One of the tasks of the national project “Safe and High-Quality Roads “ being implemented is the use of technologies based on the reuise of materials. This work is devoted to the analysis of existing methods of strengthening and stabilizing clay soils, with special attention to soils containing organic substances in their composition. The task is to assess the impact of binders and/or the most well-known stabilizing additives on clay soil, including those with a high content of organic substances. A comparison of the physical and mechanical characteristics of reinforced clay soils was made, while the most famous additives from various manufacturers are given. The consumption of mineral binders and additives when strengthening clay soils is indicated. The advantages of complex soil strengthening with the use of mineral binder (cement) and polymer additives are shown. The possibility of using soils with a high content of organic substances in the structural layers of road pavements has been proved. When modifying soils, it is necessary to take into account their genetic type, since it strongly affects the strength characteristics.

B.A. BONDAREV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.N. KANISHCHEV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.E. BORISOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Lipetsk State Technical University (30, Moskovskaya Street, Lipetsk, 398042, Russian Federation)
² Voronezh State Technical University University (84, 20th Anniversary of October str., Voronezh, 394006, Russian Federation)

1. Bekhterev R.A., Yurkin Yu.V., Avdonin V.V., Basalaev A.A. Review of methods of stabilization of heaving soils of the Kirov region. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. 2022. No. 6, pp. 356-374. (In Russian).
2. Borisov A.E. Technology of repair of lightweight and transitional type pavement using a ground concrete mixture. Cand. diss.(Engeneering). Voronezh. 2022. 147 p. (In Russian).
3. Akimov A.E., Trautvain A.I., Chernogil V.B. Increasing the physical and mechanical characteristics of reinforced soils when using stabilizing additives of the series. Science and education in modern conditions. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Neftekamsk, September 15, 2017, pp. 49–55. (In Russian).
4. Dmitrieva T.V., Kutsyna N.P., Bezrodnykh A.A., Strokova V.V., Markova I.Yu. The effectiveness of strengthening man-made soil with mineral modifiers. Vestnik BGTU im. V.G. Shukhova. 2019. No. 7, pp. 14–23. (In Russian). DOI: 10.34031/article_5d14bdcc8eca43.21244159
5. Dmitrieva T.V., Markova I.Yu., Strokova V.V., Bezrodnykh A.A., Kutsyna N.P. The effectiveness of stabilizers of various compositions in strengthening soils with mineral binder. Stroitel’nye materialy i izdeliya. 2020. Vol. 3. No. 1, pp. 30–38. (In Russian).
6. Ponomarev A.D., Dalyaev N.Yu. Innovative methods of soil stabilization and strengthening. Deep stabilization. Topical issues in science and practice: A collection of articles based on the materials of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference. Kazan. 2017, pp. 112–116. (In Russian).
7. Zagorodnykh K.S., Kukina O.B. Analysis of the problem of strengthening clay soils. Scientific Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Student and Science. 2016. No. 9, pp. 55–63. (In Russian).
8. Dmitrieva T.V., And Bezrodnykh.A., Kutsyna N.P. On the issue of terminology in the development of dirt–concrete foundations of highways. Collection of proceedings of the scientific and practical scientific International Conference dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the V.G. Shukhov BSTU “Science-intensive technologies and innovations” (XXIII scientific readings). Belgorod: BSTU, 2019. (In Russian).
9. Sviridenko M.V., Fedorova V.S. Methods of regeneration of road clothes. Materials of the 57th Student Scientific and Technical Conference of the Engineering and Construction Institute of TOGU (April 17–27, 2017). Khabarovsk: Pacific Ocean State University, 2017, pp. 256–260. (In Russian).
10. Podolsky Vl.P., Kanishchev A.N., Boisov A.E. Application of reinforced organomineral soil in road construction. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoi otrasli. 2016. No. 2, pp. 10–13. (In Russian).
11. Borisov A.E., Kanishchev A.N., Kozlov V.A. The influence of mineral additives on the physico-mechanical properties of reinforced organomineral. Nauchnyi zhurnal stroitel’stva i arkhitektury. 2022. No. 2 (66), pp. 87–93. (In Russian).
12. Mogilevtsev D.A., Trautvain A.I. Theoretical foundations of soil strengthening and stabilization. Collection of reports of the IX International Youth Forum “Education. The science. Production”. October 6–13, 2017 Belgorod. 2017. (In Russian).
13. Skrypnikov A.V., Kozlov V.G., Lomakin D.V., Logoida V.S. Investigation of industrial waste for soil strengthening. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya. 2016. No. 12–1, pp. 102–106. (In Russian).
14. Glukhov A.V., Ostapchuk E.E., Saraseko V.V., Treushkov I.V. Application of soil properties modifiers and mineral binders for the construction of unpaved airfields in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Sovremennye problemy grazhdanskoi zashchity. 2022. No. 3 (44), pp. 80–88. (In Russian).
15. Shelomentsev S.V., Reprintsev V.A. Improvement of soil properties using modifiers. Izvestiya TulGU. Nauki o Zemle. 2019. No. 1, pp. 315–326. (In Russian).
16. Yadykina V.V., Lukash E.A., Kondrashov D.S. The effect of stabilizing additives on the properties of Portland cement-reinforced soils. Vestnik BGTU im. V.G. Shukhova. 2017. No. 11, pp. 6–10. (In Russian).
17. Churilin V.S., Pushkareva G.V. On the need to take into account the genetics of soils in their complex strengthening. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2021. Vol. 23. No. 6, pp. 190–200. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-6-190-200
18. Nikonorova I.V., Sokolov N.S. Construction and territorial development of landslide slopes of the Cheboksary water reservoir. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 9, pp. 13–19. (In Russian).
19. Sokolov N., Ezhov S., Ezhova S. Preserving the natural landscape on the construction site for sustainable ecosystem. Journal of applied engineering science. 2017. Vol. 15. No. 4, pp. 518–523.
20. Du Ch., Yang G., Zhang T., Yang K. Miltiskale study of the effect of promoters on clay with low plasticity stabilized by cement-based composites. Construction and building materials. 2019. July. Vol. 213, pp. 537–548.
21. Kushvakha S.S., Kishan D., Dindorkar N. Stabilization of expanding soil using soil enzyme Eco for highway embankment. Materialstoday: proceedings. 2018. Vol. 5, Iss. 9, pp. 19667–19679.
22. Chen., Liangv., Li., Wu., Chen., Xiaou., ZhaoLi, Zhangzh., HueLi. Modification, application and reaction mechanisms of nanoscale iron sulfide particles to remove pollutants from soil and water: review. Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2019. Vol. 362. April, pp. 144–159.
23. Rimal S., Poudel R.K., Gautam D. Experimental study of the properties of natural soils treated with cement dust. Case studies in the field of building materials. 2019. June. Vol. 10. e00223.

