050060, Republic of Kazakhstan)
² Nazarbayev University (53, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Nur-Sultan city, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan)

1. Buryanov A.F. Effective gypsum materials for the installation of interior partitions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 8, pp. 30–32 (In Russian).
2. Goncharov Yu.A., Dubrovina G.G., Gubskaya A.G., Buryanov A.F. Gipsovye materialy i izdeliya novogo pokoleniya: otsenka energoeffektivnosti [New generation plaster materials and products: energy efficiency assessment]. Minsk: Kolorgrad. 2016. 333 p.
3. Bessonov I.B., Yalunina O.V. Environmental aspects of the use of gypsum building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2004. No. 4, pp. 11–13 (In Russian).
4. Viteska M., Hummel’ H.-U., Ditch S., Fisher H.-B. Assessment of fire resistance of gypsum sheets. Stroitel’nye materialy, oborudovanie, tehnologii XXI veka. 2012. No. 12, pp. 22–25 (In Russian).
5. Shubin I.L., Aistov V.A., Porozchenko M.A. Sound insulation of enclosing structures in high-rise buildings. Requirements and methods of support. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 33–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-33-43 (In Russian).
6. Goncharov Yu.A., Dubrovina G.G., Shypko S.D. Provision of required acoustic condition in premises due to the use of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 31–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-31-35 (In Russian).
7. Bryukner Kh., Deiler Ye., Fitch G. i dr. Gips. Izgotovleniye i primenenie gipsovykh stoitel’nykh materialov. Per. s nem. V.F. Goncharova, V.V. Ivanitskogo, V.B.Ratinova. Pod red. V.B.Ratinova. [Gypsum. Production and use of gypsum building materials. Trans. from German Goncharov V.F., Ivanitskiy V.V., Ratinov V.B. Edited by Ratinov V.B.]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1981. 223 p.
8. Merkin A.P., Kobidze T.E. Features of the structure and fundamentals of the technology for producing effective foam concrete materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 1988. No. 3, pp. 16–18 (In Russian).
9. Patent KR 33909. Ustroistvo dlya nepreryvnogo prigotovleniya penogipsovoy smesi [Device for continuously preparing foamed gypsum mixtures]. Saduakasov M., Shoibekov B., Tokmadzheshvili G. Declared 18.01.2018. Registered 17.09.2019.
10. Klyuev S.V., Klyuev A.V., Abakarov A.D., Shorstova E.S., Gafarova N.G. The effect of particulate reinforcement on strength and deformation characteristics of fine-grained concrete. Journal of Civil Engineering. 2017. No. 7 (75), pp. 66–75.
11. Kalashnikov V.I., Ananyev S.V. High-strength and especially high-strength concretes with disperse reinforcement Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 6, pp. 59–61. (In Russian).
12. Saraykina K.A., Shamanov V.A. Dispersed concrete reinforcement. Vestnik Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Urbanistika. 2011. No. 2 (2), pp. 70–75. (In Russian).
13. Popov A.L., Nelyubova V.V., Bezrodnykh A.A. To the question of the modification of cellular concrete autoclave hardening with mineral fibers. In the book: Innovative materials and technologies in design Abstracts of the IV All-Russian scientific and practical conference with the participation of young scientists. 2018, pp. 25–26. (In Russian).
14. Nizina T.A., Balykov A.S., Volodin V.V., Korovkin D.I. Fiber fine-grained concretes with polyfunctional modifying additives. Journal of Civil Engineering 2017. No. 4 (72), pp. 73–83.
15. Gipsovye materialy i izdeliya (proizvodstvo i primeneniye). Pod red. A.V. Ferronskoy [Plaster materials and products (production and use). Edited by Ferronskaya A.V.]. Moscow: ACB. 2004. 488 p.
16. Saduakassov M.S. Effect of CaSO4∙2H2O on the structure formation and strength of foam gypsum. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 1990. No. 1, pp. 22–23 (In Russian).

Without reducing the importance of numerous studies on the development of water-resistant gypsum-pozzolan binders, it should be noted that their production is mainly achieved with an increased content of Portland cement and active mineral additives in the mixture, in some cases – the use of gypsum with high strength. In this regard, of interest are the studies aimed at the development of water-resistant gypsum-pozzolan binder based on low-grade gypsum with a reduced content of Portland cement and active mineral additives, the hydration of which will provide conditions for the formation of stable structures. Some issues related to the study of the features of structure formation of such systems continue to be poorly studied. The objectives are achieved through the use of active mineral additives with high hydraulic activity, as well as multifunctional complex additives. The research carried out made it possible to establish influence of a complex of mineral and chemical additives on processes of hydration and structure formation of gypsum-cement-pozzolan stone, its limits of durability and water resistance, and also water demand of a mix.

A.R. GALAUTDINOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
R.Kh. MUKHAMETRAKHIMOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1, Zelenaya street, Kazan, 420043, Russian Federation)

