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Cellulose in Concrete: a New Direction of Development of Construction Nanotechnology

Number of journal: 7-2020
Autors:

Pukharenko Yu.V.,
Aubakirova I.U.,
Khirkhasova V.I.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-39-44
УДК: 666.973.4

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
In recent years, fulleroid materials with a maximum particle size of several tens to several hundreds of nanometers, representing a special form of carbon and providing industrially significant effects when they are contained in the composition of raw mixtures in microdoses, have acquired special importance and exceptional interest for building materials science and technology. At the same time, there are nanomaterials capable of constituting a specific alternative to these substances. This article presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of nanofibrillar cellulose on the structure and properties of the cement composite. X-ray spectrometric analysis of nanofibrillated cellulose and microstructure of cellulose suspension was carried out. Tables and graphs of the effect of various concentrations of nanofibers on the rheological characteristics of the cement paste and the mechanical properties of cement stone are presented. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that nanofibrillar cellulose is effective in improving the properties of cement paste and stone. Microstructural analysis revealed a positive effect of nanocellulose on the formation of the structure of the cement composite.
Yu.V. PUKHARENKO, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Corresponding member of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.U. AUBAKIROVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering),
V.I. KHIRKHASOVA, Engineer (post-graduate student)

Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russian Federation)

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14. Hospodarova V. Stevulova N., Sicakova A. possibilities of using cellulose fibres in building materials. Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 96. 2nd International Conference on Innovative Materials, Structures and Technologies. 30 September to 2 October 2015, Riga, Latvia, pp. 1–7.
15. Reixach R., Claramunt J., Chamorro M. A., Llorens J., Merce Pareta M., Tarres Q., Delgado-Aguilar M. On the path to a new generatiol of cement-based composites through the use of lignocellulosic micro/nanofibers. Materials (Basel). 2019. Vol. 12(10). DOI: 10.3390/ma12101584

For citation: Pukharenko Yu.V., Aubakirova I.U., Khirkhasova V.I. Cellulose in concrete: a new direction of development of construction nanotechnology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 39–44. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-39-44

Gypsum Binder of Low Water Demand: Production and Properties

Number of journal: 7-2020
Autors:

Garkavi M.S.,
Artamonov A.V.,
Kolodezhnaya E.V.,
Nefedev A.P.,
Khudovekova E.A.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-34-38
УДК: 666.941.4

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
Reducing the water demand of gypsum binders remains an actual scientific and practical task. The high water demand of building gypsum is due to the porous structure of its crystal block. Reduction of water demand in the production of gypsum materials and products is achieved by the use of high-strength gypsum binder, technological operation of artificial aging or the use of water-reducing additives. One of the solutions to the problem of reducing the water demand of construction gypsum is the production of gypsum binder of low water demand. A technology for manufacturing a gypsum binder of low water demand in a centrifugal impact mill using a liquid modifier based on polycarboxylate ether has been developed. This machine combines the processes of grinding, mechanical activation and chemical modification. As a result of mechanochemical treatment, the nanostructure of the chemical modifier is formed on the surface of the binder particles. The binder obtained has a water demand of 29%, compressive strength of 10 MPa, bending strength of 3.5 MPa (after 2 hours of hardening). High strength of gypsum stone is achieved by changing the morphology of particles of gypsum dehydrate and forming a large number of interparticle contacts. Construction and technical properties of the gypsum binder of low water demand corresponds to high-strength gypsum binders.
M.S. GARKAVI1, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. ARTAMONOV1, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.V. KOLODEZHNAYA2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.P. NEFEDEV3, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.A. KHUDOVEKOVA3, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1 Ural-Omega, PJSC (89, Building 7, Lenina Avenue, Magnitogorsk, 455037, Russian Federation)
2 Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences (4, Kryukovskiy dead end, Moscow, 111020, Russian Federation)
3 Synergo, LLC (15, Chapaeva street, Magnitogorsk, 455000, Russian Federation)

