The technological aspects of lime extinguishing in bladed two and three-section devices are considered. The main characteristics of the devices for extinguishing lime are given - performance, water consumption, electricity, quantity and composition of waste gases. Presented the scheme and characteristics of the mobile hydrator, the performance of 1 t/hour. Options for extinguishing ground and crushed lime are presented. It is shown that when the crushed lime is extinguished of low quality, it is possible to improve the quality of hydrateed lime by removing unextinguished grains on the rumble, whiz or air classifier. A comparative analysis of the various lime extinguishing schemes was carried out: extinguishing of ground lime, extinguishing crushed lime with a rumble and a mill, extinguishing crushed lime with an air classifier. Thus, when lime is extinguished in the blade, it is possible to obtain hydrated lime of the 1st and 2nd grade from both ground and crushed burnt lime. With crushed lime, it is possible to improve the quality of hydrateed lime, but the extinguishing scheme is complicated and formed up to 20% of solid waste.

A.V. NESTEROV , Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), General Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.A. OSKORBIN, Technical Director

OOO “KIANIT” (1, Yuriya Gagarina Avenue, Saint Petersburg, 196105, Russian Federation)

1. Monastirev A.V. Proizvodstvo Izvesti. [Lime Production]. Moscow: High school. 1971. 272 P.
2. Monastirev A.V. Production of hydrated lime in the USSR and abroad. Promishlennost stroitelnikh materialov. 1987. Series 8. P. 1. 53.
3. Loganina V.I., Khaskova T.N., Velikanova I.S. Effect of lime dispersal on the physical and mechanical properties of the finishing composition. Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel’stvo. 2004. No. 10, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
4. Loseva V.A., Naumchenko I.S., Efremov A.A. Research of the process of lime extinguishing with additives of electrolytes and surface-active substances.Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Pischevaya technologiya. 2003. No 5–6, pp. 77–78. (In Russian).
5. Artsukevich I.M., Tchechan O.B. Effect of sodium sulfate and construction plaster on the process of lime extinguishing / Vestnik Polotskogo Univtrsiteta. Seriya B.Promyshlennost’ Prikladnye Nauki. 2015. No.11, pp. 121–126.

In building materials science to obtain a general model of the developed material, methods of mathematical planning of the experiment are often used. The key objective here is to reduce the alternatives, that is, the reasonable choice of material components. For composite materials, as complex technical systems, the manifestation of the integrative property, providing non-additive effect of the properties of the components on the properties of the composite due to the structure formation at the interface, is characteristics. In this regard, it is rational to use the data on the surface tension of the material (the free energy of the surface of the material area unit ) as an integral criterion of compatibility of components. This specified informational parameter is determined by a non-destructive way, for example, is calculated by the model of the interfacial interaction of the Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble on the basis of experimentally determined static contact angles of wetting of the test material surface with working liquids. However, currently the scientific community raises questions about the eligibility of these angles for calculation in connection with the ambiguous interpretation of the equilibrium state of the system formed by powdery materials. Therefore, the aim of this work is the demonstration of how the duration of the establishment of mechanical equilibrium in the system of the working fluid – the surface of the solid body studied and the choice of method of measurement can affect the value of the static contact angle of wetting, calculated on the basis of their surface tension. Recommendations for the preparation of press-samples from fine powders and time periods of measurement of the edge angles by working liquids of high and low viscosity are proposed. A proof of the competence of the use of static contact angles for the selected working fluids (decane, ethylene glycol, glycerin, water), subject to the recommendations on the time periods of measurement to be determined in preliminary experiments with the use of the analyzed surface of the test samples has been got.

V.E. DANILOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.V. KOROLEV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.M. AYZENSHTADT¹, Doctor of Sciences (Chemistry), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.V. STROKOVA³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (17, Severnaya Dvina Embankment, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation)
² National Recearch Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shoukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)

1. Bazhenov Yu.M., Gar’kina I.A., Danilov A.M., Korolev E.V. Sistemnyi analiz v stroitel’nom materialovedenii [System analysis in building materials science]. Moscow: MGSU. 2012. 432 p.
2. Gar’kina I.A., Danilov A.M., Korolev E.V. Design and optimization of the properties of complex systems. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2018. 4 (37), pp. 5–11. (In Russian).
3. Korolev E.V., Bazhenov Yu.M., Al’bakasov A.I. Radiatsionno-zashchitnye i khimicheski stoikie sernye stroitel’nye materialy [Radiation-protective and chemical-resistant sulfur construction materials]. Penza, Orenburg: IPK OGU. 2010. 364 p.
4. Chernyshov E.M. Modern building materials science: the evolution of methodologies and the fundamental nature of scientific knowledge. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference-seminar. Volgo-grad: VGASU. 2004, pp. 20–25. (In Russian).
5. Mchedlov-Petrosyan O.P. Khimiya neorganicheskikh stroitel’nykh materialov [Chemistry of inorganic building materials]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1988. 304 p.
6. Kharitonov A.M. Development of methods for optimizing the composition of multicomponent building composites. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya. 2015. No. 11–3, pp. 520–523. (In Russian).
7. Danilov V.E., Aizenshtadt A.M., Frolova M.A., Tutygin A.S. Change in surface energy – a criterion for optimizing the composition of a cementless composite binder. Materialovedenie. 2018. No. 2, pp. 39–44. (In Russian).
8. Korolev E.V., Grishina A.N., Pustovgar A.P. Surface tension in structure formation of materials. Significance, calculation, and application. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 104–108. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-104-108.
9. Danilov V.E., Strokova V.V., Aizenshtadt A.M. The role of dispersion and polarization effects in the formation of a wood-mineral composite based on finely dispersed components. Fizika i khimiya obrabotki materialov. 2018. No. 4, pp. 50–56. (In Russian).
10. Tarasenko A.D., Dulina O.A., Bukanov A.M. The effect of non-polymer components of the rubber composition on the surface properties of elastomeric compositions. Tonkie khimicheskie tekhnologii. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 5, pp. 67–72. (In Russian).
11. H. Yildirim Erbil. The debate on the dependence of apparent contact angles on drop contact area or three-phase contact line: A review. Surface Science Reports. 2014. Vol. 69. Iss. 4, pp. 325–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2014.09.001
12. Tommi Huhtamäki, Xuelin Tian, Juuso T. Korhonen and Robin H.A. Ras. Surface-wetting characterization using contact-angle measurements. Nature Protocols. 2018. Vol. 13, pp. 1521–1538. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-018-0003-z
13. Jaroslaw Drelich. Guidelines to measurements of reproducible contact angles using a sessile-drop technique. Surface Innovations. 2013. Vol. 1. Iss. 4, pp. 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1680/si.13.00010
14. Jaroslaw W. Drelich. Contact angles: From past mistakes to new developments through liquid-solid adhesion measurements. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 2019. Vol. 267, pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.02.002
15. Ström G., Frederikson M., Stenius P. Contact angles, work of adhesion and interfacial tensions at a dissolving hydrocarbon surface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 1987. Vol. 119. Iss. 2, pp. 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(87)90280-3
16. Joseph J. Jasper The surface tension of pure liquid compounds. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 1972. Vol. 1, No. 841. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3253106
17. Barsan ME (2007) NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, DHHS (NIOSH). Publication No. 2005-149. NIOSH Publications, US.