1. Yunusova Z.A., Polyakova I.V., Asyanova V.S., Babkov V.V., Lomakina L.N. Development of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder based on gypsum and gypsum production waste. Problems of the building complex of Russia. Proceedings of the XVIth International Scientific and Technical Conference. Ufa. 2012, pp. 34–37. (In Russian).
2. Polak A.F., Babkov V.V., Kapitonov S.M., Anvarov R.A. Structure formation and strength of water-binding combined gypsum systems. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Stroitel’stvo. 1991. No. 8, pp. 60–64. (In Russian).
3. Korovyakov V.F. Plaster binders and their use in construction. Rossiyskiy Khimicheskiy Zhurnal. Khimiya sovremennykh stroitel’nykh materialov. 2003. Vol. XVII. No. 4, pp. 18–25. http://www.chemnet.ru/rus/jvho/2003-4/18.pdf (In Russian).
4. Korovyakov V.F. Theoretical foundations of the creation of composite gypsum binders. ALIT inform: Tsement. Beton. Sukhiye smesi. 2009. No. 6, pp. 92–101. (In Russian).
5. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Kedrova N.G., Nekrasova I.Yu. Effect of active mineral additive in the form of waste from the production of expanded clay on the properties of composite gypsum binder. Improving the efficiency of production and use of gypsum materials and products. Proceedings of the VIIIth International Scientific and Practical Conference. Maykop. 2016, pp. 117–122. (In Russian).
6. Gordina A.F., Yakovlev G.I., Polyansky I.S., Kerene J., Fisher H.B., Rakhimova N.R., Buryanov A.F. Gypsum compositions with complex modifiers of structure. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 1–2, pp. 90–95. (In Russian).
7. Izryadnova O.V, Sychugov S.V., Yakovlev G.I. Polyfunctional additive based on carbon nanotubes and silica fume to improve the physicomechanical characteristics of a gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 63–67. (In Russian).
8. Chumadova L.I., Gureev K.N., Aznabayev A.A., Sulteev T.M., Davydov O.I. Optimizing the composition of the mixture on the basis of GCPV in the production of interior decoration materials. Sovremennoye stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2017. No. 2 (06), pp. 12–14. (In Russian).
9. Khaliullin M.I., Rachimov R.Z., Gayfullin A.R. Influence of a complex modifying additive on the composition, structure and properties of artificial stone on the basis of composite gypsum binder. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2014. No. 3 (29), pp. 148–155. (In Russian).
10. Nuriev M.I., Khaliullin M.I., Rakhimov R.Z., Gayfullin A.R., Hayrvarina A.M., Stoyanov O.V. Influence of plasticizers on the properties of gypums-cement-pozzolan binder. Vestnik Tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2015. Vol. 18. No. 6, pp. 119–122. (In Russian).
11. Chumadova L.I., Gureev K.N., Kurochkin A.S. Glass fiber reinforcement in the production of decorative finishing panels and partitions based on GCPB. APRIORI. Ceriya: Yestestvennyye i tekhnicheskiye nauki. 2017. No. 2. http://apriori-journal.ru/seria2/2-2017/Chumadova-Gureev-Kurochkin1.pdf (In Russian).
12. Volzhensky A.V., Rogovoy M.I., Stambulko V.I. Gipsotsementnyye i gipsoshlakovyye vyazhushchiye veshchestva i izdeliya [Gypsum cement and gypsum slag binders and products]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat. 1960. 162 p.
13. Volzhensky A.V., Stambulko V.I., Ferronskaya A.V. Gipsotsementno-putstsolanovyye vyazhushchiye, betony i izdeliya [Gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binders, concretes and products]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1971. 318 p.
14. Volzhensky A.V., Kogan G.S., Krasnoslobodskaya Z.S. The influence of active silica on the interaction processes of aluminate components of portland cement clinker with gypsum. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 1963. No. 1, pp. 31–34. (In Russian).
15. Volzhensky A.V., Kogan G.S., Arbuzov N.T. Gipsobetonnyye paneli dlya peregorodok i vnutrenney oblitsovki naruzhnykh sten [Gypsum concrete panels for partitions and internal lining of external walls]. Moscow: State Publishing House of Literature on Building Materials. 1955. 185 p.
16. Ferronskaya A.V. Dolgovechnost’ gipsovykh materialov, izdeliy i konstruktsiy [Durability of gypsum materials, products and structures]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1984. 256 p.
17. Babkov V.V., Latypov V.M., Lomakina L.N., Shigapov R.I. Modified gypsum binders of increased water resistance and gypsum ceramics-concrete wall blocks for low-rise housing construction based on them. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 7, pp. 4–8. (In Russian).
18. Ermilova E.Yu., Kamalova Z.A., Rahimov R.Z., Shchelkonogova Ya.V. Determination of the composition of hydration products of a composite cement stone with a complex additive of thermally activated polymineral clay and limestone. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2017. No. 4 (42), pp. 289–295. (In Russian).
19. Mukhametrakhimov R.Kh., Galautdinov A.R. Gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder based on low-grade raw materials and industrial waste. Vestnik Tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2016. Vol. 19. No. 24, pp. 56–59. (In Russian).
20. Mukhametrakhimov R.Kh., Galautdinov A.R. Role of active mineral additives of natural origin in the formation of the structure and properties of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder. Vestnik Tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2017. Vol. 20. No. 6, pp. 60–63. (In Russian).
21. Galautdinov A.R., Mukhametrakhimov R.Kh. Improving the water resistance of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder based on low-quality gypsum. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2016. No. 4 (38), pp. 333–343. (In Russian).

The main results of studies of the influence of different activation methods on the efficiency of metallurgical dust as a modifier of the properties of gypsum binder are presented. It is proved that the functionalization of metallurgical dust makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the technogenic product, leading to an increase in the strength characteristics of the gypsum binder. The use of mechanical activation together with grafting of functional groups makes it possible to reduce the concentration of the modifier by 4 times, the increase in compressive and bending strength at the same time exceeds 100%. The most economical method of activation is the introduction of chemical additives (Portland cement). This method allows to increase the compressive strength of gypsum compositions up to 40%. The introduction of the activated modifier affects the processes of hydration and hardening of gypsum, leading to the formation of amorphous tumors on the surface of the crystals based on calcium hydrosilicates, which provide additional bonds between the crystals and block their surface, limiting the access of water, which is confirmed by the data of infrared and microstructural analysis.