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For citation: Garkavi M.S., Artamonov A.V., Kolodezhnaya E.V., Nefedev A.P., Khudovekova E.A. Gypsum binder of low water demand: production and properties. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 34–38. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-34-38

The Use of Structural and Thermal Insulation Foam Gypsum in the Construction and Reconstruction of Buildings. Problems and Prospects

Number of journal: 7-2020
Autors:

Shigapov R.I.,
Sinitsin D.A.,
Kuznetsov D.V.,
Gaysin A.M.,
Nedoseko I.V.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-28-33
УДК: 666.973.6

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
In recent years, during the construction of construction projects for various purposes, the use of modern heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating materials on a mineral basis (high-void porous ceramic products, aerated concrete, ultra-lightweight expanded clay concrete) has gradually increased, the main advantage of which, in addition to high thermal and sound insulation characteristics, is also incombustibility and relatively low cost. One of these materials is monolithic foam gypsum, which can be used for insulating attic and soundproofing interfloor floors both in new construction and in the reconstruction of existing buildings. The article presents the experience of using monolithic foam gypsum with a density of 250–300 kg/m3 in the overhaul and restoration of the object of historical and cultural heritage – the building of the Hospital of War Veterans in Ufa, built at the end of the 19th century, which made it possible to provide the required thermal insulation of the attic ceilings, sound insulation and fire protection of metal structures of the interfloor ceiling without increasing the load on the load-bearing walls and foundations of the building, as well as perform work at negative air temperatures inside the room. It is noted that, despite the existing positive experience, the widespread introduction of foam gypsum in construction practice is hindered by the absence of this material in Set of Rules 50.13330.2012 “Thermal protection of buildings” and in the estimated standards.
R.I. SHIGAPOV1, Chief Technologist (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.A. SINITSIN2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.V. KUZNETSOV2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.M. GAYSIN2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.V. NEDOSECO2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1 “Ufa Gypsum Company” LLC (8, Proizvodstvennaya Street, Ufa, 450028, Russian Federation)
2 Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (195, Mendeleeva Street, Ufa, 450062, Russian Federation)

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14. Bulatov B.G., Shigapov R.I., Ivlev M.A., Nedoseko I.V. Frame-monolithic technology of construction of low-rise buildings made of foam gypsum and steel thin-walled structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 36–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-36-39 (In Russian).

For citation: Shigapov R.I., Sinitsin D.A., Kuznetsov D.V., Gaysin A.M., Nedoseko I.V. The use of structural and thermal insulation foam gypsum in the construction and reconstruction of buildings. Problems and prospects. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 28–33. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-28-33

Influence of Gypsum and Phosphogypsum Dehydration Conditions on the Structure and Technical Properties of the Binder

Number of journal: 7-2020
Autors:

Meshcheryakov Yu.G.,
Fedorov S.V.,
Suchkov V.P.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-23-27
УДК: 666.914

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
Technological processes for the production of gypsum and anhydrite binders (dry process) can be divided into three main groups, which differ in the speed of raw material dehydration processes and, as a result, the duration of heat treatment: roasting raw materials in the form of crushed stone in drying drums or rotating furnaces, roasting in gypsum-cooking boilers (infinite heating) and roasting gypsum raw materials in a suspended state (mills, fluidized bed apparatus, etc.). Roasting of gypsum raw materials in a suspended state is characterized by a high rate of dehydration processes. High-speed roasting (techno-impact) leads to the formation of a heterogeneous product consisting of metastable calcium sulfates. Direct heat and mass exchange with the heat carrier makes it possible to significantly accelerate the roasting process and reduce the specific fuel and energy consumption. Increasing the temperature in the reaction zone, increasing the speed of dehydration processes affect the technical properties of the gypsum binder. The influence of raw material dehydration conditions and artificial accelerated aging processes on the technical properties of the binder was studied. Another goal of the experiment was to determine the kinetics of gypsum and phosphogypsum dehydration in order to optimize the processes of dehydration and reduce the water demand of molding mixtures. The practical results of the study should be considered justification of the need for artificial aging and a quantitative assessment of its impact on the quality of the binder. It is recommended to continue the study in order to optimize the processes of dehydration.
Yu.G. MESHCHERYAKOV1, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
S.V. FEDOROV1, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
V.P. SUCHKOV2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1 Rosatom Technical Academy, Saint-Petersburg branch (4, building A, Aerodromnaya Street, Saint-Petersburg, 197348, Russian Federation)
2 Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (65, Ilyinskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation)