The geography of plants for the production of ceramic bricks for 2023 is analyzed. The experience of a brick factory, where ash and slag waste of the Orenburg region CHP was used as the main raw material, is considered. In factory conditions, the possibility of obtaining ordinary compression-molded ceramic bricks from low-quality raw materials and industrial waste with optimal structure and physico-mechanical properties meeting the requirements of GOST 530–2012 has been confirmed. The results of studies of changes in the chemical, mineralogical composition and technological properties of raw materials are presented. The technology of ceramic brick production, which has passed semi-factory tests, including complex processing of ash and slag waste, is proposed. The physical and technical indicators of the brick prototypes confirm that ASW in a composition with silica gel can be involved in industrial production, which will increase the efficiency of using the natural resources of the Orenburg region.

V.A. GUR'EVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineerig) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. DOROSHIN, graduate student

Orenburg State University (13, Pobedy Avenue, Orenburg, 460018, Russian Federation)

1. Kotlyar A.V., Shebeko Yu.I., Bozhko Yu.A. [et al.] Clinker brick based on sandstone crushing screenings of the Rostov region. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 8, pp. 9–15. (In Russian). DOI 10.31659/0585-430X-2020-783-8-9-15
2. Apanskaya D.E., Sukhoi P.N., Karpyuk L.Y. [et al.]Expansion of the raw material base for the production of effective ceramic building materials. Fundamenta’nye issledovanija. 2018. No. 12–2, pp. 197–202. (In Russian).
3. Semenov A.A. The Russian market of ceramic bricks. Trends and prospects of development. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 12, pp. 4–5. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430X-2020-787-12-4-5
4. Semenov A.A. The results of the development of the Russian market of wall materials in 2021. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 3, pp. 44–45. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430X-2022-800-3-44-45
5. Avgustinik A.I. Keramika. Leningrad: Strojizdat, 1975. 592 p.
6. Syromyasov V.A., Vakalova T.V., Storozhenko G.I. The practice of decision-making when choosing a method of production of ceramic bricks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 8, pp. 4–8. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430X-2020-783-8-4-8
7. Storozhenko G.I. Shoeva T.E. Technology of residential molding of ceramic hedgehog based on loams of working Siberia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 12, pp. 4–8. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430X-2021-798-12-4-8
8. Besyazny A.N., Yavruyan H.S., Gaishun E.S. Highly effective ceramic stones from the screening of the processing of the Eastern Donbass terrikonikov Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 8, pp. 16–24. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430X-2020-783-8-16-21
9. Gurieva V.A., Ilyina A.A., Doroshin A.V. Prospects for the development of building ceramics based on clays and nickel slags of Orenburg region. Materials Science Forum. 2020. Vol. 992 MSF, pp. 54–58. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.992.54

One of the acute problems in the ceramic industry is the shortage of light-melting clays used in the production of white bricks. Therefore, one of the relevant directions is the search for technological solutions for the clarification of existing raw materials. A well-known and proven option is the introduction of wollastonite into the charge, which is a calcium silicate CaSiO₃, where calcium oxide is contained in an amount of about 48%, and silicon dioxide – about 52%. The mineral has a needle-like or tabular habit of particles. This raw material has a number of unique properties and a high level of whiteness. The article deals with the topic of distribution of wollastonite and its application in modern industry. Natural wollastonite is widely distributed in the USA and China, where it is listed as a strategic raw material. There are currently no active deposits on the territory of Russia. One of the most promising is the Slyudyanskoye, however, it has not been functioning for more than 10 years. The introduction of wollastonite into the ceramic mass reduces the firing temperature, minimizes shrinkage, which leads to a reduced percentage of defects in production. The synthesis of artificial wollastonite is currently being implemented on the basis of several technologies. Using one of them, and choosing the opal-carbonate rock of the Partyshevsky deposit of the Rostov region as the main raw material, the authors obtained a trial batch of synthetic wollastonite. Laboratory tests conducted have shown the effectiveness of its use as a clarifier on both refractory light clays and dark-burning low-melting ones. Next, a lot of work is to be done to optimize the technology of wollastonite synthesis and study its effect on the properties of ceramic products.

Yu.A. BOZHKO¹, Engineer, Assistant (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.A. OVDUN¹, Undergraduate (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.Yu. PARTYSHEV² (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Don State Technical University (1, Gagarina Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344010, Russian Federation)
² Individual entrepreneur (Novocherkassk, Russian Federation)

1. Abdrakhimov V.Z. Wollastonite in ceramic materials. Ogneupory i tekhnicheskaya keramika. 2006. No. 7, pp. 41–47. (In Russian).
2. Budnikov P.P., Poluboyarinov D.N. Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya keramiki i ogneuporov [Chemical technology of ceramics and refractories]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1972. 551 p.
3. Chistyakov B.Z. Vollastonit [Wollastonite]. Moscow: Nauka. 1982. 212 p.
4. Il’icheva E.S., Gotlib E.M., Pashin D.M., Budano-va  T.V. Wollastonite as an effective filler for polymeric materials. Vestnik of KSTU named arter A.N. Tupolev. 2013. No. 2. Vol. 1, pp. 49–53. (In Russian).
5. Gusev A.I. Mineral resource base of wollastonite of Gorny Altai. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii. 2011. No. 2, pp. 11–16. (In Russian).
6. Korneev V.I. More about wollastonite. Stroiprofil’. 2002. No. 2, pp. 38–40. (In Russian).
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8. Gladun V.D., Khol’kin A.I., Akat’eva L.V. The prospect of creating the production of synthetic wollastonite. Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2007. Vol. 2. No. 7, pp. 27–31. (In Russian).
9. Tyul’nin V.A. Vollastonit – unikal’noe mineral’noe syr’e mnogotselevogo naznacheniya [Wollastonite is a unique multi-purpose mineral raw material]. Moscow: Ruda i metally. 2003. 144 p.
10. Kotlyar V.D. Classification of siliceous opoka-like rocks as raw materials for the production of wall ceramics. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2009. No. 3, pp. 36–39. (In Russian).
11. Afanas’eva N.I., Samigullin R.R., Nikolaev K.G., Islamova G.G., Permyakov E.N., Kornilov A.V. Lime-silica raw material for obtaining synthetic wollastonite. Vestnik of the Kazan Technological University. 2010. No. 5, pp. 22–26. (In Russian).
12. Kotlyar V.D. Stenovaya keramika na osnove kremnistykh opal-kristobalitovykh porod – opok [Wall ceramics based on siliceous opal-cristobalite rocks – opoks]. Rostov n/D.: RITs RGSU. 2011. 278 p.
13. Kotlyar V.D., Talpa B.V. Opoks are a promising raw material for wall ceramics. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 2, pp. 31–33. (In Russian).