A.F. GORDINA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
G.I. YAKOVLEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.S. RUZINA¹, Master
R. DROCHITKA², Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.V. BEGUNOVA¹, Engineer
N.V. KUZMINA¹, Engineer
E.V. BEGUNOVA¹, Engineer

¹ Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation)
² Brno University of Technology (63900, Brno Poříčí, 273/5)

1. Dvorkin L.I., Dvorkin O.L. Stroitel’nye materialy iz otkhodov promyshlennosti [Building materials based on man-made products]. Rostov-on-Don: Feniks. 2007. 368 p.
2. Rakhimov R.Z., Khaliullin M.I., Gaifullin A.R. Composite gypsum binders with the use of claydite dust and blast-furnace slags. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 7, pp. 13–15. (In Russian).
3. Chernysheva N.V., Drebezgova M.Yu. Man-made products for production of composite gypsum binders. Scientific and engineering problems of construction and technological disposal of industrial waste. Belgorod. 2014, pp. 230–235. (In Russian).
4. Akulova M.V., Isakulov B.R., Dzhumabaev M.D. i dr. Integrated electromechanical activation of ash and slurry binders for lightweight concrete. Nauchno-tekhnicheskii vestnik Povolzh’ya. 2014. No. 1, pp. 49–52. (In Russian).
5. Trubitsyn A.S. Thermal activation of granulated blast furnace slag as a component of binders. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Moscow. 2013. 149 p. (In Russian).
6. Patent RF 2474544. Sposob prigotovleniya nanomodifikatora iz otkhodov promyshlennosti [A method of preparing a nanomodifier from industrial waste]. Romanov I.V., Buldyzhov A.A., Alimov L.A. Declared. 03.08.2011. Published. 10.02.2013. Bulletin No. 4. (In Russian).
7. Kopylov V.E., Burenina O.N. The use of oil sludge for the activation of mineral powders that are part of asphalt concrete. Vestnik VSGUTU. 2018. No. 4 (71), pp. 19–24. (In Russian).
8. Khaliullin M.I., Gaifullin A.R., Rakhimov R.Z. The complex effect of the components on the basic properties of artificial stone based on clinker-free composite gypsum binders. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2016. No. 2 (36), pp. 212–220. (In Russian).
9. Gordina A.F. Calcium sulphate composite materials with dispersed modifiers. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Kazan. 2016. 160 p.
10. Yakovlev G.I., Gordina A.F., Polyanskikh I.S., Fisher H.-B., Ruzina N.C., Shameeva E.V., Kholmogorov M.E. Gypsum compositions modified with Portland cement and metallurgic dust. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 76–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-749-6-76-79. (In Russian).
11. Eremin A., Pustovgar A., Pashkevich S., Ivanova I., Golotina A. Determination of calcium sulfate hemihydrate modification by X-ray diffraction analysis. Procedia Engineering. 2016. Vol. 165, pp. 1343–1347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.862
12. Singh N.B., Middendorf B. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate hydration leading to gypsum crystallization. Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials. 2007. Vol. 53 (1), pp. 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2007.01.002

The results of studies of physical and mechanical properties and structure of the binder based on natural anhydrite in the presence of chemical and mineral additives are presented. The data were obtained by mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy and laser granulometry. For the first time, the efficiency of using phosphates of sodium and ammonium as activators of hardening of anhydrite binder is shown. Strength characteristics are increased from 2.5 to 4 times compared to the control composition, depending on the type of additive. The efficiency of using aleurolite – aluminosilicate rock of sedimentary origin as a mineral additive has been established. The use of an additive in an amount from 0 to 5% leads to an increase in strength to 40%, which is caused by the action of aleurolite particles as crystallization centers, on the surface of which crystallohydrates of gypsum dihydrate are formed. In this case, the additive is directly involved in the formation of the structure, which is confirmed by the results of infrared spectral analysis. The introduction of burnt aleurolite separately is impractical, but when combined introduction with lime strength characteristics are increased to 45% due to additional compaction by new hydration products formed by the interaction of metacaolin and lime.

Yu.V. TOKAREV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.V. AGEEV, Bachelor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
M.A. VOLKOV, Bachelor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.V. KUZMINA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
G.I. YAKOVLEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation)

1. Sergeeva N.A., Sycheva L.I. The influence of the structure of the anhydrite component on the properties of multiphase gypsum binders. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 3 (184), pp. 102–104. (In Russian).
2. Sergeeva N.A., Sycheva L.I. The effect of additives on the properties of anhydrite binder. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2017. Vol. 32. No. 2 (198), pp. 158–160. (In Russian).
3. Anikanova L.A., Volkova О.V., Kudyakov A.I., Kurmangalieva A.I. Mechanically activated composite fluoroanhydrite binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 36–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-767-1-2-36-42 (In Russian).
4. Klimenko V.G. The role of double salts based on sulfates of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NH⁴⁺ in the technology of producing anhydrite binders. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shukhova. 2017. No. 12, pp. 119–125. (In Russian).
5. Altykis M.G., Khaliullin M.I., Rakhimov R.Z., Morozov V.P., Bakhtin A.I. To the question of the mechanism of structural transformations of gypsum binders based on CaSO4 anhydrite in the process of hardening. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 1996. No. 12, pp. 57–61. (In Russian).
6. Garkavi M.S., Artamonov A.V., Kolodyazhnaya E.V., Burianov A.F. Composite anhydrite-slag binder of centrifugal-impact grinding. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 7, pp. 16–18. (In Russian).
7. Garkavi M.S., Artamonov A.V., Kolodezhnaya E.V., Nefedev A.P., Khudovekova E.A., Buryanov A.F., Fisher H.-B. Activated fillers for gypsum and anhydrite mixes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 14–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-14-17 (In Russian).
8. Levashova A.K., Sycheva L.I. The influence of the nature of the plasticizer on the properties of anhydrite binder. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2016. No. 7 (176). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanie-prirody-plastifikatora-na-svoystva-angidritovogo-vyazhuschego (Date of access: 05/13/2019).
9. Tkachenko D.I. The influence of metallurgical dust on the properties and structure of anhydrite compositions. Resursoeffektivnyye tekhnologii v stroitel’nom komplekse regiona. 2017. No. 8, pp. 112–114. (In Russian).
10. Fomina E.V., Lesovik V.S., Fomin A.E., Absimetov M.V., Elistratkin M.Yu. Increasing the effectiveness of aerated concrete through the use of coal waste. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 4  (37), pp. 38–47. (In Russian).
11. Urkhanova L.A., Antropova I.G. The use of ultrabasic aluminosilicate rocks of Buryatia in the technology of building materials. Vestnik VSGUTU. 2017. No. 1 (64), pp. 68–72. (In Russian).
12. Maria C.G. Juenger, Ruben Snellings, Susan A. Bernal. Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights. Cement and Concrete Research. 2019. Vol. 122, pp. 257–273.
13. Singh N.B., Middendorf B. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate hydration leading to gypsum crystallization. Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials. 2007. Vol. 53, pp. 57–77.
14. Konovalov V.M., Glikin D.M., Solomatova S.S. The use of mudstones in the production of mixed cements. Sovremennyye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015. No. 2–2, p. 96. (In Russian).
15. Zinin E.V., Sycheva L.I. Gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binders based on gypsum and anhydrite. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 3, pp. 37–39. (In Russian).