The analysis of the prediction of the coefficient of thermal expansion of materials based on polyvinyl chloride is carried out. The relevance of such a prediction is due to the fact that polyvinyl chloride is one of the main polymers used to develop building materials based on polymers. The problem of reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion of polyvinyl chloride by creating blends with heat-resistant polymers with high glass transition temperatures is considered. Among these polymers are polyimides, polyesters, polyether ketones, polysulfides, polyphenylene oxides. The prediction is made using the compatibility criterion developed at the INEOS RAS. The criterion contains such characteristics as the Hildebrand solubility parameter, surface energy, and molar volume of the repeating unit of polymer. Based on this criterion, a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion of 52% is shown. The introduction of a mineral filler in the form of calcite in the composition of the mixtures also contributes to a decrease in the CLTE. Experiments and calculations were carried out for wood-polymer composites produced by the domestic company. The value of CLTE when filling with bamboo wood is realized decreases to a greater extent than when filling with coniferous wood.

A.A. ASKADSKII^{1, 2}, Doctor of Sciences (Chemistry) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
C. WANG³, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.A. KURSKAYA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.I. KONDRASHCHENKO³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
T.V. ZHDANOVA², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
T.A. MATSEEVICH², Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS) (28, Vavilova Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ Russian University of Transport (9, Build. 9, Obraztsova Street, 127994, Moscow, Russian Federation)

1. Moroz P.A., Askadskii Al.A., Matseyevich T.A., Solov’yeva Ye.V., Askadskii A.A. The use of secondary polymers for the production of wood-polymer composites. Plasticheskie massy. 2017. No. 9–10, pp. 56–61. (In Russian).
2. Matseevich T.A., Askadsky A.A. Mechanical properties of terrace boards based on polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. Stroitel’stvo: nauka i obrazovanie. 2017. Vol. 7. Iss. 3 (24), pp. 48–59. (In Russian).
3. Abushenko A.V., Voskoboinikov I.V., Kondratyuk V.A. Production of products from WPC. Delovoi zhurnal po derevoobrabotke. 2008. No. 4, pp. 88–94. (In Russian).
4. Ershova O.V., Chuprova L.V., Mullina E.R., Mishurina O.A. Investigation of the dependence of the properties of wood-polymer composites on the chemical composition of the matrix. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2014. No. 2, p. 26. (In Russian). https://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=12363
5. Klesov A.A. Drevesno-polimernye kompozity / per. s angl. A. Chmelya. [Wood-polymer composites / Translate from English A. Chmelya]. Saint-Petrsburg: Scientific foundations and technologies. 2010. 736 p.
6. Walcott М.Р., Englund К.A. A technology review of wood-plastic composites; 3ed. N.Y.: Reihold Publ. Corp. 1999. 151 p.
7. Rukovodstvo po razrabotke kompozitsii na osnove PVKh / Pod. red. R.F. Grossmana; per. s angl. pod red. V.V. Guzeeva. [Guidelines for the development of a composition based on PVC / Edited by R.F. Grossman; Translate from English under the editorship of V.V. Guzeeva]. Saint-Petersburg: Scientific basis and technology. 2009. 608 p.
8. Kickelbick G. Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2007. 498 p. DOI:10.1002/9783527610495
9. Nizamov R.K. Polyvinyl chloride compositions for construction purposes with multifunctional fillers. Doct. Diss. (Engineering). Kazan. 2007. 369 p. (In Russian).
10. Stavrov V.P., Spiglazov A.V., Sviridenok A.I. Rheological parameters of molding thermoplastic composites high-filled with wood particles. International Journal of Applied Mecha-nics and Engineering. 2007. Vol. 12. No. 2, рp. 527–536.
11. Burnashev A.I. Highly filled polyvinyl chloride building materials based on nano-modified wood flour. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Kazan, 2011. 159 p.(In Russian).
12. Askadskii A.A., Kondrashchenko V.I., Komp’yuternoe materialovedenie polimerov. T. 1. Atomno-molekulyarnyi uroven’. [Computer materials science of polymers. T. 1. Atomic-molecular level]. Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir. 1999. 543 p.
13. Askadskii A.A., Matseevich T.A., Popova M.N. Vtorichnye polimernye materialy. Mekhanicheskie i bar’ernye svoistva, plastifikatsiya, smesi i nanokompozity. [Secondary polymeric materials. Mechanical and barrier properties, plasticization, mixtures and nanocomposites]. Moscow: ASV. 2017. 490 p.
14. Askadskii A.A. Computational Materials Science of Polymers. Cambridge: Cambridge International Science Publishing. 2003. 695 p.
15. Askadskii A.A., Khokhlov A.R. Vvedenie v fiziko-khimiyu polimerov. [Introduction to the physical chemistry of polymers]. Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir. 2009. 380 p.
16. Askadskii A.A. Physical properties of polymers. Prediction and control. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers. 1996. 336 p.
17. Bolobova A.V., Askadskii A.A., Kondrashchenko V.I., Rabinovich M.L. Teoreticheskie osnovy biotekhnologii drevesnykh kompozitov. Kniga II. Fermenty, modeli, protsessy. [Theoretical foundations of biotechnology of wood composites. Book II. Enzymes, models, processes]. Moscow: Nauka. 2002. 343 p.
18. Azeez M.A., Orege J.I. Bamboo, its chemical modification and products. Bamboo: Current and Future Prospects. 2018. pp. 25–48. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76359

Due to the significant advantages of the structural, technological and economic nature of the pipe-concrete columns (PCC) have good prospects for wide application in the practice of construction. Pipe-concrete columns have high strength and rigidity with relatively small cross-sectional dimensions, economical, reliable in operation. However, their wide practical application constrains the difficulty of ensuring sufficient adhesion between the concrete core and the steel shell in places of transfer of loads to the column from the floors. The authors propose a method of improving the design of pipe-concrete column by use of self-compacting self-stressing concrete for concrete core, making it possible to increase the strength of contact between the concrete core and steel shell and to provide high-quality concreting of columns.