It has been presented the results of studies on the volumetric coloring of wall ceramic materials with the addition of manganese concentrate (a by-product of the production of ferrosilicomanganese). The chemical, granulometric, mineral compositions of clay raw materials, representing the factory charge for the production of ceramic bricks, and manganese concentrate are given. The compositions of ceramic mixtures with different content of the technogenic coloring component and the technique for preparing samples by soft molding from plastics are considered. The dependences of the influence of the amount of manganese concentrate additive on the molding, drying and firing properties of clay mass have been established. An increase in the content of the coloring technogenic additive leads to a decrease in the average density and compressive strength of the samples, while there is a significant increase in their water absorption, which indicates a negative effect of the additive in an amount of more than 10% on the sintering processes during ceramic firing. It has been established that the introduction of manganese concentrate into the factory charge leads to the coloration of fired samples in various shades of brown. The optimal composition of the charge based on clay raw materials and by-products of the production of ferrosilicomanganese was determined to obtain volume-colored ceramic samples with a strength of 17–18 MPa by firing at 1030^оC. The main directions for further research are formulated.

A.Yu. STOLBOUSHKIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.O. PORTNOV², General Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.V. AKST³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.A. SHCHETININ², Chief Technologist (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
O.A. FOMINA⁴, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. SPIRIDONOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Siberian State Industrial University (42, Kirova Street, Novokuznetsk, 654007, Russian Federation)
² LLC Brick plant “Likolor” (6/1, Petukhova Street, Novosibirsk, 630088, Russian Federation)
³ LLC “SKS” (20A, Akademika Millionshchikova Street, Moscow, 115446, Russian Federation)
⁴ Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the RAS (4, Maly Kharitonievsky side Street, Moscow, 101990, Russian Federation)

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The paper presents the results of studies of clay raw materials of the Sukpakskoye deposit and mudstones of Ust-Elegest of the Republic of Tyva, as raw materials for the production of wall and building ceramics. Due to the fact that the technological properties of argillites seriously depend on mass preparation, then in order to reduce the cost of production, improve its quality and the possibility of obtaining various types of products, it is necessary to form ceramic masses from mechanically activated argillites and clay raw materials of a similar mineral composition, but differing in technological properties. The prospect of their use for the implementation of the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation N 868-r in terms of the development of territories and the construction materials industry in the region is shown.

T.V. SAPELKINA¹, Junior researcher (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
G.I. STOROZHENKO², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
T.E. SHOEVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Tuva Institute for the Integrated Development of Natural Resources of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (117 A, Internatsionalnaya Street, Kyzyl, 667007, Tyva Republic, Russian Federation)
² Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)

1. Kara-Sal B.K., Chudyuk S.A., Irgit B.B. Features of the use of argillite overburden rocks of coal mining for the production of ceramic wall materials. Vestnik of the Tuva State University. Issue 3. Technical and physical and mathematical sciences. 2020. No. 2 (62), pp. 6–18. (In Russian).
2. Kara-Sal B.K., Chudyuk S.A., Sapelkina T.V. Development of charge composition based on overburden rocks of coal mining for the manufacture of wall ceramic materials. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki. 2019. No. 9 135), pp. 165–169. (In Russian).
3. Kara-Sal B.K., Strelnikov A.A., Sapelkina T.V. Technological properties of ceramic masses based on argillic overburden coal mined at various grinding plants. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki. 2020. No. 5 (143), pp. 122–127. (In Russian).
4. Kara-Sal B.K., Chudyuk S.A., Sapelkina T.V. Technological properties of clayey overburden rocks of coal mining in the production of ceramic wall materials. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki. 2018. No. 1, pp. 165–169. (In Russian).
5. Kotlyar A.V. Characteristics of stone-like clay rocks as raw materials for the production of building ceramics. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 4, pp. 31–37. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-801-4-31-37
6. Kotlyar A.V. Clinker brick of low-temperature sintering based on argillite-like clays and argillites: Dis. … Candidate of Sciences (Engineering). Rostov-on-Don. 2018. 199 p.
7. Lazareva Ya.V., Lapunova K.A., Orlova M.E. Ceramic tiles made of mudstones as an element of roof-design in the appearance of modern megacities. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 4, pp. 42–46. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-790-4-42-46
8. Lazareva Ya.V., Kotlyar A.V., Terekhina Yu.V. Structural and mechanical features of ceramic tiles based on argillites and siliceous clays. Materials of the national scientific-practical conference “Actual problems of science and technology”. Rostov-on-Don. 2020, pp. 1649–1651.
9. Kotlyar A.V., Lapunova K.A., Lazareva Y.V., Orlova M.E. Effect of argillites reduction ratio on ceramic tile and paving clinker of low-temperature sintering. Materials and Technologies in Construction and Architecture. Material Science Forum Submitted. 2018. Vol. 931, pp. 526–531. https://doi.org/10.4028/www. Scientific.net/MSF.931.526
10. Osipov V.I., Sokolov V.N. Gliny i ikh svoistva. Sostav, stroenie i formirovanie svoistv [Clays and their properties. Composition, structure and formation of properties]. Moscow: GEOS. 2013. 576 p.
11. Kotlyar A.V., Talpa B.V., Lazareva Ya.V. Peculiarities of the chemical composition of argillite-like clays and argillites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 4, pp. 10–14. (In Russian).

The article discusses the issues of standardization of the properties of wedge-core products: road and wall bricks. The main provisions of the state standards in terms of technical characteristics of clinker bricks are reflected and gaps are indicated in terms of the use of clinker bricks in construction rules. A European approach to standardizing the properties of products for masonry was noted as a parameter of average density and establishing dependencies of technical characteristics and property groups. The classifications of ceramic products in related industries are given through the parameter of water drainage: sanitary products and ceramic tiles (thin ceramics). The market analysis data for masonry products for clinker products, the composition of which depends on the purpose and type of products, its water absorption and the masonry method, are shown. It is proposed to introduce the term “clinker ceramics” for sintered ceramic stone with water absorption of less than 6%. Clinker ceramics are divided into 3 groups: with a low water absorption of less than 0.5%; with average water absorption of less than 0.5–3%; with high uptake of less than 3–6%. Products based on clinker ceramic can have different shapes, sizes and emptiness and be made in the form of brick, stone, block, tiles, etc. It was noted that for the successful development and introduction of clinker products into mass construction, it is necessary to accumulate and analyze data on the properties of clinker products, as well as structures based on them, and reflect the obtained data in the regulatory and technical framework.