The issues of obtaining lightened gypsum composites that meet the modern requirements of the market of building materials are considered. The use of a high-strength gypsum matrix, represented by calcium dihydrate and hydrosulfoaluminate crystals, in combination with a porous filler contributes to the formation of a lightened and, at the same time, hardened gypsum stone. It is shown that fractionated fillers in the gypsum self-reinforced composite form a compacted structure of the gypsum matrix with the formation of a contact zone between calcium sulfate dihydrate and additives that reduce the weight of the material obtained. The dependence of the strength limit of the composite on the percentage of lightened granules of the foam filler has an extreme dependence, a synergistic effect was found in the system of calcium sulfate dihydrate-foam ceramics. Gypsum matrix creates a margin of strength and makes it possible within wide limits to vary the content of foam filler in the lightened self-reinforced material in accordance with the required performance properties and the selected technology of their production.

K.S. PETROPAVLOVSKII¹, Engineer
A.F. BURYANOV¹, Doctor of Science (Engineering)
V.В. PETROPAVLOVSKAYA², Candidate of Science (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
T.B. NOVICHENKOVA², Candidate of Science (Engineering)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Tver State Technical University (22, Afanasiy Nikitin Еmbankment, Tver, 170026, Russian Federation)

1. Zabalza B.I., Valero C.A., Aranda A. Life cycle assessment of building materials: Comparative analysis of energy and environmental IMPacts and evaluation of the eco-efficiency improvement potential. Building and Environment. 2011. Vol. 46 (5), pp. 1133–1140.
2. Mahlia T.M.I., Taufiq Ismail B.N., Masjuki H.H. Correlation between thermal conductivity and the thickness of selected insulation materials for building wall. Energy and Buildings. 2007. Vol. 39, pp. 182–187.
3. Rao A., Jha K.N., Misra S. Use of aggregates from recycled construction and demolition waste in concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2007. Vol. 50. Iss. 1, pp. 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.05.010
4. Lin K.L. Feasibility study of using brick made from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash slag. Hazardous Materials. 2006. Vol. 137 (3), pp. 1810–1816. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.027
5. Raut A.N., Madurwar M., Ralegaonkar R. Physico-mechanical properties investigation of innovative sustainable construction material. Conference Paper. 2013. DOI: 10.13140 / RG.2.1.1345.2480/1
6. Shih P.H., Wu Z.Z., Chiang H.L. Characteristics of bricks made from waste steel slag. Waste Management. 2004. Vol. 24 (10), pp. 1043–1047. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.08.006.
7. Хаев Т.Э., Ткач Е.В., Орешкин Д.В. Модифицированный облегченный гипсовый материал с полыми стеклянными микросферами для реставрационных работ // Строительные материалы. 2017. № 10. С. 45–50.
7. Кhaev T.E., Tkach E.V., Oreshkin D.V. Modified lightweight gypsum material with hollow glass microspheres for restoration works. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 10, pp. 45–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-753-10-45-50. (In Russian).
8. Shi C., Zheng K. A review on the use of waste glasses in the production of cement and concrete. Resources Conservation and Recycling. 2007. Vol. 52 (2), pp. 234–247. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.01.013
9. Shazim Ali Memon, Tommy Yiu Lo, Hongzhi Cui Utilization of waste glass powder for latent heat storage application in buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2013. Vol. 66, pp. 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.056
10. Nunes Sandra, Mafalda Matos, Telma Ramos, Joana Sousa сoutinho Mixture design of SCC incorporating fine glass powder. Conference: HAC 2012 - 3о Congreso Iberoamericano sobre hormigón autocompactante. Avances y oportunidades. At Madrid. 2012.
11. Yixin Shao, Thibaut Lefort, Shylesh Moras, Damian Rodriguez, Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 30 (1), pp. 91–100. DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00213-6
12. Ahmad Shayan, Xu Aimin. Performance of glass powder as a pozzolanic material in concrete: a field trial on concrete slabs. Cement and Concrete Research. 2006. Vol. 36 (3), pp. 457–468.
13. Белов В.В., Петропавловская В.Б. Использование вторичных сырьевых ресурсов в производстве строительных материалов. Тверь: ТвГТУ, 2017. 120 с.
13. Belov V.V., Petropavlovskaya V.B. Ispol’zovaniye vtorichnykh syr’yevykh resursov v proizvodstve stroitel’nykh materialov [The use of secondary raw materials in the production of building materials]. Tver: TvGTU. 2017. 120 p.
14. Бабков В.В., Латыпов В.М., Ломакина Л.Н., Шигапов Р.И. Модифицированные гипсовые вяжущие повышенной водостойкости и гипсокерамзитобетонные стеновые блоки для малоэтажного жилищного строительства на их основе // Строительные материалы. 2012. № 7. С. 4–8.