E.A. TROSHKINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
D.D. KHAMIDULINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
S.A. NEKRASOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University (38, Lenin Avenue, Magnitogorsk, 455000, Russian Federation)

1. Garanzha I.M., Shchukina L.S. Self-compacting concrete as the basis of metal composite structures. Integration, partnership and innovation in construction science and education. Collection of international scientific conference proceedings. Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. 2017, pp. 244–251. (In Russian).
2. Penkina E.V., Plotnikov A.I. To the question of the use of concrete filled steel tube columns in multistoried and high-rise buildings. Scientific progress – creativity of young people. International Youth Scientific Conference on Natural Sciences and Technical Disciplines: proceedings and reports: in 3 parts. Yoshkar-Ola. Volga State Technological University. 2013, pp. 121–123. (In Russian).
3. Nurullina A.D., Kirillova E.D., Vorobieva A.O. Efficiency of application of concrete filled steel tube columns and steel columns as vertical load-bearing elements of high-rise buildings. Molodoi uchenyi. 2016. No. 21 (125), pp. 186–195. (In Russian).
4. Nishiyama I., Morino S., Sakino K., Nakahara H. Summary of research on concrete-filled structural steel tube column system carried out under the US-JAPAN cooperative research program on composite and hybrid structures. Japan. BRI Research Paper No. 147, 176 p. https://www.kenken.go.jp/english/contents/publications/paper/pdf/147.pdf
5. Krishan A.L., Krishan M.A., Sabirov R.R. Prospects for the use of concrete filled steel tube columns at construction sites in Russia. Bulletin of the Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University. 2014. No. 1 (45), pp. 137–140. (In Russian).
6. Strokova V.V., Molchanov A.O., Nelyubova V.V. Self-compacting concrete: advantages and prospects of application in construction. Resursoenergoeffektivnye tekhnologii v stroitel’nom komplekse regiona. 2015. No. 5, pp. 164–167. (In Russian).
7. Duvanova I.A., Salmanov I.D. Concrete filled steel tube columns in the construction of high-rise buildings and structures. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdanii i sooruzhenii. 2014. No. 6 (21), pp. 89–103. (In Russian).
8. Michel J. Gebman, Scott A. Ashford, Jose I. Restrepo. Axial force transfer mechanisms within cast-in-steel-shell piles. Final report submitted to the california department of transportation under contract No. 59A0337. Department of structural engineering university of California. San Diego La Jolla, California, 2006. 331 p.
9. Tomii M., Yoshimura K., Morishita Y.A Method of improving bond strength between steel tube and concrete core cast in circular steel tubular columns. Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute. 1980. Vol. 2, pp. 319–326.
10. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Sagadatov A.I. The contact strength of the concrete core and the steel shell of compressed concrete filled steel tube elements. BST. 2016. No. 6, pp. 13–21. (In Russian).
11. Kaprielov S.S., Sheinfeld A.V., Kardumyan G.S., Chilin I.A. About selection of compositions of high-quality concretes with organic-mineral modifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 12, pp. 58–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-755-12-58-63. (In Russian).
12. Rezvan I.V. Self-compacting high-strength self-stressing concrete for concrete filled steel tube columns. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 6, pp. 60–62. (In Russian).
13. Kaprielov S.S., Sheinfel’d A.V., Kardumyan G.S., Dondukov V.G. Modified high-strength fine-grained concrete with improved deformation characteristics. Beton i zhelezobeton. 2006. No. 2, pp. 2–6. (In Russian).
14. Khamidulina D.D., Nekrasova S.A. Fractals in the construction material science. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering electronic edition. 2018. Р. 012026. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/451/1/012026

The article is devoted to the problem of development of new economically unattractive territories for road construction. Often such areas have features in the form of weak bases that begin to build up. Ensuring the reliability and durability of the foundations of embankments of urban trunk roads is an important geotechnical task. To ensure the uninterrupted movement of urban transport, the issues of increasing their carrying capacity and stability are relevant. For this purpose it is possible to apply modern methods of reinforcement of a soil embankment, strengthening of the basis by a pile field of reinforced concrete piles, crushed stone piles. Each of the methods increases either stability or load-bearing capacity, so it is more expedient on the basis of technical and economic analysis to apply combined methods that give a win on several positions at once. On the basis of the research conducted, the conclusion is made about the rationality of a combination of gravel piles with reinforced embankment, whereby it is possible to use less robust geotextiles or increase the spacing of the reinforcement. This method is the most economical. Another combined option is the use of reinforced embankment together with concrete piles. This option is less attractive because of the high cost of the pile field arrangement.

N.S. SOKOLOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
F.L. PAVLOV, Engineer-Designer

Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulianov (15, Moskovsky Prospect, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, 428015, Russian Federation)

1. Ilyichev V.A., Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S. Experience in the development of the underground space of Russian megacities. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2012. No. 2, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
2. Ulitsky V.M., Shashkin A.G., Shashkin K.G. Geotekhnicheskoe soprovozhdenie razvitiya gorodov [Geotechnical maintenance of development of the cities]. Saint Petersburg: Georekonstruktsia. 2010. 551 p.
3. Ter-Martirosyan Z. G. Mehanika gruntov [Mechanic of soil]. M.: ASV. 2009. 550 р.
4. Shulyat’ev O.A., Minakov D.K. Technological precipitation device for diaphragm wall trench type. Vestnik Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2017. No. 3 (8), pp. 41–50. (In Russian).
5. Mangushev R. A., Gurski A.V.Assessment of the impact of sheet pile indentation on additional precipitation of neighboring buildings. Geotechnica. 2016. No. 2, pp. 2–7. (In Russian).
6. Mangushev R. A., Sapin D.A. Taking into account the rigidity of the “wall in the ground” on the draft of neighboring buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 9, pp. 3–7. (In Russian).
7. Mangushev R.A., Konyushkov V.V., Kondratjeva L.N., Kirillov V.M. Method of calculation of technological settlemet of buildings foundations of adjacent development when excavating pits. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 3–10. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-9-3-10
8. Ter-Martirosyan Z.G., Ter-Martirosyan A.Z., Sobolev E.S. Analysis of data of geotechnical monitoring of the slabby bases of the big area. Geotekhnika. 2012. No. 4, рp. 28–34. (In Russian).
9. Mangushev R.A., Nikiforova N.S., Konyushkov V.V., Osokin A.I. Proektirovanie i ustroistvo podzemnykh sooruzhenii v otkrytykh kotlovanakh [Designing and the device of underground constructions in open ditches]. Moscow: ASV. 2013. 256 p.
10. Gotman A.L., Shemenkov Iu.M. Investigation of foundations behavior in tamped pits under the vertical load and their analysis. Vestnik Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2015. No. 3, pp. 23–40. (In Russian).
11. Zhusupbekov A.ZH., Chang Der-Ven, Utepov Yelbek, Borbekova Karlygash. Omarov A.R. Assessment of the bearing capacity of driven piles. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 2019. No. 2, p. 26. (In Russian).
12. Sokolov N.S. Electroimpulse Installation For The Production Of Flight Augering Piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2018. No. 1–2, рp. 62–66. (In Russian).
13. Sokolov N.S. Criteria of economic efficiency of use of drilled piles. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 5, pp. 34–38. (In Russian).
14. Sokolov N.S. Technology for increasing the bearing capacity of the base. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 6, pp. 67–71. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-771-6-67-71
15. Sokolov N.S. Geotechnical technology for preventing inundation of plain territories. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 43–47. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-9-43-47