V.D. KOTLYAR¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Head of the Department of Construction Materials (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
K.M. UZHAKHOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.V. KOTLYAR¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Yu.V. TEREKHINA¹, Engineer, Lecturer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Don State Technical University, (1, Gagarina Square, Rostov-on-Don 344003, Russian Federation)
² Ingush State University, (7, I.B. Zyazikova Avenue, Magas, Republic of Ingushetia, 386001, Russian Federation)

1. Ezerskii V.A. Clinker. Technology and properties. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2011. No. 4, pp. 79–81. (In Russian).
2. Kotlyar V.D., Terekhina Yu.V., Kotlyar A.V. Features, application and requirements for clinker bricks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 4, pp. 72–74. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2015-724-4-72-74.
3. Korepanova V.F. Production of clinker bricks at the Nikolsky Brick Plant of LSR Group. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 4, pp. 10–13. (In Russian).
4. Saenko E.G., Korepanova V.F., Grinfel’d G.I. LSR facade clinker brick capabilities in import substitution. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 4, pp. 60–63. (In Russian).
5. Semenov A.A. Some trends in the development of the ceramic wall materials market in Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 4, pp. 4–5. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-801-4-4-5
6. Kotlyar A.V. Technological properties of argillite-like clays in the production of clinker bricks. Vestnik TGASU. 2016. No. 2 (55), pp. 164–175. (In Russian).
7. Uzhakhov K.M., Kotlyar A.V. Raw material base of the Republic of Ingushetia for the production of clinker bricks. Proceedings of the III All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation “Actual issues of modern construction of industrial regions of Russia”. Novokuznetsk, SGIU-ASI. 2022, pp. 225–228. (In Russian).
8. Kairakbaev A.K., Abdrakhimov V.Z., Abdrakhimova E.S. Porosity structure and technical properties of clinker materials based on non-ferrous metallurgy wastes of eastern Kazakhstan. Steklo i keramika. 2020. No. 2, pp. 44–50. (In Russian).
9. Kairakbaev A.K., Abdrakhimov V.Z., Abdrakhimova E.S. Influence of light fraction ash on porosity, frost resistance and water absorption of facade tiles. Ugol’. 2020. No. 12 (1137), pp. 44–48. (In Russian).
10. Khomenko E.S., Purdik A.V. Features of clinker ceramic microstructure formation. Steklo i keramika. 2017. No. 2, pp. 15–19. (In Russian).
11. Avgustinik A.I. Keramika [Ceramics] Leningrad: Stroyizdat.1975. 592 p.
12. Subashi De Silva G.H.M.J., Mallwattha M.P.D.P Strength, durability, thermal and run-off properties of fired clay roof tiles incorporated with ceramic sludge. Construction and Building Materials. 2018. Vol. 179, pp. 390–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.187
13. Khodakovs’ka T.V., Ogorodnіk І.V., Dmitrenko N.D. Ceramic clinker for facing facades and paving of roads with the use of field plastic-containing raw materials. Budіvel’nі materіali, virobi ta sanіtarna tekhnіka. 2006. Vol. 22, pp. 60–67.
14. Koleda V.V., Mikhailyuta E.S., Alekseev E.V., Tsybulko E.S. Technological features of the production of clinker bricks. Steklo i keramika. 2009. No. 4, pp. 17–20. (In Russian).
15. Fedosov S.V., Malbiev S.A. Regulation of construction of underground structures of buildings and facilities from stone materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 4, pp. 41–45.(In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-758-4-41-45

Product lifecycle management is more and more firmly established in the practice of design and construction, and the logging road will not be an exception here. The development of approaches to risk management in road construction forces customers to make more and more new requirements for the design and survey processes in order to accumulate information about the future construction object. The task set in the work on managing the life cycle of a logging road based on risk analysis and quality management is solved by a comprehensive analysis of both the life cycle stages themselves and the impacts on risks at each of these stages. Visualization of the life cycle of a highway with the expected on the basis of expert assessments of modern challenges and dangers of Russian realities is carried out by building a “quality loop”, with which it is convenient to observe not only the stages and offer quality indicators, identify the risks of each stage of the life cycle and manage risks by analyzing information flows. The current risks for two stages of the life cycle – design and surveys before the construction of a logging road are summarized, and methods for their compensation and management through the development of a risk rating system are proposed.

Yu.V. SHTEFAN¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
B.A. BONDAREV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), (64, Leningradsky Prospect, Moscow, 125319, Russian Federation)
² Lipetsk State Technical University (30, Moskovskaya Street, Lipetsk, 398000, Russian Federation)

1. Shtefan Y.V., Bondarev B.A., Yankovskii L.V. On strengthening temporary logging road clay soil by industrial waste and metallurgical slags. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 4–5, pp. 80–89. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-780-4-5-80-89.
2. Shtefan Y.V., Bondarev B.A. Risk management in requirements of the ISO standards in relation to logging roads. Nauchnyi zhurnal stroitel’stva i arkhitektury. 2020. No. 1 (45), pp. 85–97. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25987/VSTU.2020.45.1.007.
3. Ulsen C., Tseng E., Angulo S.C., Landmann M., Contessotto R., Balbo J. T., Kahn H. Concrete aggregates properties crushed by jaw and impact secondary crushing. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 494–502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.04.008.
4. Chang G.K., Mohanraj K., Stone W.A., Oesch D.J., Gallivan V.L. Leveraging intelligent compaction and thermal profiling technologies to improve asphalt pavement construction quality: A case study. Transportation Research Record. 2018. No. 2672 (26), pp. 48–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758285.
5. Jiao X.L., Feng Z.G., Wang S.J., Biboussi M.W., Li X.J. Correlation between intelligent compaction index and compaction degree of asphalt pavement. International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering 2021. Chongqing, China. 2021. Vol. 12050, pp. 22–30. DOI: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1117/12.2613891.
6. Astapov A. Russian bulldozer took acceleration. Expert. 2022. No. 44 (1273), pp. 82–87. (In Russian).
7. Syreishchikova N.V., Guzeev V.I. Risk management of the design and development of mechanical engineering products. Innovative Technologies in Mechanical Engineering: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Correspondence Conference (dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the founding of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Ulyanovsk State Technical University (ULSTU)). Ul’yanovsk. 2022, pp. 200–213.
8. Bibikov P.Y., Bardovskiy A.D., Keropyan A.M. Investigation of press classification process of weak rocks. Materials Today: Proceedings. International Conference on Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment, ICMTMTE. Sevastopol. 2019. Vol. 19. Part 5, pp. 2552–2554. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.207.
9. Mazneva E.I. Insurance of legal entities in Russia. Insurance in the information society: Materials of the interuniversity scientific and methodological online seminar. Khabarovsk-Moscow. 2020, pp. 41–45. (In Russian).
10. Petrova V.S., Kiselev E.V. Risk management in the project activities of the organization. Economic potential of students in the regional economy: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. Yaroslavl. 2021, pp. 290–296. (In Russian).
11. Gondia A., Ezzeldin M., El-Dakhakhni W. Machine Learning-Based Decision Support Framework for Construction Injury Severity Prediction and Risk Mitigation. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering. 2022. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 2402–2024. DOI: 10.1061/AJRUA6.0001239
12. Louay R. M., Badenko V. L. Integration between BIM and GIS for decision-making. BIM in construction & architecture : Materials of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference. St. Petersburg. 2022, pp. 20–27. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org//10.23968/BIMAC.2022.003.
13. Yankovskii L. V., Kochetkov A. V., Trofimenko Yu. A. Methodology of choice components for construction of rough pavement layers. Nauchnyi vestnik Voronezhskogo GASU. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2015. No. 1 (37), pp. 99–111. (In Russian).
14. Stoliarov V. V., Schegoleva N. V., Kochetkov A. V., Zadvornov V. Yu. Basic formulas of risk theory when summed the lognormal distribution law. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. № 1–2, pp. 73–80. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-756-1-2-73-80.
15. ALSaadi N., Norhayatizakuan N. The Impact of Risk Management Practices on the Performance of Construction Projects. Studies of Applied Economics. 2021. Vol. 39. No. 4, pp. 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i4.4164
16. Baranova T.I. Methodological and organizational support for risk-based management of enterprises in the construction industry. Modern problems of management in construction: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Saint Petersburg. 2022, pp. 162–169. (In Russian).
17. Kozubekova R. Risk classification as a key component of bank risk management. XXXIV International Plekhanov Readings: a collection of articles by graduate students and young scientists in English. Moscow. 2021, pp. 70–74. (In English).