14. Babkov V.V., Latypov V.M., Lomakina L.N., Asyanova V.S., Shigapov R.I. Modified gypsum binders of high water resistance and gypsum-claydite-concrete wall blocks for low-rise housing construction on their basis. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 7, pp. 4–8. (In Russian).
15. Новиченкова Т.Б., Петропавловская В.Б., Завадько М.Ю., Бурьянов А.Ф., Пустовгар А.П., Петропавловский К.С. Применение пылевидных отходов базальтового производства в качестве наполнителя гипсовых композиций // Строительные материалы. 2018. № 8. С. 9–13.
15. Novichenkova T.B., Petropavlovskaya V.В., Zavad’ko M.Yu., Bur’yanov A.F., Pustovgar A.P., Petropavlovskiy K.S. The use of dusty wastes of basalt production as a filler for gypsum compositions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 9–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-9-13 (In Russian)
16. Гальцева Н.А., Бурьянов А.Ф., Булдыжова Е.Н., Соловьев В.Г. Использование синтетического ангидрита сульфата кальция для приготовления закладочных смесей. // Строительные материалы. 2015. № 6. С. 76–77.
16. Gal’tseva N.A., Bur’yanov A.F., Buldyzhova E.N., Solov’ev V.G. The Use of Synthetic Calcium Sulfate Anhydrite for Production of Filling Mixtures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 6, pp. 76–77.
17. Кедрова Н.Г., Петропавловская В.Б., Некрасова И.Ю. Модификация свойств гипсового вяжущего при использовании керамической добавки. Инновации и моделирование в строительном материаловедении: Сборник научных трудов. Тверь: ТвГТУ, 2017. С. 51–57.
17. Kedrova N.G., Petropavlovskaya V.B., Nekrasova I.Y. Modification of gypsum binder properties using ceramic additive. Innovation and modeling in building materials science: Collection of scientific papers. Tver: TvSTU. 2017, pp. 51–57. (In Russian).
18. Иващенко Ю.Г., Евстигнеев С.А., Страхов А.В. Роль наполнителей и модификаторов в формировании структуры и свойств композитов на основе гипсового вяжущего. Надежность и долговечность строительных материалов, конструкций и оснований фундаментов: Материалы VI Международной научно-технической конференции. Волгоград, 2011. С. 159–162.
18. Ivashchenko Yu.G., Evstigneev S.A., Strahov A.V. The role of fillers and modifiers in the formation of the structure and properties of composites based on gypsum binder. The reliability and durability of building materials, structures and foundations: Materials of the VI International scientific-technical conference. Volgograd. 2011, рр.159–162. (In Russian).
19. Бердов Г.И., Ильина Л.В., Зырянова В.Н., Никоненко Н.И., Сухаренко В.А. Влияние минеральных наполнителей на свойства строительных материалов // Строительные материалы. 2012. № 9. С. 79–83.
19. Berdov G.I., Il’ina L.V., Zyryanova V.N., Nikonenko N.I., Sukharenko V.A. Influence of mineral microfillers on building materials properties. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 9, pp. 79–83. (In Russian).
20. Пыкин А.А., Лукутцова Н.П., Лукаш А.А., Ласман И.А., Головин С.Н., Тугай Т.С. Свойства и структура строительного гипса с микрокристаллической целлюлозой // Вестник Белгородского государственного технологического университета им. В.Г. Шухова. 2017. № 12. С. 55–61.
20. Pykin A.A., Lukutcova N.P., Lukash A.A., Lasman I.A., Golovin S.N., Tugaj T.S. Properties and structure of construction gypsum with microcrystalline cellulose. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shuhova. 2017. No. 12, pp. 55–61. (In Russian).
21. Byars E.A., Morales-Hernandezz B., Hui Ying Z. Waste glass as concrete aggregate and pozzolan: laboratory and industrial projects. Concrete (London). 2004. Vol. 38 (1), pp. 41–44.
22. Petropavlovskaya V., Buryanov А., Novichenkova T., Petropavlovskii K. Gypsum composites reinforcement. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018. 365. 032060. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/365/3/032060
23. Петропавловская В.Б., Бурьянов А.Ф., Новиченкова Т.Б., Петропавловский К.С. Самоармированные гипсовые композиты. М.: Де Нова, 2015. 163 с.
23. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Buryanov A.F., Novichenkova T.B., Petropavlovskiy K.S. Samoarmirovannyye gipsovyye kompozity [Self-reinforced gypsum composites]. Moscow: De Nova. 2015. 163 p.
24. Petropavlovskaya V., Buryanov А., Novichenkova Т., Petropavlovskii K. Self-hardening of a gypsum. Key Engineering Materials. 2017. Vol. 737, pp. 517–521. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.737.517
25. Петропавловская В.Б., Белов В.В., Новиченкова Т.Б., Бурьянов А.Ф. Закономерности влияния зернового состава на свойства сырьевых смесей прессованных гипсовых материалов // Строительные материалы. 2011. № 6. С. 4–5.
25. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Belov V.V., Novichenkova T.B., Burianov A.F. Regularities of influence of grain composition on properties of raw mixes of pressed gypsum materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 6, pp. 4–5. (In Russian).