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3. Udalova E.A., Gabitov A.I., Shuvaeva A.R., Nedoseko I.V., Chernova A.R., Yamilova V.V. Current state and promising possibilities of using phosphogypsum for the production of binders. Istoriya i pedagogika estestvoznaniya. 2016. No. 4, pp. 55–58. (In Russian).
4. Saadaoui E., Ghazel N., Romdhane C.B., Massoudi N. Phosphogypsum: potential uses and problems – a review. International Journal of Environmental Studies. No. 74, pp. 558–567. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00207233.2017.1330582
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For citation: Meshcheryakov Yu.G., Fedorov S.V., Suchkov V.P. Influence of gypsum and phosphogypsum dehydration conditions on the structure and technical properties of the binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 23–27. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-23-27

Modification of Binders Based on Calcium Sulfate with Complex Additives

Number of journal: 7-2020
Autors:

Ruzina N.S.,
Yakovlev G.I.,
Gordina A.F.,
Pervushin G.N.,
Semenova Yu.A.,
Begunova E.V.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-18-22
УДК: 691.533

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The study of the effect of complex additives on the properties of gypsum binders is presented. Such additives as diabasic flour, metallurgical slag, and Portland cement were used in the work. It was revealed that as a result of physical and mechanical tests, modification of gypsum binder with a complex additive consisting of diabase (0.1%) and Portland cement (1%) showed greater efficiency in increasing the strength characteristics of the material. The increase in compressive strength for 28 days was 23% compared to the control composition. The introduction of metallurgical slag (0.2%) into the gypsum binder in combination with Portland cement (3%) resulted in an increase in compressive strength by 19.2% compared to the control sample. Physical and chemical studies of modified materials show that when complex additives are introduced in the structure of materials, new growths are formed on the basis of hydrosulfoaluminates (when diabasic flour is introduced) and calcium hydrosilicates (when metallurgical slag is used), which lead to additional binding of gypsum crystalline hydrates and compaction of morphology, which improves the mechanical properties of the matrix.
N.S. RUZINA, Master (graduate student) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.I. YAKOVLEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.F. GORDINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.N. PERVUSHIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Yu.A. SEMENOVA, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.V. BEGUNOVA, Master (graduate student)

Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation)