At TPPs, in addition to fly ash and fuel slag formed in the boiler furnace, a large amount of ash and slag waste accumulates, which are removed by the wet method. The most promising direction for the use of ash and slag waste (ASW) is their involvement in secondary circulation in the production of building materials. Disposal of ASW from hydraulic removal from dumps is the most difficult due to the heterogeneity of their composition, properties, high pollution, etc. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in this waste from researchers and manufacturers, due to new opportunities for their processing and enrichment. The involvement of ASW in the production of dry mortar can lead to a large-scale reduction in their export to landfills and ash dumps. The paper presents the results of a study of the addition of an aluminosilicate component, released by flotation from the ASW of hydraulic removal, in dry building mixtures. The introduction of a dispersed additive allows you to control the properties and structure of the resulting modified stone. The presence of an amorphous nanoscale phase provides a compacted and strengthened structure of the composition. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of an aluminosilicate additive in the composition of the SSS confirmed the economic feasibility of the proposed approach to disposal.

V.B. PETROPAVLOVSKAYA¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.Yu. ZAVAD'KO¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
T.B. NOVICHENKOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
K.S. PETROPAVLOVSKII¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.F. BURYANOV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Tver State Technical University (22, Afanasiya Nikitina , Tver, 170026, Russian Federation)
² Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (129337, Moscow, Yaroslavskoe sh., 26)

1. Khudyakova L.I., Zalutskiy A.V., Paleev P.L. Use of ash and slag waste of thermal power plants. ХХI vek. Tekhnosfernaya bezopasnost’. 2019. Vol. 4. No. 3 (15), рр. 375–391. DOI: 10.21285/2500-1582-2019-3-375-391 (In Russian).
2. Makul N., Fediuk R., Amran M., Petropavlovskaya V., Sulman M. Utilization of biomass to ash: An overview of the potential resources for alternative energy. Materials. 2021. Vol. 14 (21). 6482. DOI:10.3390/ma14216482
3. Mikhailov V.G., Bugrova S.M., Yakunina Ju.S., Muromtseva A.K., Mikhailova Ya.S. Study of the main indicators of the mining eco-economic system. Ugol. 2019. No. 9(1122), рр. 106–111. DOI: 10.18796/0041-5790-2019-9-106-111 (In Russian).
4. Tselyuk D.I., Tselyuk I.N. Ecological problems of the recycling of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants. Mineral’nye resursy Rossii. Ekonomika i upravlenie. 2019. No. 2 (165), рр. 73–78. (In Russian).
5. Abdrakhimova E.S. Formation of light fraction ash and its use in the production of floor tiles. Ugol. 2019. No. 11(1124), рр. 64–66. DOI: 10.18796/0041-5790-2019-11-64-66 (In Russian).
6. Pichugin E.A. Analytical review of experience gained in the Russian Federation in involving ash and slag waste from thermal power plants in economic circulation. Problemy regional’noj ekologii. 2019. No. 4, рр. 77–87. DOI: 10.24411/1728-323X-2019-14077 (In Russian).
7. Krasny B.L., Ikonnikov K.I., Lemeshev D.O., Sizova A.S. Fly ash as a technogenic raw material for the production of refractory and insulating ceramic materials (review). Steklo i keramika. 2021. No. 2, рр. 9–19. (In Russian).
8. Singh M., Siddique R., Singh J. Coal fly ash. Sustainable Concrete Made with Ashes and Dust from Different Sources. Materials, Properties and Applications Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering. 2022, pp. 1–29. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824050-2.00012-7
9. Nayak D., Abhilash P.P., Singh R., Kumar R., Kumar V. Fly ash for sustainable construction: A review of fly ash concrete and its beneficial use case studies. Cleaner Materials. Vol. 10 (6), pp. 2686–2705. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2022.100143
10. Win T.T., Wattanapornprom R., Prasittisopin L., Pansuk W., Pheinsusom P. Investigation of fineness and calcium-oxide content in fly ash from ASEAN Region on properties and durability of cement-fly ash system. Engineering Journal. 2022. Vol. 26 (5), pp. 77–90, DOI: 10.4186/ej.2022.26.5.77
11. Delitsyn L., Kulumbegov R., Ryabov Yu., Petropavlovskaya V., Sulman M. A promising method of utilization of ash and slag waste of variable composition at coal-fired power plants. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii. 2021. Vol. 25. No. 9, рр. 18–23. DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2021-9-18-23 (In Russian).
12. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Novichenkova T.B., Zavadko M.Yu., Petropavlovsky K.S. Application of metakaolin and wet ash discharge in non-fired gypsum composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 8, рр. 11–17. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-794-8-11-17
13. Kuderin М.К., Babiyev К.D. Aluminosilicate microsphere in solving the tasks of energy saving and enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings and structures. Nauka i tekhnika Kazahstana. 2019. No. 1, рр. 94-101. (In Russian).
14. Petropavlovskaya V.B. The use of mineral ultra-disperse modifiers on the basis of industrial wastes in gypsum composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, рр. 18–23. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-18-23.
15. Gordina A.F., Polyanskikh I.S., Zhukova N.S., Yakovlev G.I. Pozzolanic constituent impact on structure and properties of modified sulfate-based composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 8, рр. 51–58. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31659/0585-430X-2022-805-8-51-58
16. Gadzhiev SH.A., Delitsyn L.M., Kulumbegov R.V., Popel O.S., Sulman M.G., Petropavlovsky K.S., Firsov S.S. Pilot plant for the processing of ash from coal-steam power plants. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii. 2022. Vol. 26. No.12, рр. 4–9. (In Russian).DOI 10.18412/1816-0395-2022-12-4-9
17. Delitsyn L.M., Ryabov Yu.V., Kulumbegov R.V., Lavrinenko A.A., Sulman M.G. Flotation agents impact on the carbon capture from ash of coal-steam plants. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii. 2022. Vol. 26. No. 2, рр. 14–19. (In Russian). DOI 10.18412/1816-0395-2022-2-14-19