Results of the study at aimed at identifying the causes of the destruction of the concrete coating of the sea pier on the West Coast of the Japan Sea are presented. It is shown how intense the processes of salt and atmospheric corrosion of concrete, as well as leaching of cement hydration products from concrete with high permeability of concrete (W<4) and low density (water absorption of 9.3–9.5%). The fact of the lack of proper compaction and maintenance of the concrete coating during the execution of concrete works, which led to high porosity (19%) of concrete and incomplete hydration of cement, has been established. And, as a result, there was intense atmospheric (carbonate) and salt (magnesium-sulfate) corrosion, accompanied by frost destruction. It was determined that the maximum amount of marine corrosion products in the form of brucite (up to 2–4%), chlorine ion (up to 2–3%) and Friedel salt (up to 3%) in the concrete coating is contained in areas adjacent to lines of the sea. In process of moving away from the sea coast, the amount of bruсite and chloride-ion in the concrete of the coating decreases. Moreover, in a number of samples, the content of bruсite Mg(OH)₂ in concrete increases in proportion to the amount of chloride ion.

S.V. VAVRENIUK, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Corresponding Member of RAACS
Yu.V. EFIMENKO, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
V.G. VAVRENIUK, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.E. FARAFONOV, Engineer

Branch of FGBU “TSNIIP of Russian Minstroy”, Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation Far-Eastern Research, Design and Technological Institute of Construction (Branch of FGBU “TSNIIP of Russian Minstroy”, DalNIIS) (14, Borodinskaya Street, Vladivostok, 690033, Russian Federation)

2. Adamchik K.A. On the Causes of Destruction of Concrete of Sea Structures. Corrosion of Concrete and Measures to Combat It. Works of the Conference. Moscow: Publishing house jf Acad. Of Sciences of the USSR. 1954, pp. 227–230.
3. Dorsch K. Hardening and corrosion of cements. Pod red. P.P. Budnikov. Kharkov: DNTSU, 1935. 139 p.
4. Babushkin V.I., Matveev G.M., Mchedlov-Petrosyan O.P. Thermodynamics of silicates. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1986. 408 p.
5. Alekseyev S.N., Ivanov F.M., Modra S., Shissl P. Durability of reinforced concrete in aggressive environments. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1990. 320 p.
6. Larionova Z.M. Phase composition, microstructure and strength of cement stone and concrete. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1977. 262 p.
7. Gorshkov V.S., Timashev V.V., Savelev V.G. Methods of physical and chemical analysis of binding substances. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola. 1981. 335 p.
8. Stupachenko P.P., E.P. Holoshin E.P., V.A. Anthropova V.A. Durability of hydrotechnical reinforced concrete structures on the coast of the Far East. Vladivostok: Primorskii sovet NTO. Komitet po probleme dolgovechnosti betona i zhelezobetona. 1987. 78 p.
9. Efimenko Y.V. Effect of hardening conditions on concreteю. Beton i Zhelezobeton. Deponir. rucopis No. 1143. Moscow: VNIIESM. V. 2. 1984. 8 p.
10. Ferrat L.J. Evaluation of carbonatization in concrete structures. Durabil. Mater. and mоon. Proc. 5th Jnt conf. Bringhton. London etc. 1991, pp. 575–586.
11. Efimenko Yu.V., Necipelov I.N., Jaremich V.V. Change of electric conductivity of concrete and hydration of cement during freezing. Materials of the scientific conference. Vladivostok: Publishing House of Far East Federal University. 2012, pp. 26–29. (In Russian).
12. Ryazanova V.A. Peculiarities of sulphate corrosion of concrete in the conditions of directed moisture transfer. Bashkortostan Chemical Journal. 2016. Vol. 23 (No. 3), pp. 45–52. (In Russian).
13. Johanna H.M. Constant chloride flux model to predict airborne-chloride penetration in concrete. Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures (DSCS-2018) Sponsored by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), ACI Committee 130, ACI Committee 201, ACI Committee 544, ACI Committee 549, fib, and RILEM Proceedings 2nd International workshop. June 6–7. Moscow. 2018, pp. 847–856.
14. Efimenko Yu., Kuznetsova L., Antropova V., Nekipelov I. Structure and properties of fine-grained ceramsite concrete in the presence of microsilica. Proceedings of the international conference on concrete and reinforced concrete. Moscow: DIPAK. Vol. 4. 2002, pp. 61–67.
15. Efimenko Yu., Nekipelov I. Effect of mineral additives on the structure and phase composition of cement materials. Collection of works of the international conference «Environment, construction, security». Vladivostok. 2008, pp. 113–120. (In Russian)
16. Efimenko Yu. Express forecast of portland cement strength using conductimetric and thermogravimetric analyses. Far East Con-2018. Materials Science Forum (Trans Tech Publications Ltd). 2018, pp. 782–784.
17. Cadore D., Kretschmer L., Lavandoski C., Medeiros M. Chloride Ions Penetration and Carbonation in Alkaline Activated Slag. Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures (DSCS-2018) Sponsored by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), ACI Committee 130, ACI Committee 201, ACI Committee 544, ACI Committee 549, fib, and RILEM Proceedings 2nd International workshop. June 6–7. Moscow. SP 326–24. 2018, pp. 263–272.
18. Lollini F., Carsana M., Gastaldi V., Redaelli E. Durability of RC Structures made with Chloride-Contaminated Raw Materials. Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures (DSCS-2018) Sponsored by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), ACI Committee 130, ACI Committee 201, ACI Committee 544, ACI Committee 549, fib, and RILEM Proceedings 2nd International workshop. June 6–7. Moscow. SP 326–90. 2018, pp. 857–865.
19. Antropova V., Efimenko Yu., Koneva N. On corrosion resistance of concrete and reinforcement during use of sea water for mixing. 13th Internationale Baustofftagung. 24–26 sept. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Weimar, Juni. 1997, pp. 2-0307-2-0314.
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21. Anthropova V.A., Efimenko Yu.V. Assessment of the consequences of the pozzolanic reaction in concrete on the volcanic slags of Kamchatka after 35 years of operation. Works of the International Conference on Durability of Building Structures (Theory and Practice of Corrosion Protection) dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Moskvina V.M. on October 7–9. Moscow: Tsentr ekonomiki i marketinga. 2002, pp. 184–189.