1. Butakova M.D., Gorbunova S.P. Study of the influence of complex additives on properties of the gypsum-cement-puzzolan binder and concretes on its basis. Procedia Engineering. 2016. No. 150, pp. 1461–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.082
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3. Кhaev T.E., Tkach E.V., Oreshkin D.V. Modified lightweight gypsum material with hollow glass microspheres for restoration works. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 10, pp. 45–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-753-10-45-50 (In Russian).
4. Yakovlev G.I., Gordina A.F., Polyanskikh I.S., Fisher H.-B., Ruzina N.C., Shameeva E.V., Kholmo-gorov M.E. Gypsum compositions modified with portland cement and metal lurgic dust. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 76–79. (In Russian).
5. Khaliullin M.I., Gaifullin A.R. Plaster dry mixtures based on composite gypsum binder with increased water resistance of components. Izvestiya KazGАSU. 2010. No. 2, pp. 292–296. (In Russian).
6. Rakhimov R.Z., Khaliullin M.I., Gaifullin A.R. Composite gypsum binders using ceramic dust and blast furnace slags. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 7, pp. 13–15. (In Russian).
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8. Khaliullin M.I., Rakhimov R.Z., Gayfullin A.R., Stoyanov O.V. Concretes based on no-clinker composite gypsum binder with enhanced water resistance and industrial waste. Vestnik technologicheskogo universiteta. 2015. Vol. 18. No. 1, pp. 172–175.
9. Volzhenskiy A.V., Burov Y.S., Kolokolnikov V.S. Mineral’nye vyazhushchie veshchestva: (tekhnologii i svoistva) [Mineral binders: (technologies and properties)]. Мoscow: Stroyizdat 1979. 477 p.
10. Kopelyanskiy G.D. Resistance of gypsum binders against humidity effects at standard and elevated temperatures. Sbornik trudov Rosgipsa. 1947. Iss. 4, pp. 21–32. (In Russian).
11. Ruzina N.S., Zhukov A.N. Application of man-made products as modifiers of properties of mineral binders and articles based on them. Luchshaya nauchno-issledova-tel’skaya rabota 2020: sbornik statei XXIV Mezhdunarodnogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo konkursa. Penza: MCNS «Nauka i Prosveshchenie». 2020. pp. 27–31. (In Russian).
12. Patent RF 2292374. Modifitsirovannoe gipsovoe vyazhushchee [Modified gypsum binder]. Akchurin H.I., Harimov N.H., Myazhitov R.S. [et al.]. Declared 07.12.2004. Published 27.01.2007. Bulletin No. 3. (In Russian).
13. Patent RF 2368580. Sposob polucheniya gypsotsementno-putsolanovogo vyazhushchego [Method of producing gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder]. Chernykh V.F., Kosulina T.P., Alvaris Yakh’ya, Solntseva Т.А. [et al.]. Declared 06.11.2007. Published 27.09.2009. Bulletin No. 27. (In Russian).
14. Patent RF 2377203. Gypsotsementno-putsolanovaya kompozitsiya [Gypsum-cement-pozzolan composition] / Erofeev V.T., Spirin V.А., Kaznacheev S.V. [et al.]. Declared 29.12.2008. Published 27.12.2009. Bulletin No. 36. (In Russian).
15. Cáchováa M., Kot’átkováa J., Konákováa D. Hygric properties of lime-cement plasters with the addition of a pozzolana. Procedia Engineering. 2016. No. 151, pp. 127–132. DOI:10.2495/CMEM-V5-N2-144-153

For citation: Ruzina N.S., Yakovlev G.I., Gordina A.F., Pervushin G.N., Semenova Yu.A., Begunova E.V. Modification of binders based on calcium sulfate with complex additives. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 18–22. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-18-22

Gypsum Modified Compositions with the Use of Activated Basalt Filler

Number of journal: 7-2020
Autors:

Petropavlovskaya V.В.,
Zavad’ko M.Yu.,
Novichenkova T.B.,
Petropavlovskii K.S.,
Buryanov A.F.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-10-17
УДК: 691.333