Studies of the effect of complex additives on the setting time of Portland cement have been carried out. Alumina cement, natural gypsum and trepel (porous silica rock) were chosen as additives. To simulate the test results, an orthogonal second-order Box-Wilson composition plan was used. The cement setting time was determined in accordance with the methods given in GOST 310.3–76 (Russian standard). The results were presented in the form of surfaces of regression equations of the second level, describing the dependences of the beginning and end of cement setting on the content of complex additives. Over the course of the experiment, the results showed the compositions of composite binders with a maximum and minimum of the initial setting time and their final setting times. Based on a review of the literature and the data obtained, conclusions were drawn about the possible effect of the introduced additives on the setting time of the cement paste.

D.T.L. NGUYEN, graduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.A. SHVETSOVA, head of laboratory (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
S.V. SAMCHENKO, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Erofeev V.T., Rodin A.I., Bikbaev R.R., Piksaikina A.A. Investigation of the properties of Portland cement with the active mineral additive based on trepel. Vestnik PGTU. 2019. No. 3, pp. 7–17. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25686/2542-114X.2019.3.7
2. Panesar D.K., Zhang R. Performance comparison of cement replacing materials in concrete: Limestone fillers and supplementary cementing materials – A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. Vol. 251. 118866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118866
3. Zemri C., Bouiadjra M.B. Comparison between physical – mechanical properties of mortar made with Portland cement (CEMI) and slag cement (CEMIII) subjected to elevated temperature. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2020. Vol. 12. E00339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020. e00339
4. Nguyen D.T.L., Samchenko S.V. The effect of complex additives on the properties of cement. XXIII International scientific – practical conference of students and young scientists “Chemistry and chemical technology in the XXI century” named after outstanding chemists Kulev L.P. and Kizhner N.M. 2022. Vol. 1, pp. 121–122. (In Russian).
5. Tang V.L., Nguyen D.T.L., Samchenko S.V. The influence of the addition of ash and slag waste on the properties of sulfoaluminate Portland cement. Vestnik MGSU. 2019. No. 8, pp. 991–1003. (In Russian). DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2019.8.991-1003
6. Ivashina M.A., Krivoborodov Yu.R. Use of waste industry in sulfoaluminate clinker technologies. XIII International Congress of Young Scientists in Chemistry and Chemical Technology (ICCT-2017). Advances in the field of chemistry and chemical technologies. 2017. Vol. XXXI. No. 1, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
7. Тang V.L., Ngo X.H., Bulgakov B.I., Aleksandrova O.V., Larsen O.A., Orekhova A.Yu., Tyurina A.A. The use of ash and slag waste as additional cementing material. Vestnik BGTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2018. No. 8, pp. 10–18. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5b6d58455b5832.12667511.
8. Potapova E.N., Guseva T.V., Tikhonova I.O., Kanishev A.S., Kemp R.G. Cement production: Aspects of the resource efficiency enhancement and negative environmental impact reduction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 9, pp. 15-20. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-784-9-15-20.
9. Bazhenov Yu.M. Tekhnologiya betona [Concrete technology]. Moscow: ASV. 2011. 524 p.
10. Guvalov A.A., Kuznetsova T.V., Abbasova S.I. Improving the efficiency of cement binders with the use of silica-containing modifier. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 11, pp. 56–59. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-765-11-56-59.
11. Uglyanitsa A.V., Duvarov V.B. Modification of cement concretes with the spent catalyst of the production caprolactam. Innovatsii i investitsii. 2019. No. 6, pp. 286–290. (In Russian).
12. Golik V.I., Razorenov Yu.I., Vagin V.S., Lyashenko V.I. Efficiency of mineral additives to binding component for making hardening mixtures at underground operations. Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific, Technical and Economic Information. 2021. Vol. 77. No. 6, pp. 643–650. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-6-643-650.
13. Kuznetsova T.V., Guvalov A.A., Abbasova S.I. Modifier based on zeolite-containing rocks for the cement composition manufacture. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya silikatov. 2016. Vol. 3. No. 1, pp. 22–24. (In Russian).
14. Gavshina O.V., Yashkina S.Yu., Yashkin A.N., Doroganov V.A., Moreva I.Yu. Study of the effect of particulate additives on the setting time and microstructure of high-alumina cement. Construction Materials and Products. 2018. Vol. 1. No. 4, pp. 30–37. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2018-1-4-30-37.
15. Krivoborodov Yu. R., Kuznetsova T. V. Effect of plasticizer on the properties of aluminate cements. Sukhie stroitel’nye smesi. 2019. No. 5, pp. 8–10. (In Russian).
16. Kuznetsova T.V., Talaber I. Glinozemnistyi tsement [Alumina cement]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1988. 272 p.
17. Cantaluppi M., Marinoni N., Cella F., Bravo A., Cámara F., Borghini G., Kagan W. An insight on the effect of sodium and silicon on microstructure and crystallography of high alumina cements. Cement and Concrete Research. 2021. Vol. 148. 106533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106533
18. Tang V.L., Nguyen D.T.L. Pozzolanic activity of finely dispersed mineral components of various nature in Vietnam. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya silikatov [Technique and technology of silicates]. 2021. Vol. 28. No. 1, pp. 7–12. (In Russian).
19. Bektas, F., Bektas, B.A. Analyzing mix parameters in ASR concrete using response surface methodology. Construction and Building Materials. 2014. Vol. 66, pp. 299–305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.055
20. Vu K.Z., Bazhenova S.I., Do M.Ch., Khoang M.T., Nguen V.Z., Nguyen D.T.L. Optimizing foam concrete mix proportions using the Box-Wilson experimental design. Inzhenernyi vestnik Dona. 2021. No. 5, pp. 606–620. (In Russian).
21. Nguyễn Minh Tuyển. Quy hoạch thực nghiệm [Experimental Planning]. Hanoi: NXB Khoa học và Kỹ thuật. 2007. 264 p. (In Vietnamese).
22. Tang V.L., Ngo X.H., Vu K.D., Bulgakov B.I. Influence of a complex organo-mineral additive on the deformation of hydrotechnical concrete. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdanii i sooruzhenii. 2019. No. 4, pp. 7–19. (In Russian).