The results of the study of the effect of additives of different types of industrial plasticizers (water – soluble surfactants), widely used in cement concretes – C-3, Melflux, Stachement 2280, on the technological and physical-mechanical properties of gypsum binder are presented. It is established that their introduction into the gypsum paste leads to a significant water-reducing effect, depending on the chemical structure and concentration of the additive, and the setting time changes: C-3 monotonically reduces them, and Stachement and Melflux slow down the hydration process of semi-aqueous gypsum. The concentration dependence of the strength of the cured gypsum binder is described by curves with maxima at 0.5% (C-3) and 0.6% (Melflux, Stachement). The latter increase the compressive strength of the cured gypsum binder by 5 times, and when bending by 3.5 times compared to the strength of the unmodified binder.

V.G. KHOZIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.V. MAYSURADZE¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
A.R. MUSTAFINA¹, Graduate Student
M.E. KORNYANEN², Director

¹ Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (1, Zelenaya Street, Kazan, 420043, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation)
² OOO “Gypsum Company” (“Gipsovaya Kompaniya”) (24, Off. 305, Volzhskaya Street, Siukeevo Village, Kamsko-Ust’insky District, Republic of Tatarstan, 422825, Russian Federation)

1. Ahverdov I.N. Osnovy fiziki betona [Basic physics of concrete]. Moscow: Stroizdat. 1981. 464 p.
2. Batrakov V.T. Modificirovannye betony. Teoriya i praktika [Modified concretes. Theory and practice]. 2nd ed. Moscow: 1998. 768 p.
3. Potorochina S.A., Novikova V.A., Gordina A. F. Effect of polycarboxylate plasticizer on the technical parameters of gypsum. Bulletin of science and education of North-West Russia. 2015. Vol. 1. No. 3. pp. 1–6. http://vestnik-nauki.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2015-%E2%84%963-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.pdf (Date of access 10.05.2019). (In Russian).
4. Redlih V.V., Kudyakov A.I. Gypsum mixtures with plasticizers and dispersed mineral additives. Materials of the 56th scientific and technical conference. Tomsk: TGASU. 2010. pp. 97–101. (In Russian).
5. Gajfullin A.R., Rahimov R.Z., Haliullin M.I., Stoyanov O. V. Influence of superplasticizers on properties of composite gypsum binders. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2013. Vol. 16. No. 5, pp. 119–121. (In Russian).
6. Fedorova V.V., Sycheva L.I. Influence of plasticizing additives on the properties of gypsum binders. Uspekhi v himii i himicheskoj tekhnologii. 2015. Vol. XXIX. No. 7, pp. 78–80. (In Russian).
7. Pustovgar A.P., Buryanov A.F., Vasilik P.G. Features of application of hyperplasticizers in dry building mixes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 12, pp. 62–65. (In Russian).
8. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Zavad’ko M.Yu., Petropavlovskii K.S., Novichenkova T.B., Buryanov A.F. The use of plasticizers in modified gypsum composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 28–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-767-1-2-28-35 (In Russian).
9. Garkavi M.S., Shlenkina S.S. To the question of the use of plasticizers for gypsum binders. Proceedings of the V International scientific and practical conference “Improving the efficiency of production and application of gypsum materials and products”. Under the scientific editorship of A.F. Buryanov. Kazan. 2010. 290 p. (In Russian).

The global practice of creating normative documents for the most responsible types of industrial products shows that this process requires significant time and material costs, , and the positive effect of the introduction of new standards is possible only in the presence and involvement for their development of leading scientists and practitioners in the field of science and production considered. In GOST 34028–2016 “Reinforcing bars for reinforced concrete structures. Technical requirements”, put into effect from January 1, 2019, additional requirements for special purpose rebar rolling have been introduced, the use of which in construction will provide high technical and economic efficiency of design, safety of work during the construction of building facilities and their operation, significant reduction of risks of emergency situations under the influence of special types of loads (seismic, explosive, shock, dynamic impulsive, etc.), and in metallurgical production stimulates without any significant costs the development of mass production of innovative products that are competitive both at the domestic and foreign markets. The article presents the identified advantages and disadvantages of the provisions of this standard in metallurgical production, as well as established individual inconsistencies with the requirements of GOST 34028–2016 and normative documents for the design of reinforced concrete structures.

I.N. TIKHONOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
I.P. SAVRASOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
V.A. KHARITONOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
G.I. TIKHONOV¹, Engineer
O.O. TSYBA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
N.V. KUZMENKO³, Engineer

¹ JSC Research Center of Construction (6, 2nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation)
² Subcommittee 4 “Reinforcing bars for reinforced concrete structures», Technical committee 375 “Metal products from ferrous metals and alloys” of Rosstandart (23/9, bldg. 2, Radio Street, Moscow, 105005, Russian Federation)
³ Tula Metal Rolling Plant (32, bldg. 1, Shcheglovskaya zaseka Street, Tula, 300001, Russian Federation)

1. Tikhonov I.N., Meshkov V.Z., Rastorguev B.S. Design of reinforced concrete reinforcement. Moscow: TSITP them. G.K. Ordzhonikidze. 2015. 273 р. (In Russian).
2. Tikhonov I.N., Blazhko V.P., Tikhonov G.I., Kazaryan V.A., Krakovsky M.B., Tsyba O.O. Innovative solutions for efficient reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 3–10. (In Russian).
3. Tikhonov I.N., Meshkov V.Z., Zvezdov A.I, Savrasov I.P. Effective reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures of buildings, designed taking into account the impact of special loads. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 3, pp. 39–45. (In Russian).
4. Tikhonov I.N. Development, production and implementation of innovative types of reinforcing bars for construction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 67–75. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-774-9-67-75
5. Tikhonov I.N., Smirnova L.N., Bubis A.A. On the requirements of new normative documents to the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures for construction in seismic areas. Sejsmostojkoe stroitel`stvo. Bezopasnost` sooruzhenij. 2019. No. 1. pp. 43–49. (In Russian).
6. Madatyan S.A. Armatura zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij [Reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow: Voentechlit. 2000. 256 p.
7. Skorobogatov S.M. Osnovy teorii rascheta vynoslivosti sterzhnej armatury zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij [Fundamentals of the theory of calculating the endurance of rods of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1976. 108 p.
8. Gorodnicki F.M., Mikhailov K.V. Vynoslivost’ armatury zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsii [Endurance of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1972. 151 p.
9. Kwasnikov A.A. Method of calculation of interaction of concrete and reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures in Abaqus. Stroitel’naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzhenii. 2019. No. 1, pp. 65–70. (In Russian).
10. Mulin N.M. Sterzhnevaya armatura zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij [Core reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1974. 233 p.