The article presents an analysis of the current state of the industry of nonmetallic building materials. Its differences from other mining industries are presented. The main difference is a large number of quarries. The well-known forecasts of industrial development as an axiom accept that the modern model of civilization cannot exist without the use of nonmetallic building materials in increasing volumes. The forecast of the development directions of industry technology is hampered by the lack of consumer requirements for changing product quality characteristics due to the improvement of construction technologies. The directions in which one can expect the application of new technical solutions in the domestic industry are named. In the control system - the introduction of robotic technology. When mining separately granular rocks – floating clamshell-type machine and rower-drag scraper. Self-propelled and mobile (modular) crushing and screening complexes will receive mass adoption in the coming years. The displacement of the drilling and blasting method of destruction of rock by mechanical methods depends on the tightening of environmental requirements. The need to improve mining legislation is noted. Examples of career-based innovative technical solutions in foreign countries are given.

G.R. BUTKEVICH, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.), Independent Expert

1. Ушеров-Маршак А.В. Взгляд в будущее бетона // Строительные материалы. 2014. № 3. С. 4–5.
1. Ucherov-Marsak A.V. Looking into the future concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 3, pp. 4–5. (In Russian).
2. Трубецкой К.Н., Рыльникова М.В. и др. Научно-технические вопросы изменения организации управления открытыми горными работами с применением роботизированной горной техники // Горная промышленность. 2017. № 5. С. 27–30.
2. Trubetskoy K.N., Ryl’nikova M.V. Scientific and technical issues of changing the organization of open cast mining using industrialized mining equipment. Gornaya promyshlennost’. 2017. No. 5, pp. 27–30. (In Russian).
3. Zach Mentz. Forward thinking. Pit & Quarry. 2018. July, pp. 10–15.
4. Darren Constantino. Exploring the future. Pit & Quarry. 2016. November, pp. 46–49.
5. Буянов Ю.Д., Баринова Л.С. и др. Новый вид транспорта // Горный журнал. 2002. № 7. С. 87–90.
5. Buyanov Yu.D., Barinova L.S. New mode of transport. Gornyy zhurnal. 2002. No. 7, pp. 87–90. (In Russian).
6. Essential to the progress. Pit & Quarry. 2018. December, pp. 56–57.
7. Aaron Witt. Monymentally mobile. Pit & Quarry. 2019, May, pp. 16–19.
8. Kevin Yanik. Designing the hauler and loader of the future. Pit & Quarry. 2018. July, pp. 16–17.

A structural and morphological analysis of a bituminous binder modified with a colloidal additive using the atomic force microscopy method is presented. A colloidal additive – a product of collagen dissolution-is synthesized by extraction in an acid solvent. The introduction of the colloidal additive in the bitumen binder makes it possible to adjust its properties such as the softening temperature (by the method of Ring and ball), the depth of penetration of the needle, the apparent viscosity. Stone-mastic asphalt concrete based on bitumen modified with colloidal additive has increased physical and mechanical characteristics. To study the changes in the microstructural organization of bitumens modified with colloidal additive, images of the relief and phase contrast of the surface of samples of bitumen binder with the addition of collagen-containing additive were obtained. The influence of colloidal additive on the change of the microstructure of the bitumen binder, on which the change of the basic properties of bitumen depends, is revealed.

E.O. RUDAKOV¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
L.A. URKHANOVA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.V. SHADRINOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.A. BORISOVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ East Siberia state university of technology and management (40v, Kluchevskaya Street, Ulan-Ude, 670013, Russian Federation)
² Institute of Problems of Oil and Gas of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (20, Avtodorozhnaya Street, Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation)

1. Yastremskiy D.A., Abaidulina T.N., Chepur P.V. The problem of increasing the durability of asphalt concrete pavement and ways to solve it. Sovremennye naukoemkie technologii. 2016. No. 3–2, pp. 307–310. (In Russian).
2. Golubeva E.A. Chistyakov Yu.P. Experience using crushed stone mastic asphalt concrete. Mir Dorog. 2017. No. 98, pp. 49–52. (In Russian).
3. Kostin V.I. Shchebenochno-mastichnyy asfal’tobeton dlya dorozhnykh pokrytiy [Crushed stone mastic asphalt concrete for road surfaces]. N. Novgorod: NNGASU. 2009. 65 p.
4. Gorelysheva L.A. The experience of using a panel for the device of the upper layer of road surfaces. Dorogi i mosty. 2009. No. 1 (21), pp. 221–229. (In Russian).
5. Borisenko Yu.G., Borisenko O.A., Kazaryan S.O., Ionov M.Ch. Influence of fine-disperse screenings of expanded clay crushing on structure and properties of stone mastic asphalt concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 5, pp. 82–85.
6. Selitskaya N.V., Lashin M.V. The use of bitumen-rubber knitting materials in the construction of roads and railways. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo technologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shuhova. 2018. No. 8, pp. 13–18. (In Russian).
7. Patent RF 2486258. Sposob poluchenia produktov rastvoreniya kollagena [The method of obtaining products of dissolution of collagen]. Shalbuev D.V., Jarni-kova E.V. Declared 10.01.2012. Published 27.06.2013. (In Russian).
8. Patent RF 2531816. Prorezinenye asphaltovye granuly [Rubberized Asphalt Granules]. Baillie William R. Declared 27.08.2009. Published 10.10.2012 (In Russian).
9. Rudakov E.O., Urkhanova L.A., Shalbuyev D.V. Efficient stonemastic asphalt with use of the colloid additives. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Science. 2016. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i2s.578
10. Rudakov E.O., Urhanova L.A., Shalbuev D.V. Asphalt concrete and crushed-stone and mastic asphalt concrete with application of colloidal additives. Vestnik Vostochno-Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta technologiy i upravleniya. 2015. No. 6 (57), pp. 38–42. (In Russian).
11. Lesueur D. The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 2009. Vol. 145. Iss. 1–2, pp. 42–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.08.011
12. Emelyanycheva E.A., Abdullin A.I. The study of modified oil bitumen by atomic force microscopy Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2012. Vol. 15. No. 12, pp. 172–174.