The problems of the effectiveness of increasing the bearing capacity of the foundations base are always under the close attention of geotechnicians, designers and builders. In connection with the increase in the volume of capital construction at sites located in difficult geotechnical conditions, including the presence of engineering-geological elements with poor physical and mechanical characteristics in their bases, this problem becomes even more relevant. The use of ищкув-injection piles, arranged using non-standard physical processes, in most cases successfully solves many complex and atypical geotechnical problems. The effect of radio-hydraulic shock in geotechnical construction is known, but almost never used. A lot of research work is required to use it in terms of creating installations, as well as developing specific technologies with reference to soil types.

N.S. SOKOLOV^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Director (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
S.N. SOKOLOV², Directoe, LLC “Stroitel Forst”,
A.N. SOKOLOV², Director for construction (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov (15, Moskovsky prospect, Cheboksary, 428015, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)
² LLC NPF “FORST (109a, Kalinina Street, Cheboksary, 428000, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation)

1. Sirotyuk V.V., Arkhipov V.A. Technology of manufacturing ground-melted piles on a construction site using a low-temperature plasma generator. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov. 1999. No. 6. (In Russian).
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3. Sinko A.S. Analysis and improvement of technology for the organization of construction of buildings and structures of main gas pipelines using technical soil reclamation. Diss... master. Tomsk. 2016. 98 p. (In Russian).
4. Shavshukova S.Yu. Historical stages of development of microwave technology for scientific research and industrial processes. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Ufa. 2008. 322 p. (In Russian).
5. Rakhmankulov D.L., Shavshukova S.Yu., Vikhareva I.N. Application of microwave energy in mining. Actual problems of technical, natural and humanitarian sciences: Materials of the International Scientific and Technical Conference. Ufa: USPTU, 2008. Iss. 3, pp. 80–84. (In Russian).
6. Rakhmankulov D.L., Shavshukova S.Yu., Vikhareva I.N., Chanyshev R.R. The experience of using microwave energy in mining. Bashkirskii khimicheskii zhurnal. 2008. Vol. 15. No. 2, pp. 114–117. (In Russian).
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8. Petrov V.M. New applications of radioelectronics: softening of rocks by a powerful electromagnetic field of microwave. Radioelektronika i telekommunikatsii. 2002. No. 3. (In Russian).
9. Sokolov N.S. Electric-discharge technology for strengthening bases. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 9, pp. 36–42. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-9-36-42
10. Sokolov N.S. One of the cases of strengthening the base of a deformed landslide protection retaining wall. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2021. No. 12, pp. 23–27. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2021-12-23-27.

The use of monolithic concrete is one of the most common and in demand for mass capital construction. The technology for the production of concrete and concrete work has been sufficiently studied, however, there are often problems with a lack of strength of concrete in finished structures, the laying of concrete in which is carried out in conditions of negative temperatures. The task of identifying the reasons for the lack of strength and finding solutions to eliminate this problem is currently very relevant for construction projects in the Russian Federation. The article considers the processes of destruction of cement concretes during alternate freezing and thawing. The influence of various structural and technological factors at different stages is analyzed: preparation, laying of the concrete mixture, hardening of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures on the formation of their strength and operational properties. The results of the X-ray phase analysis of samples taken from several monolithic reinforced concrete structures with various modifiers and antifreeze additives from various construction sites, including from frozen structures with a lack of strength, are presented. The conducted studies showed a significant difference in the quantitative and qualitative content of the products of hydration and structure formation of cement stone. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis on the content of individual phases are analyzed and their influence on the processes of structure formation is assessed. The data obtained and their analysis expand the field of knowledge in the technology of winter concreting, can be used in assessing the technical condition of defective reinforced concrete structures and the possibility of their restoration and self-healing of cement concrete.

R.R. SAKHIBGAREEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor,
L.N. LOMAKINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate professor,
Rom.R. SAKHIBGIREEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate professor,
D.A. SINITSIN, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate professor,
A.A. IBRAEV, Postgraduate student

Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (1, Kosmonavtov Street, Ufa, 450062, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation)