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
During the production of basalt fibers, significant amounts of fibrous waste are generated, and in the workshops, filters capture a large amount of dispersed dust – all this refers to waste that is currently not involved in industrial production, but is buried in landfills. Every year, about 150 thousand tons of secondary basalt fiber waste is deposited in landfills, occupying significant land areas. The most popular use of fibrous basalt wastes is their use in the production of concrete. However, this makes it necessary to protect the fiber from the alkaline environment of Portland cement, which leads to its rapid destruction. The use of waste basalt fibers in gypsum materials is more promising. However, this requires solving problems about the influence of mechanical activation and cleaning from the oiling agent on the properties of compositions. In this study, gypsum binder (GB) β-modification of the G-4 brand, Portland cement (PC) of the PC-400 brand, activated waste from the production of basalt fibers – dust with the presence of coarse (~1000 microns), medium and high-dispersed particles (~10 microns) were used. Studies of the granulometric composition of activated waste have established that grinding reduces the size of particles. The introduction of activated waste in the amount of 10% of the mass of the gypsum binder makes it possible to increase the compressive strength of the resulting gypsum stone by 10% , while the use of waste in the original (not activated) state leads to a decrease in the strength of the modified gypsum stone by 20%. However, the analysis of the results of studies of gypsum cement composition with activated basalt powder shows that the effect of activation of basalt waste on the strength and density of gypsum cement compositions does not occur. During the activation of the waste, the oiling agent coagulates, but this has little effect on the properties. It is necessary to note the influence of the oxide composition of basalt waste on the process of structure formation of gypsum and gypsum-cement composites modified with highly dispersed basalt powder. It was found that activation of the dust-like waste of basalt fiber production makes it possible to change its grain composition, reacting capacity, provide increased dispersion and structure imperfection, and hence its chemical activity.
V.В. PETROPAVLOVSKAYA1, Candidate of Science (Engineering),
M.Yu. ZAVAD’KO1, Master,
T.B. NOVICHENKOVA1, Candidate of Science (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
K.S. PETROPAVLOVSKII2, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.F. BURYANOV2, Doctor of Science (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1 Tver State Technical University (22, Afanasiy Nikitin Еmbankment, Tver, 170026, Russian Federation)
2 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

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17. Kuz’micheva I.G. Fibrobeton with basalt fiber. Design and construction: Collection of scientific works of the 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference of young scientists, graduate students, masters and bachelors. Kursk. 2018, pp. 91–94. (In Russian).
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23. Van Ya., Yan Ch., Van N., Chzhan T.T., Yao F. Experimental study of the mechanism of breakage of cement grout reinforced with basalt fiber, based on the UV analysis of the energy spectrum of acoustic emission. Defektoskopiya. 2020. No. 4, pp. 22–31. (In Russian).
24. Aidaraliev Zh.K., Kainazarov A.T., Abdiev M.S., Sopubekov N.A. Development of technology for production of gypsum-basalt composites. Vestnik Kyrgyzsko-Rossiiskogo Slavyanskogo universiteta. 2019. Vol. 19. No. 8, pp. 102–105. (In Russian).
25. Petropavlovskaya V., Zavadko M., Petropavlovskii K., Buryanov A., Novichenkova T., Pustovgar A. Role of basalt dust in the formation of the modified gypsum structure. MATEC Web of Conferences: 22nd International scientific conference on construction the formation of living environment, FORM 2019. pp. 02036. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20199702036
26. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Novichenkova T.B., Zavad’ko M.Yu., Buryanov A.F., Pustovgar A.P., Petropavlovskii K.S. Application of dust wastes of basalt production as filler of gypsum compositions. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 9–13. (In Russian).
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28. Petropavlovskaya V.B., Novichenkova T.B., Belov V.V., Bur’yanov A.F. Granulometric composition as a criterion for controlling the properties of disperse systems. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 1, pp. 64–65. (In Russian).
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For citation: Petropavlovskaya V.В., Zavad’ko M.Yu., Novichenkova T.B., Petropavlovskii K.S., Buryanov A.F. Gypsum modified compositions with the use of activated basalt filler. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 10–17. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-10-17

Research in the Influence of Various Activating Additives on the Properties of Anhydrite Binder

Number of journal: 7-2020
Autors:

Buryanov A.F.,
Fisher H.-B.,
Gal'tseva N.A.,
Machortov D.N.,
Hasanshin R.R.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-4-9
УДК: 691.311