The stress-strain state of fiber-concrete water-sewer pipes made by the method of dry vibro-pressing is considered. Laboratory tests of fiber-concrete samples for compression, bending, crack resistance, stretching and splitting were carried out at the testing site. The main purpose of the research is to determine the optimal amount of fiber in the pipe and the necessary design mechanical characteristics of the fiber concrete. The elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile loads were determined. 3D steel fibers were used in the test and the results of the fiber concrete pipe test are presented. The results of testing of fiber-concrete pipes with different steel fiber content (20, 30 and 40 kg/m³) made it possible to determine the optimal composition of fiber-concrete. An overabundance of fiber leads to the separation of the concrete structure, which reduces its resistance.

N.S. MASTANZADE¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
H.I. RASULOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
T.M. RUSTAMLI², Engineer
F. ALTUN³, Doctor of Sciences

¹ Scientific Research and Design Construction Institute of Building Matwrials named after S.A. Dadashev (AZ 1014, Azerbaijan, Baku, Fizuli Street, 67)
² Gidrotransproyekt (AZ 1060, Azerbaijan, Baku, G. Khalilov Street, 8)
³ Erciyes University (Turkish, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Keshk)

1. GOST 6482-2011. Concrete pipes, non-pressure. Technical conditions. Moscow: Standartinform, 2013.
2. Klein G.K. Raschet trub ulozhennykh v zemle [Underground pipes design]. Moscow: Gosstroiizdat, 1957. 194 p.
3. Heyes С., Ram S., Evans C., Lambourne H., Orence R. Performance of sewer pipes riner during earthquakes. Australian Geomechanics. Vol. 50. No. 4. Dec. 2015.
4. EN 1916:2002. Concrete pipe and fittings, unreinforced steel fiber and reinforced.
5. SP 52-104–2006. Steel-fiber concrete structures. Moscow. 2010.
6. Doru Z. Steel fibers reinforced concrete pipes – experimental tests and numerical solutions. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 245(2017) 02232
7. Yavarov А.V., Kolosova G.S., Kuroedov V.V. Stress-strain state of buried pipelines. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdanii i sooruzhenii: internet-zhurnal. 2013. No. 1(6), pp. 1-10. http://unistroy.spbstu.ru/index_2012_06/01_kolosova_kuroedov_yavarov_6.pdf (date of access 23.07.2019). (In Russian).
8. Aliyev T., Mastanzade N., Rasulov Kh., Rustəmli T., Mursalov O. Experimental research of the fiber concrete sewer pipe. International conference “Actual problems in manufacturing building materials and ways of their solution”. October 26, 2018, Baku, pp. 42–47.
9. Flores-Berrones R., Liu X.L. Seismic vulnerability of buried pipelines. Geofisica International. 2003. Vol. 42. No. 2, pp. 237–246.
10. Gumerov R.A., Larionov V.I., Sushehev S.P. Estimation of lateral loads on the undergroun pipeline at seismic impact. Problemi sbora, podgotovki i transportorovki nefti i nefteproduktov. 2016. No. 4 (106), pp. 146–155. (In Russian).
11. Aleksandrov A.A., Kotlyarevskiy V.A., Larionov V.I., Lisin Yu.V. The model of dynamic analusis of seismic effects strength of main pipelines. Neftegazovoye delo. 2011. No. 5, pp. 54–62. (In Russian).
12. Shues O.O.V., Besseling F., Sturwold P.H. Modelling of a pipe rowin a 2D planestrain FE-analysis. Numerical methods in Geotechnical engineering, 214 Taylor&Francis Group. London, pp. 247–282.
13. EN 14651. Test method for metallic fibered concrete – measuring the flexural tensile strength (limit of proportionality (LOP), residual). June. 2005. 17 р.
14. Ferrado F.L., Escalante M.R., Rougier V.C. Numerical simulation of the three edge bearing test of steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes. Mecanica Computational. Vol. XXXIV, pр. 2329–2341. Cordoba, 8–11 Noviembre 2016. Argentina.
15. Figueiredo A.D.De, Fuente A.De La, Aguado A., Molins C., Chama Neto P.J. Steel fiber reinforced concrete pipes. Part 1: technological analysis of the mechanical behavior. Ibracon Structures and Materials Journal. 2012. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1–11.

The influence of mineral fillers with positively and negatively charged electro-surface properties on the frost resistance of powder concretes is investigated. Tests for frost resistance were carried out according to GOST 10060-2012 (5.1), the first basic method. It is established that the samples of powder concrete with 30% of ground quartz sand have the lowest frost resistance, compared with powder concrete with 30% of ground marble and fine-grained concrete C:N=1:3. The results confirmed the hypothesis stated in the paper that concretes, in which the charge of the surface of pores and capillaries is strongly shifted to the negative domain, are subjected to deeper saturation of the material with water. This is evidenced by the results of changes in the mass of samples during frost resistance tests. t is proposed to use the data obtained as a theoretical basis for the selection of rational compositions of concrete of increased frost resistance, both fine-grained and powder.