Silica fume is a strategic multi-purpose raw material resource for the construction industry of the Russian Federation. The possibility of synthesis of microsilica on the basis of opal-cristobalite rocks is shown. It has been established that on the basis of diatomites from deposits of the middle Volga region of the Russian Federation and the Aktyubinsk region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is possible to obtain synthetic silica fume of high “purity” with silica content above 99%, particle size 20–200 nm, bulk density below 200 kg/m³. As a result of experimental studies carried out with the use of modern instruments and equipment, and analyzing the elemental composition, the structure of diatomites and the structural features of the surface of particles of disperse systems have established: synthesized silica fume is represented by the opal mineral; has an amorphous structure with porosity up to 95%; The surface of the particles of synthesized silica contains mainly silanol groups, adsorbed water, and is characterized by high heterogeneity with the fractal dimension of scattering inhomogeneities D_s=2.64. An analytical (polynomial) model of the dependence of the particle size, the “purity” of the synthesized silicon dioxide on the concentration, temperature, and the ratio L:S of a colloidal solution in the synthesis process was obtained. The possibility of using synthesized silicon dioxide for the production of: vacuum insulation panels (with a thermal conductivity of 0.002–0.02 W/m·K); high-strength cement composites (strength over 100 MPa on the seventh day); uviol glasses.

V.P. SELYAEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.A. NEVEROV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
R.E. NURLYBAEV², PhD (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
P.V. SELYAEV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.L. KECHUTKINA¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.V. LIYASKIN¹, Post-graduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Street, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, 430005, Russian Federation)
² Satbayev University (Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev) (office 13, 22, Satpayeva Street, Almaty, 050013, Republic of Kazakhstan)

1. Selyaev V.P., Selyaev P.V. Fiziko-khimicheskiye osnovy mekhaniki razrusheniya tsementnykh kompozitov [Physical and chemical fundamentals of mechanics of destruction of cement composites ]. Saransk: Publishing house of the Mordovian university. 2018. 220 p.
2. Selyaev V.P., Lukin A.N., Kolotushkin A.V. Cement compositions for high strength concrete. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 3 (17), pp. 4–9. (In Russian)
3. Selyaev V.P., Neverov V.A., Osipov A.K. and others. Teploizolyatsionnyye materialy i izdeliya na osnove vakuumirovannykh dispersnykh poroshkov mikrokremnezema i diatomita [Heat-insulating materials and products based on evacuated dispersed powders of silica fume and diatomite]. Saransk: Publishing house of the Mordovian university. 2013. 220 p.
4. Danilevsky L.N. Vacuum insulation and prospects for its use in construction. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2006. No. 5, pp. 114–117. (In Russian).
5. Selyaev V.P., Nurlybaev R.E., Osipov A.K., Neverov V.A., Kechutkina E.L., Selyaev P.V. Thermal insulation panels like VIP using modified diatomite. Proceedings of the international Satpaev readings. The role of young scientists in the implementation of the new economic policy of Kazakhstan. Almaty 2015. Vol. 1, pp. 87–89. (In Russian).
6. Minevich V.E., Nikiforov E.A., Vinitsky A.L. and others. Highly effective heat-insulating materials based on diatomaceous earth. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construc-tion Materials]. 2012. No. 11, pp. 18–22. (In Russian).
7. Ketov P.A. Obtaining building materials from hydrated polysilicates. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 11, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
8. Selyaev V.P., Kupriyashkina L.I., Boldyrev A.A. and others. Sukhiye stroitel’nyye smesi Mordovii [Dry building mixtures of Mordovia]. Saransk: Publishing house of the Mordovian university. 2007. 144 p.
9. Chuyko A.A. Meditsinskaya khimiya i klinicheskoye primeneniye dioksida kremniya [Medical chemistry and clinical application of silicon dioxide]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 2003. 417 p.
10. Sedova A.A., Sivko A.P., Osipov A.K., Selyaev V.P., Kupriyashkina L.I. Synthetic amorphous microsilica as a raw material for cooking “clean” and uviolium multicomponent glasses. The 9th International Conference “Stekloprogress-XXI”. Saratov. May 22–25. 2018, pp. 1–10. (In Russian).
11. Syrbu S.A., Salikhova A.Kh., Fedorinov A.S. Deve-lopment of flame retardants for textile materials for decorative purposes. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noy promyshlen-nosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 114–117. (In Russian).
12. Tsai W.T., Hsien K.J., Yang J.M. Silica adsorbent prepared from spent diatomaceous earth and its application to removal of dye from aqueous solution. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2004. Vol. 275. No. 2, pp. 428–433.
13. The review of the market of silicon dioxide (white soot and aerosil) in the CIS. Moscow. Edition 4th. 2013. http://www.infomine.ru/ (date of access 15.04.2019). (In Russian).
14. Real C., Alcala M.D., Griado J.M. Preparation of silica from rice husks. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1996. Vol. 79. No. 8, pp. 2012–2016.
15. Oehler S. Munsterlander Hof renoviert. 9 Jnternationa-le Passivhaus tagung. Hannaver. 2006, pp. 57–62.
16. Ahmaruzzaman M., Gupta V.K. Rice husk and its ash as low– cost adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment. Industrial and engineering chemistry research. 2011. No. 50, pp. 13589–13613.
17. Deniskina N.D., Kalinin D.V., Kazantseva L.K. Noble opals. Proceedings of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics. 1987. Iss. 693. 184 p. (In Russian).
18. Karpov I.A., Samarov E.N., Maslov V.M. On the internal structure of spherical particles of opal. Fizika tverdogo tela. 2005. Vol. 47. No. 2, pp. 334–338. (In Russian).
19. Zemnuhov L.A., Panasenko A.E., Tsoi E.A. et al. Composition and structure of samples of amorphous silica from rice husk and straw. Neorganicheskiye materialy. 2014. Vol. 50. No. 1, pp. 82–89. (In Russian).
20. El Ashkar N., Morsy A., Tarek A. Using of nanoparticles extracted from rice husk as cementitious material for sustainability issues. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 5, pp. 25–31. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-770-5-25-31
21. Polucheniye sinteticheskogo dioksida kremniya osoboy chistoty [Production of synthetic silica of high purity]. Moscow: NIITEkhim. 1979. 44 p.
22. Patent RF 2526454. Sposob polucheniya tonkodispersnogo amorfnogo mikrokremnezema [Method for producing finely divided amorphous silica fume]. Selyaev V.P., Osi-pov A.K., Sedova A.A., Kupriyashkina L.I. Declared 30.01.13. Published 20.08.14. Bulletin No. 23. (In Russian).
23. Patent RF 2625114. Sposob polucheniya tonkodispersnogo amorfnogo mikrokremnezema zol’-gel’ metodom [The method of obtaining fine amorphous microsilica by the sol-gel method] Selyaev V.P., Sedova A.A., Kupriyashkina L.I., Osipov A.K., Selyaev P.V. Declared 22.04.16. Published 11.07.17. (In Russian).
24. Selyaev V.P., Sedova A.A., Kupriyashkina L.I., Osipov A.K. Optimization of the technological regimes of sol-gel production by the method of high-purity silica fume with nanoscale-level particles. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 2 (710), pp. 5–13. (In Russian).
25. Chuyko A.A., Gorlov Yu.I. Khimiya poverkhnosti kremnezema: stroyeniye poverkhnosti, aktivnyye tsentry, mekhanizmy [Silica surface chemistry: surface structure, active centers, mechanisms]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 1992. 246 p.
26. Patent RF 2023664. Sposob polucheniya osazhdennogo kremnezemnogo napolnitelya [The method of obtaining precipitated silica filler]. Derevyanko V.V., Sobolev V.F., Poplyakov E.P., Zverev Yu.N., Balabanov V.M. Declared 23.09.91. Published 30.11.94. Bulletin No. 27. (In Russian).
27. Patent RF 2261840. Sposob polucheniya amorfnogo dioksida kremniya [The method of obtaining amorphous silicon dioxide]. Nasedkin V.V., Doronin A.N., Melkonyan R.G., Nagaeva L.M., Korotchenko A.P., Yusupov T.S. Declared 18.06.04. Published 10.10.05. Bulletin No. 28. (In Russian).
28. Zemnukhova L.A., Panasenko A.E., Tsoi E.A., Fedo-rishcheva G.A., Shapkin N.P., Artem’yanov A.P., Mayorov V.Yu. Composition and structure of samples of amorphous silica from rice husk and straw. Neorganicheskiye materialy. 2014. Vol. 50. No. 1, pp. 82–89. (In Russian)
29. Zemukhova L.A., Egorov A.V., Fedorishcheva G.A., Barinov N.N., Sokolnitskaya T.A., Botsul A.I. Properties of amorphous silica obtained from waste from the processing of rice and oats. Neorganicheskiye materialy. 2006. Vol. 42. No. 1, pp. 27–32. (In Russian).
30. Patent RF 2378194. Reaktsiya sinteza dioksida kremniya i sposob yego polucheniya plamennym gidrolizom [Silicon dioxide synthesis reaction and method for its production by flame hydrolysis]. Vavilov V.V., Sudiyarov G.I., Storozhenko P.A., Polivanov A.N., Kochurkov A.A Declared 06.02.08. Published 10.01.10. (In Russian).
31. Ailer R. Khimiya kremnezema v 2-kh chastyakh [Che-mistry of silica in 2 parts]. Moscow: Mir. 1982. 1128 p.
32. Bazhenov Yu.M., Chernyshov E.M., Korotkikh D.N. Designing of modern concrete structures: determining principles and technological platforms. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 3 (711), pp. 6–15. (In Russian).
33. Mikosha Yu.S. Kremnistyye porody SSSR (diatomity, opoki, trepely, spongolity, radiolyarity) [Siliceous rocks of the USSR (diatomites, flasks, tripoli, spongolites, radiolarites)]. Kazan. 1976. 286 p.