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The relevance of materials based on natural anhydrite is growing, since they do not have to be fired during production. These materials also have good physical and mechanical properties. Since the hydration reaction of anhydrite is slow, special additives (hardening activators) are used. Adding the different sulfates, it is possible to improve the properties of the binder. In the course of the work, strength tests of samples under compression and bending, measurements of linear deformations, determination of the hydration degree, setting time and pH were performed on samples with different content of sulfates. Samples-beams (160х40х40 mm) were tested for strength on a hydraulic press. The pH value of the mixtures was determined using an electronic pH-meter. The degree of hydration was determined by two methods: 1) interruption of hydration with isopropanol followed by drying at 45оC; 2) drying at 45оC. It is revealed that the optimal content of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) gives the highest strength and degree of hydration to the binder. It is established that individual sulfates have different effects on linear deformation, the largest volume increases were observed in samples with pH=4.5-–7, and the largest shrinkage with pH=9–12.5. The influence of the sulfate activator on the fluidity of the anhydrite paste is also revealed.
A.F. BURYANOV1, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
H.-B. FISHER2, Doctor-Engineer, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
N.A. GAL'TSEVA1, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.N. MACHORTOV1, Bachelor, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
R.R. HASANSHIN1, Bachelor, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
2 Bauhaus-Universität (Coudraystraße 11, 99421 Weimar, Deutschland)

1. Guerra-Cossio M.A., González-Lopez J.R., Magal-lanes-Rivera R.X., Zaldivar-Cadena A.A., Figueroa-Torres M.Z. Calcium sulfate: an alternative for environmentally friendly construction. 2 International conference on Bio-based Building materials. 2017, pp. 1–5.
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6. Klimenko V.G., Gasanov S.K., Kashin G.A. Studies of physicochemical processes in the system of calcium sulfate – magnetite. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2017. No. 8, pp. 134–139. (In Russian).
7. Drebezgova M.Yu., Chernysheva N.V., Shatalova S.V. Composite gypsum binder with multicomponent mineral additives of different genesis. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2017. No. 10, pp. 27–34. (In Russian).
8. Anikanova L.A., Kurmangalieva A.I., Volkova O.V., Pervushina D.M. The effect of plasticizing additives on the properties of gypsum materials. Vestnik TGASU. 2020. No. 1, pp. 106–117. (In Russian).
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12. Lei Yang, Min Jing, Lingchao Lu, Xiantao Song, Xiaobin Dong. Properties and micro-structures assessment of building materials based on flue gas desulfurization gypsum modified by cement and industrial waste. Ceramics-Silikaty. 2019. Vol. 63. Iss. 2, pp. 174–184. DOI: 10.13168/cs.2019.0009

For citation: Buryanov A.F., Fisher H.-B., Gal'tseva N.A., Machortov D.N., Hasanshin R.R. Research in the influence of various activating additives on the properties of anhydrite binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 7, pp. 4–9. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-782-7-4-9

Regularities of Radon Accumulation in Premises of Buildings and Structures

Number of journal: 6-2020
Autors:

Abramov V.E.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-65-68
УДК: 546.296

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
A person receives most of the annual radiation dose from radon and its daughter products of decay due to prolonged stay in the premises. Therefore, the main task of ensuring radiation safety of the population is to find ways to reduce this value. Engineers in Russia and abroad have questions about why the activity of radon-222 is stable in certain areas of buildings and structures, while in others, on the contrary, it increases or decreases. It is clear that these phenomena reflect the action of some unknown laws. But which ones? In this paper, the author uses concrete examples to show the results of research on these regularities. It is established that to replace the decayed radon atoms, that insignificant amount of radon-222, which comes from the internal surfaces of buildings and structures, is enough with excess. The article is a continuation of the previously started research.
V.E. ABRAMOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)

Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences(21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

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For citation: Abramov V.E. Regularities of radon accumulation in premises of buildings and structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 65–68. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-65-68

Experimental Determination of the Vapor Permeability Coefficient of a Sample of Building Material in Vertical Position

Number of journal: 6-2020
Autors:

Zubarev K.P.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-59-64
УДК: 675.017.623