1. Chernyshov E.M. Frost destruction of concrete. Part 1. Mechanism, criterial conditions of control. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 9, pp. 40–46. (In Russian).
2. Podval’ny А.М. On the concept of ensuring the frost resistance of concrete in the structures of buildings and structures Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2004. No. 6, pp. 4–6. (In Russian).
3. Velichko E.G. Frost resistance of concrete with optimized disperse composition Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 2, pp. 81–83. (In Russian).
4. Klemm A.J., Klemm P. Ice formation in pores in polymer modified concrete: II. The influence of the admixtures on the water to ice transition in the cementitious composites subjected to freezing/thawing cycles. Building and Environment: the International Journal of Building Science and its Applications. 1997. Vol. 32 (3), pp. 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(96)00054-6 (In Russian).
5. Sakhibgareev R.R. Structure management in the application of modified concrete. Nauchnyy vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2008. No. 4 (12), pp. 132–150. (In Russian).
6. Kramar L.Ya., Chernykh T.N., Shuldyakov K.V. Modern superplasticizers for concrete, features of their application and efficiency. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 11, pp. 21–25. (In Russian).
7. Korchunov I.V., Perepelitsyna S.E., Potapova E.N. Influence of negative temperatures on the phase composition of the cement matrix. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii. 2019. Vol. XXXIII. No. 4, pp. 101–103. (In Russian).
8. Vesa Penttala, Fahim Al-Neshawy. Stress and strain state of concrete during freezing and thawing cycles. Cement and Concrete Research. 2002. Vol. 32. Iss. 9, pp. 1407–1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00785-8
9. Yarmakovsky V.N., Kadiev D.Z. Physical and chemical bases of resistance of concrete to the effects of low negative temperatures. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2020. No. 4 (90), pp. 122–136. (In Russian).
10. Syeda Rahman, Zachary Grasley, A poromechanical model of freezing concrete to elucidate damage mechanisms associated with substandard aggregates. Cement and Concrete Research. 2014. Vol. 55, pp. 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.10.001
11. Korolev E.V. Features of the structure of cement stone and concrete. Innovatsii i investitsii. 2017. No. 8, pp. 150–156. (In Russian).
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13. Polak A.F., Babkov V.V., Andreeva E.P. [Tverdeniye mineral’nykh vyazhushchikh veshchestv] Hardening of mineral binders. Ufa: Bashkir book publishing house. 1990. 216 p.
14. Verbetsky G.P. Prochnost’ i dolgovechnost’ betona v vodnoy srede [Strength and durability of concrete in the aquatic environment]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1976. 128 p.
15. Babkov V.V., Sakhibgareev R.R., Sakhibgareev Rom.R., Chuikin A.E., Kabanets V.V. The role of amorphous microsilica in processes of structure formation and strengthening of concretes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010. No. 6, pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
16. Gorchakov G.I., Orentlicher L.P., Savin V.I., and others. Sostav, struktura i svoystva tsementnykh betonov [Composition, structure and properties of cement concrete / Ed. by G.I. Gorchakov]. Moscow: Stroyizdat. 1976. 145 p.
17. Babkov V.V., Mokhov V.N., Kapitonov S.M., Komokhov P.G. Strukturoobrazovaniye i razrusheniye tsementnykh betonov. [Structure formation and destruction of cement concretes]. Ufa: Ufimsky polygraph plant. 2002. 376 p.
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19. Brzhanov R.T., Pikus G.A., Traykova M. Methods of increasing the initial strength of winter concrete. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 451. International Conference on Construction, Architecture and Technosphere Safety (ICCATS 2018). 26–28 September 2018. DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/451/1/012083
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The results of studies of the influence of expanded clay aggregate varieties (sand of fractions of 0–5 mm and gravel of fractions of 5–10 mm) of grades according to bulk density M250–M1000 and strength P35–P350 on the average density, compressive strength and initial modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete of classes B16–B65 with average density grades D1300–D2000. The work was carried out in order to obtain high-strength lightweight expanded clay concrete of classes B50–B65 from highly mobile and self-compacting mixtures using light aggregates available for the construction industry. For the preparation of light concretes, Portland cement CEM 0 52.5 N, organo-mineral modifier MB10-50C, natural sand with Mk=2.5, expanded clay sand and gravel from three different manufacturers with a bulk density of 221–910 kg/m³ and a strength of 0.6–8.9 MPa were used. It has been established that with similar volumetric dosages of the components of concrete mixtures, the nature of the influence of the properties (density and strength) of expanded clay filler on the characteristics of lightweight concrete is similar. The introduction of heavy natural sand into the composition of concrete mixes instead of light expanded clay enhances the effect of increasing the strength and density of concrete. The minimum value of the strength of expanded clay filler, which ensures the compressive strength of concrete corresponding to class B50 with a grade of average density D1600, must correspond to grade P150. With an increase in the strength of expanded clay filler to a level corresponding to the P300 grade, the concrete strength increases to values corresponding to the B65 class with a D2000 average density grade. Self-compacting and highly mobile lightweight concretes of medium density grades D1600–D2000, compressive strength classes B50–B65 with the following characteristics were obtained, respectively: compressive strength (cubic strength) 60.3–74.5 MPa, axial compression strength (prismatic strength) 53.7–73.5 MPa, initial modulus of elasticity 21.2–25.8 GPa, which go beyond the classification range of light concretes provided for by the Code of Rules of SP 63.13330.2018.

S.S. KAPRIELOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of the RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. SHEINFELD¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), RAASN Advisor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
N.M. SELYUTIN², Engineer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete named after A.A. Gvozdev JSC “Research Center of Construction” (6, bldg. 5. 2nd Institutskaya Street, Moscow 109428, Russian Federation)
² LLC “Master Concrete Enterprise” (31, Saratovskaya Street, 109518, Moscow, Russian Federation)

1. Kaprielov S.S., Travush V.I., Karpenko N.I., Sheynfeld A.V., Kardumyan G.S., Kiseleva Yu.A., Prigozhenko O.V. Modified high-strength concretes of classes B80 and B90 in monolithic structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 3, pp. 9–13. (In Russian).
2. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Al-Omais D., Zaitsev A.S. Experience in the production and quality control of high-strength concretes at the construction of the high-rise complex “OKO” in the MIBC “Moscow-City”. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitelstvo. 2018. No. 1, pp. 18–24. (In Russian).
3. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Al-Omais D., Zaitsev A.S., Amirov R.A. Technology of construction of high-rise building frame structures from high-strength concrete of classes B60–B100. Vestnik NITS Stroitelstvo. 2022. No. 33 (2), pp. 106–121. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2022-2(33)-106-121
4. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Kardumyan G.S., Kiseleva Yu.A., Prigozhenko O.V. New concretes and technologies in the construction of high-rise buildings. Vysotnye zdaniya. 2007. No. 5, pp. 94–101. (In Russian).
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6. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Kardumyan G.S. Novye modifitsirovannye betony [New Modified Concretes]. Moscow: Paradise. 2010. 258 p.
7. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Krivoborodov Yu.R. Influence of the structure of cement stone with the addition of microsilica and superplasticizer on the properties of concrete. Beton I gelezobeton. No. 7, 1992, pp. 4–7. (In Russian).
8. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V. Influence of the composition of organomineral concrete modifiers of the “MB” series on their effectiveness. Beton I gelezobeton. 2001. No. 5, pp. 11–15. (In Russian).
9. Kaprielov S., Sheynfeld A., Selyutin N. Control of heavy concrete characteristics affecting structural stiffness. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2022. 18 (1), pp. 24–39. https://doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2022-18-1-24-39
10. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Kardumyan G.S., Chilin I.A. On the selection of compositions of high-quality concretes with organo-mineral modifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 12, pp. 58–63. (In Russian).
11. Sheynfeld A.V., Kaprielov S.S., Chilin I.A. Influence of temperature on the parameters of the structure and properties of cement systems with organomineral modifiers. Gradostroitelstvo i arhitectura. 2017. Vol. 7. No. 1, pp. 58–63. (In Russian).
12. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Dondukov V.G. Cements and additives for the production of high-strength concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 4–10. (In Russian).
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14. Juan-Xin Lu, Peiliang Shen, Hafis Asad Ali, Chi Sun Poon. Mix design and performance of light-weight ultra-high-performance concrete. Materials and Design. 2022. 216. 110553.
15. Karamloo Mohammad., Mazloom Moosa., Payganeh Gholamhasan. Effect of maximum aggregate size on fracture behaviors of self-compacting lightweight concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. 123, pp. 508–515.
16. Jae-Il Sim, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Heung-Yeoul Kim, Byong-Jeong Choi. Size and shape effects on compressive strength of lightweight concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2013. No. 38, pp. 854–864.
17. Gui H.Z., Tommy Yio Lo, Shazim Ali Memon, Weiting Xu. Effect of lightweight aggregates on mechanical properties and brittleness of lightweight aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2012. 35, pp. 149–158.