Sh.M. RAKHIMBAEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
N.M. TOLYPINA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.A. KOSINOVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Head of Production Laboratory (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.N. KHAKHALEVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
² “Zavod zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsii №1” OJSC (Plant of reinforced concrete structures) (5, Kommunalnaya Street, Belgorod, 308009, Russian Federation)

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2. Rakhimbaev S.M., Tolypina N.M., Khakhaleva E.N. Influence of small filler from sand on efficiency of effect of additives-flux oil. Vestnik SibADI. 2016. No. 3, pp. 74–79. (In Russian).
3. Rakhimbaev S.M., Tolypina N.M., Karpacheva E.N. Role of the films adsorbed on a surface of particles of natural quartz sand in processes of plasticization of concrete mixes. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 8, pp. 15–18. (In Russian).
4. Alves J.A., Baldo J.B. The behavior of zeta potential of silica suspensions. New Journal of Glass and Ceramics. 2014. No. 4, pp. 29–37. DOI: 10.4236/njgc.2014.42004
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6. Ersoy B., Dikmen S., Uygunoğlu T., Icduygu M.G., Kavas T., Olgun A. Effect of mixing water types on the time-dependent zeta potential of Portland cement paste. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials. 2013. Vol. 20. Iss. 3, pp. 285–292. DOI: 10.1515/secm-2012-0099
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According to the level of technical and economic indicators, concrete and reinforced concrete are and will remain the main structural materials. New types of effective concretes have been developed in the world practice. All of them are multicomponent, which is determined not only by the variety of chemical and mineralogical composition of the components, but also by the large-scale levels of their dispersion. The new generation of concretes includes powder-activated sand concrete with an optimized content of dispersed fillers and fine crushed sand. A comparison of data on the crack resistance of powder-activated concretes of the new generation, which includes reaction and rheological-active filler, plasticizer and fine aggregates with the properties of materials of the transition and old generations was made. Crack resistance characteristics were determined on beam samples with a pre-induced initial crack. Power and energy parameters: specific energy consumption for static destruction of the sample; static j-integral; static stress intensity factor at normal rupture were considered as the studied parameters. It is established that the increase in water-cement ratio in composites leads to a decrease in the energy parameters of the fracture mechanics. With the introduction of the biocidal additive the trend of effect of water-cement ratio on the parameters of crack resistance of cement stone were the same. The use of reactive and rheological active filler increases the parameters of the crack resistance of sand concrete, especially the static j-integral Ji, which characterizes the energy of viscous (plastic) destruction of the material at the crack top, increasing due to increased adhesion of cement stone to the active surface of the reaction-active filler.

V.I. TRAVUSH¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Academician of RAACS
N.I. KARPENKO¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Academician of RAACS
V.T. EROFEEV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of RAACS
I.V. EROFEEVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.V.TARAKANOV³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
V.I. KONDRASHCHENKO⁴, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
A.G. KESARIYSKIY⁵, Candidate of Sciences

¹ Russian Academy of Architecture of Construction Sciences (24, Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation)
² National Research N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Street, Saransk, 4Republic of Mordovia, 30005, Russian Federation)
³ Penza State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (28, Germana Titova Street, Penza, 440028, Russian Federation)
⁴ Russian University of Transport (MIIT) (9, build. 9, Obraztsova Street, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation)
⁵ LLC Laboratory of Complex Technologies (1a, Iskraskaya Street, Dnepropetrovsk region, Pavlograd, 51412, Ukraine)

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Microbial carbonate biomineralisation, an intensively developing field of nature-like technologies, expands the range of tools to control the processes of structure formation at various technological stages of the life cycle of composite construction materials: from the design of the raw material mixture to the self-healing during operation. As any interdisciplinary field, the technology of carbonate biomineralization in the construction materials science, passing the stages of studying natural analogues of the processes alleged to borrowing theoretical substantiation of prospects of their practical use, has passed to the stage of accumulating empirical results requiring synthesis and analysis. The paper presents a review of publications for the twenty-year period on such criteria as the generic affiliation of the bacterial cells used; the used precursors of biochemical reactions; the effect of biomineralization on the properties of composite materials; the characteristic features of the products of phase formation. The existing methods of introduction of bacterial cultures and precursors in technologies of the production of composite building materials with application of carbonate bio-mineralization are generalized and classified.

V.V. STROKOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
D.Yu. VLASOV², Doctor Sciences (Biology)
O.V. FRANK-KAMENETSKAYA², Doctor Sciences (Geology and Mineralogy)
U.N. DUKHANINA¹, Engineer
D.A. BALITSKY¹, Bachelor

¹ Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
² Saint Petersburg University (7/9, University Embankment, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation)

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The results of the study of the ability of the material to deform in time under the influence of constant loads are presented. Wood and plastics based on it are considered as elastic-visco-plastic materials. For these materials, it can be assumed that under the action of a constant load, the following is characteristic: creep deformation under the load not exceeding a certain value (even the limit of long-term resistance) is asymptotic and reversible, and the destruction of the material does not occur; when the load exceeds this limit, creep leads to the destruction of the material, creep deformation is not completely reversible and has a continuous nature; the strength of the material varies significantly over time; under the action of a constant given strain, there is a decrease in stress over time (relaxation). A detailed analysis of the positive properties and disadvantages of polymer concrete is given. Disadvantages of polymer concrete were revealed when studying their mechanical properties, in particular, their long-term strength. As a result of development of the structure formation theory, improvement of technology, improvement of methods of experimental research, it is unambiguously established that polymer concretes have damping creep at all ways of loading though when tensioning and bending they are rather big.

B.A. BONDAREV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
T.N. STORODUBTSEVA², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Lipetsk State Technical University (30, Moskovskaya Street, Lipetsk, 398055, Russian Federation)
² Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov (8, Timiryazeva Street, Voronezh, 394087, Russian Federation)

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