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
Calculations of the moisture transfer require an experimental data of the moisture diffusion coefficients. Moisture transfer mathematical models often use a permeability coefficient as the main factor, which influences the moisture behaviour inside enclosing structures. However, the wet cup method is used for experimental determining permeability coefficients of construction materials. In this method sample of a building material is located in horizontal position, but in a construction industry, there are a lot of enclosing structures which have vertical position. In a current article, a comparison of permeability coefficients of mineral wool insulation for vertical and horizontal positions of samples was made. For that, a new experimental device which has L-type of installation housing and relative humidity sensors installing along the device heights was built. This device allows to obtain the exact value of permeability coefficients for different construction materials in vertical position. Eight experiments with the new device and the same number of experiments by wet cup method were carried out to make a comparison, then statistics methods were used to work with experimental data. The Shapiro Wilk test and Student criterion were used to process the experimental data. As a result, it was discovered that the permeability coefficients of mineral wool in horizontal and vertical positions do not have any differences. The mineral wool insulation was chosen, because it has one of the biggest permeability coefficient from all the construction materials. It proved that the permeability coefficients of mineral wool insulation and other construction materials with less permeability coefficients than mineral wool can be obtained by wet cup method and can be used for vertical enclosing structures without additional refinement coefficients.
K.P. ZUBAREV1, 2, Candidate of Science (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
2 Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

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For citation: Zubarev K.P. Experimental determination of the vapor permeability coefficient of a sample of building material in vertical position. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 59–64. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-59-64

Foamed Polymers in Insulation Systems for Structures Constructed on Problematic Soils

Number of journal: 6-2020
Autors:

Zhukov A.D.,
Bessonov I.V.,
Bogomolova L.K.,
Ivanova N.A.,
Govryakov I.S.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-54-58
УДК: 699.844

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The article presents the results of studies of the properties of insulating materials, as well as their application in insulation systems of constructions on pile foundations, including in permafrost soils. The development of insulation systems was based on the features of constructions on pile foundations, the features of insulation materials, as well as temperature, humidity and atmospheric conditions of operation of insulated objects. The necessity of developing special solutions for the creation of insulating shells having high heat engineering uniformity and durability, as well as resistant to negative and alternating temperatures, is substantiated. An important factor is also the lack of air infiltration channels that occur during the docking of structural elements. Especially important is the consideration of this factor for buildings operating at stable negative temperatures and high wind loads. For construction in regions with unstable atmospheric characteristics, a comprehensive account of the heat, moisture, and vapor barrier properties of the insulation shell is required. It is established that insulation materials should have not only low thermal conductivity, vapor and water permeability, but also resistance in aggressive environments. Foamed plastics, namely products based on extruded polystyrene foam, polyisocyanurate foam and polyethylene foam, are most suitable for this contraction to the highest degree. Based on the research results, the article suggests constructive and technical solutions for the formation of a seamless insulating sheath of pile structures built on problematic soils and in adverse climatic conditions, including in the conditions of the Arctic.
А.D. ZHUKOV1, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. BESSONOV2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
L.K. BOGOMOLOVA2, Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry),
N.A. IVANOVA2, Engineer,
I.S. GOVRYAKOV2, Technician

1 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
2 Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

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8. Zhukov A.D., Ter-Zakaryan K.A., Bessonov I.V., Semenov V.S., Starostin A.V. Systems of construction insulation with the use of foam polyethylene. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 9, pp. 58–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-763-9-58-61 (In Russian).
9. Patent RF No. 2645190 “Lock technology of heat-insulating material for seamless welding of joint locks” was registered on February 16, 2018. (In Russian).
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For citation: Zhukov A.D., Bessonov I.V., Bogomolova L.K., Ivanova N.A., Govryakov I.S. Foamed polymers in insulation systems for structures built on problematic soils. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 54–58. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-54-58

Use Of Elastomers as Sound-Absorbing Materials in Silencers for Ventilation Systems

Number of journal: 6-2020
Autors:

Leshko M.Yu.,
Sidorina A.V.,
Vargasov A.V.,
Kosheev P.A.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-50-53
УДК: 629.4.042.5