The final part of a series of publications devoted to the problem of nanotechnologies of building composites with inorganic hydration-synthesis, hydrothermal-synthesis, thermal-synthesis hardening systems determining the possibility of obtaining lime, cement, silicate, ceramic materials with new properties is presented. The motives of preparing the series of publications are discussed, the analysis of the concepts and scientific basis of the solution of problems of the nano-modification technologies of structures of hardening systems of mentioned building composites is made. In the framework of the theory of the evolutionary route of solid-phase state formation, conceptual models of the regularities of such formation, control factors are identified and an arsenal of “nano” for nano-modification technologies is proposed. The theoretical and practical significance of the research results is assessed. In this regard, examples of their effective implementation in engineering construction and technological activities and educational practice are given.

E.M. CHERNYSHOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of RAAСS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.V. ARTAMONOVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (84, 20-let Oktyabrya Street, Voronezh, 394006, Russian Federation)

1. Bazhenov Yu.M. Nanotechnology in the construction and production of building materials. Nanosystems in the construction and production of building materials: A collection of reports of participants in the round table. Moskva. 2007, pp. 12–18. (In Russian).
2. Gusev B.V., Falikman V.R., Leistner S., Yoshpa B., Petushkov A.V. Industry technological research “development of the Russian market of nanotechnological products in the construction industry until 2020”. Part 3. Analysis of the Russian market. Nanotehnologii v stroitel’stve: scientific Internet-journal. 2013. No. 3, pp. 6–20. (In Russian).
3. Kaprielov S.S., Travush V.I., Sheinfeld A.V., and others. Modified concretes of a new generation in the buildings of Moscow International Business Center “Moscow-City”. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. № 10, pp. 8–12. (In Russian).
4. Komokhov P.G. Sol-gel as a concept of nanotech-nology cement composite. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 8, pp. 14–15. (In Russian).
5. Korolev E.V. Nanotechnology in construction materials. Analysis of the status and achievements. Ways of development. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 11, pp. 47–79. (In Russian).
6. Puharenko Yu.V., Aubakirova I.U., Nikitin V.A, and others. Modification of cement composites with a mixed nanocarbon material of fulleroid type. Tehnologii betonov. 2013. No. 12 (89), pp. 13–15. (In Russian).
7. Strokova V.V., Sivalneva M.N., Zhernovskiy I.V. and others. Features of the hardening mechanism of a nanostructured binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 1–2, pp. 62–69. (In Russian).
8. Urkhanova L.A., Lkhasaranov S.A., Bardakhanov S.P. Modified concrete with nano-dispersed additives. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 8, pp. 52–55. (In Russian).
9. Falikman V.R. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in the production of building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 9, pp. 77–81. (In Russian).
10. Chernyshov E.M. Patterns of development of the structure of autoclaved materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 1992. No. 1, pp. 28–31. (In Russian).
11. Sheinfeld A.V. Features of the formation of hierarchical micro- and nanostructures of cement systems with complex organic-mineral modifier. Beton i zhelezobeton. No. 2, pp. 16–21. (In Russian).
12. Melikhov I.V. Fiziko-himicheskaja jevoljucija tverdogo veshhestva. [Physico-chemical evolution of solids]. Moscow: BINOM. Knowledge Lab. 2009. 309 p.
13. Wilson M., Kannangara K., Smith G. et al. Nano-technology. Basic science and emerging technologies. Boca Raton: A CRC Press Co. 2002. 272 p.
14. Tretyakov Yu.D., Oleynikov N.N., Gudilin E.A., Vertegel A.A., Baranov A.N. Self-organization in physicochemical systems towards the creation of new materials. Neorganicheskie materialy. 1994. Vol. 30. No. 3, pp. 277–290. (In Russian).
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16. Lothenbach В., Winnefeld F., Figi R. The influence of superplasticizers on the hydration of Portland cement. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement. Montreal. 2007, pp. 211–233.
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Topical issues related to the durability and chemical corrosion of masonry at modern construction sites are discussed. Controversial issues presented in the articles by D.Yu. Zheldakov, according to the results of his research of chemical corrosion and durability of brick masonry are considered. The substantiation of resistance of ceramic brick to chemical corrosion, and also that for our climate the main property defining durability of products is frost resistance is made. A critical analysis of the brick-work destruction mechanism proposed by the author is presented, where the basis is the reaction between calcium hydroxide and silicon and aluminum oxides with the formation of wollastonite and mono-calcium aluminate. The inconsistency of the conclusions made by the author that he has developed a mechanism for the destruction of bricks in the “brick-cement-sand mortar” system at positive temperatures is shown. The method proposed by the author for calculating the ultimate durability of the structural material with respect to the strength parameter taking into account chemical corrosion processes, as well as the author’s main conclusion that when using multi-layer enclosing structures, their durability must not be determined for each material, but only taking into account the chemical destruction processes under the mutual influence of all materials is questioned.