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
Existing silencers for aerodynamic noise for ventilation and air conditioning systems and the sound-absorbing materials (SPM) used in them are considered. Depending on the design features, they are divided into lamellar, tubular, channel and chamber, as well as the turns and sections of channels used inside the SPM, and their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. In particular, the use of fibrous materials such as mineral wool or superthin fiberglass as SPM requires the use of protective coatings in the design of silencers to prevent such materials from being blown out by the air stream. The design of the protective coating is usually a perforated steel sheet or metal mesh and fiberglass or fiberglass. Such constructions are quite technologically complicated, and besides this, during long-term operation, fibrous SPMs tend to fall off under the influence of vibrations caused by air flow in the places of installation of silencers, which leads to a sharp decrease in their effectiveness. Chamber silencers are somewhat detached, but they are used extremely rarely because of their large dimensions. The advantages of such silencers include a sufficiently large noise reduction efficiency, especially if the inlet and outlet openings of the silencers are not axisymmetric. Currently, in the framework of the fight against noise of various engineering equipment, the so-called elastomeric materials based on nitrile rubber are widely used. Basically, these materials began to be used in various structural sound insulation systems, but such materials can also be used as sound absorbing materials, since they have relatively high sound absorption coefficients. In particular, the sound absorption coefficient of the K-Fonik Open Cell-240 material in the frequency range starting from 315 Hz is 0.4 and begins to increase, reaching from 800 to 1250 Hz 0.95, and at higher frequencies up to 5000 Hz on average 0,85. Elastomeric materials have several advantages over fibrous materials. They are not blown by the air flow in the channels of the ventilation systems and, therefore, do not require the use of protective layers in the structures, are resistant to vibrations and are more technological in manufacturing. Nevertheless, the results of acoustic tests of a silencer, the plates of which are made of K-Fonik Open Cell-240 elastomer, showed its low efficiency. The above solutions allowed it to be significantly increased due to design changes of the plate.
M.Yu. LESHKO1, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. SIDORINA1, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. VARGASOV2, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.A. KOSHEEV2, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

1 Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
2 Scientific and Production Association “Almaz” named after Academician A.A. Raspletin (110, Dmitrovskoe Highway, Moscow, 127411, Russian Federation)

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For citation: Leshko M.Yu., Sidorina A.V., Vargasov A.V., Kosheev P.A. Use of elastomers as sound-absorbing materials in noise silencers of ventilation systems. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 50–53. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-50-53

Method for evaluating the Thermal Resistance of Foamed Polyethylene with Reflective Heat Insulation Made of Aluminum Foil

Number of journal: 6-2020
Autors:

Umnyakova N.P.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-44-49
УДК: 691.175:536.2

 

AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
To ensure energy savings in buildings, it is advisable to use effective thermal insulation materials, materials with a low radiation coefficient in particular. Such building materials include multilayer materials made of foamed polyethylene with reflective heat insulation made of aluminum foil located between the layers of foam polyethylene. Currently, the assessment of thermal insulation characteristics of such materials – thermal resistance and thermal conductivity is carried out only experimentally. The article presents a developed calculation method for determining the thermal resistance of multilayer polyethylene foam with reflective insulation made of aluminum foil between the layers, which takes into account both the transfer of heat in the material due to the thermal conductivity process and due to radiation. Studies of samples of multilayer material of different thickness by experimental and computational methods are presented. Comparison of the thermal resistance values obtained by various methods showed good convergence, which makes it possible to use the developed calculation method for calculating the thermal resistance of samples made of low-density foam polyethylene with reflective insulation made of aluminum foil. Research conducted has also confirmed that foamed polyethylene with reflective insulation made of aluminum foil between layers of polyethylene foam is an effective thermal insulation material.
N.P. UMNYAKOVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

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6. Vytchikov Yu.E., Saporev M.E. Study of the heat-shielding characteristics of enclosed air spaces in building envelopes using screen thermal insulation. Vestnik STASU. Gradostroitel’stvo i arkhitektura. 2014. No. 1 (14), pp. 98–102. (In Russian).
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For citation: Umnyakova N.P. Method for evaluating the thermal resistance of foamed polyethylene with reflective heat insulation made of aluminum foil. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 44–49. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-781-6-44-49