V.D. KOTLYAR¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.I. NEBEZHKO², Engineer
Yu.V. TEREKHINA¹, Engineer
A.V. KOTLYAR¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

¹ Don State Technical University (1, Gagarin Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation)
² Individual Entrepreneur (108, Prosveshcheniya Street, Novocherkassk, 344000, Russian Federation)

1. Zheldakov D.Yu. Chemical corrosion of a bricklaying. Problem definition. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 6, pp. 29–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-760-6-29-32 (In Russian).
2. Zheldakov D.Yu. Chemical corrosion of brick masonry. Process running. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 4, pp. 36–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-769-4-36-43 (In Russian).
3. Berkman A.S., Mel’nikova I.G. Struktura i morozostoykost’ stenovykh materialov [The structure and frost resistance of wall materials]. Moscow: Gosstroyizdat. 1962. 167 p.
4. Mikul’skiy V.G., Sakharov G.P. i dr. Stroitel’nyye materialy. Materialovedeniye. Tekhnologiya konstruktsionnykh materialov [Building materials. Materials science. Technology of structural materials]. Moscow: ASV. 2007. 520 p.
5. Popov K.N., Kaddo M.B. Stroitel’nyye materialy i izdeliya [Building materials and products]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 2008. 440 p.
6. Popov K.N., Kaddo M.B., Kul’kov O.V. Otsenka kachestva stroitel’nykh materialov [Assessment of the quality of building materials]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 2004. 287 p.
7. Ryb’yev I.A. Stroitel’noye materialovedeniye [Building materials science]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 2003. 701 p.
8. Gorchakov G.I., Bazhenov Yu.M. Stroitel’nyye materialy [Building materials]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1986. 688 p.
9. Avgustinik A.I. Keramika [Ceramics]. Leningrad: Stroyizdat. 1975. 592 p.
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14. Gorshkov V.S., Savel’yev V.G., Fedorov N.F. Fizicheskaya khimiya silikatov i drugikh tugoplavkikh soyedineniy [Physical chemistry of silicates and other refractory compounds]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1988. 400 p.
15. Lyubomirskiy N.V., Fedorkin S.I., Kostandov Yu.A. i dr. Strength and deformability of building materials forced carbonate hardening. Stroitel’stvo i tekhnogennaya bezopasnost’. 2018. No. 11(63), pp. 57–65. (In Russian).
16. Lyubomirsky N.V., Fedorkin S.I., Bakhtin A.S., Bakhtina T.A., Lyubomirskaya T.V. Research in influence of regimes of forced carbonate hardening on properties of materials on the basis of lime­limestone compositions of semidry pressing. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 8, pp. 7–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-751-8-7-12. (In Russian).
17. Lyubomirskiy N.V., Bakhtina T.A., Bakhtin A.S. Change in the physicomechanical properties of calcareous carbonate-calcium materials of forced carbonate hardening over time. Stroitel’stvo i tekhnogennaya bezopasnost’. 2017. No. 8 (60), pp. 67–73. (In Russian).
18. Pishchulina V., Kotlyar V., Argun A. Integrated cross-disciplinary approach to dating the architectural heritage objects. Based on Abkhazia and Chechnya Architectural Monuments Dating back from 2nd to 11th Centuries. 2nd International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2018) «Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research». Vol. 284, pp. 613–617.
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23. Storozhenko G.I. To discussion on development of the theory of chemical corrosion of brick masonry. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 62–65. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-774-9-62-65

The possibility of using peat ash as the main component of ash-alkaline binder is considered. The properties of ash produced at the CHP (heat and power plant) when combusting the peat have been studied. A comprehensive study conducted using electron microscopic, x-ray phase and chemical analyses, established that peat ash consists of small particles, which are mainly in an amorphous form. It is shown that the chemical composition of the material under study is an acidic aluminosilicate raw material. Peat ash is not hydrated by water and does not harden on its own. The introduction of an alkaline component (liquid glass) is proposed for the manifestation of the binding properties by ash. The necessity of modifying industrial liquid glass from a silicate block by introducing an additional amount of alkali NaOH into its composition and a short boiling has been established. It is concluded that the combined use of peat ash and modified liquid glass from a silicate block makes it possible to obtain an ash-alkaline binder with an activity of more than 20 MPa. It is noted that the main indicators of the properties of the ash-alkali binder depend on the amount of alkali introduced into the liquid glass, the density of the liquid glass and its flow rate in the binder system. On the basis of experimental data the conclusion about expediency of the use of peat ash as a part of ash-alkaline binder is made. The possibility of using peat ash was confirmed by the results of gamma-spectral analysis for determining the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides. The efficiency of using peat ash in the production of clinkerless binders is shown.

V.V. RUSINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Yu.A. SHESTAKOVA, Master (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kostroma State Agricultural Academy (34, Training camp, Karavaevo, Kostroma Region, 156530, Russian Federation)

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8. Kaprielov S.S., Sheinfeld A.V., Dondukov V.G. Cements and additives for producing high-strength concretes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 4–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-754-11-4-10. (In Russian).
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18. Kozhukhova N.I., Danakin D.N., Zhernovsky I.V. Features of producing geopolymeric gas concrete on the basis of fly ash of Novotroitskaya TPS. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 113–117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-113-117. (In Russian).
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21. Kozhukhova N.I., Chizhov R.V., Zhernovskii I.V., Loganina V.I., Strokova V.V. Features of the structure formation geopolymer binder system based on perlite using different types of alkaline activator. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 3, pp. 61–64. (In Russian).
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