Cellular phosphate concretes are used as an insulating material for some high-temperature aggregates due to their high temperature resistance, fire resistance and residual strength at the level of values after drying. The use of industrial waste in phosphate cellular concrete technology made it possible to improve some properties without reducing the application temperature. The paper shows that dispersed aluminosilicate waste from refractory production has sufficient activity (porization ability) to obtain a phosphate binder. The features of the hardening of an aluminosilicophosphate binder cured with dispersed metallic aluminum have been studied; the change in the phase composition of the cured binder after firing at different temperatures has been studied by differential thermal and X-ray phase analysis. It has been established that the developed aluminosilicophosphate binder makes it possible to obtain fireclay cellular concrete with an application temperature of up to 1400^оC. A comparison of the changes in the phase composition for the developed aluminosilicophosphate composition and a pure aluminophosphate binder is performed. A shift in the temperature of the processes is noted in an upward direction for the aluminosilicophosphate binder, which is explained by the fact that silicon ions do not form independent phosphate compounds, but are embedded in the crystal lattice of aluminophosphates, changing their properties and shifting the intervals of phase transitions.

V.A. ABYZOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.E. POSADNOVA, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

South Ural State University (National Research University) (76, Lenina Avenue, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation)

1. Salmanov G.D., Gulyaeva V.F., Aleksandrova G.N. Some studies of highly refractory concrete using an aluminophosphate binder. Zharostoikie betony. 1964, pp. 72–103. (In Russian).
2. Patent USSR 416327. Syr’evaya smes’ dlya izgotovleniya zharostoikogo gazobetona [Raw mixture for the production of heat-resistant cellular concrete] / Nekrasov K.D., Sheikin A.E., Tarasova A.P., Krivitskii M.Ya., Fedorov A.E., Blyusin A.A., Karpova A.L., Avdeeva T.P. 1974. Bulletin № 7. (In Russian).
3. Nekrasov K.D. Lightweight heat-resistant concrete in construction. Lightweight heat-resistant concrete and fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures: Abstracts of the reports of the coordination meeting-seminar. Penza. 1988, pp. 3–6. (In Russian).
4. Abyzov V.A. Heat-resistant phosphate cellular concrete, adhesives and binders based on dispersed high-alumina industrial waste. Science of SUSU: materials of the 66th scientific conference. 2014, pp. 854–861. (In Russian).
5. Latypova L.I. Heat-resistant phosphate materials based on high-alumina waste. Vestnik of the South Ural State University. Series Construction and architecture. 2012. No. 15, pp. 69–71. (In Russian).
6. Abyzov A.N., Kir’yanova L.A. Lightweight cellular and porous heat-resistant concrete with phosphate binder. Beton i zhelezobeton. 1981. No. 12, pp. 15–16. (In Russian).
7. Kiryanova L.A., Abyzov A.N. Cellular heat-resistant concrete with aluminophosphate binder and fireclay. Heat-resistant concrete, materials and structures: Collection of scientific papers. Chelyabinsk: UralNIIstromproekt. 1981, pp. 63–70. (In Russian).
8. Kiryanova L.A. Corundum cellular and porous heat-resistant concrete with phosphate binder. Materials and structures for prefabricated construction of thermal units: Collection of scientific papers. Chelyabinsk: UralNIIstromproekt. 1982, pp. 112–119. (In Russian).
9. Mel’nikov A.M., Tul’skii G.V. Heat-resistant phosphate concrete with light refractory filler, state of production and prospects for their development. Research of fire-resistant and heat-insulating phosphate materials (technology and properties): Collection of scientific papers. Moscow: TsNIISK im. Kucherenko. 1987, pp. 27–35. (In Russian).
10. Wang Q., Chen J., Gui B., Zhai T., Yang D. Fabrication and properties of thermal insulating material using hollow glass microspheres bonded by aluminum–chrome–phosphate and tetraethyl orthosilicate. Ceramics International. 2016. Vol. 42. Iss. 4, pp. 4886–4892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.12.003
11. Abyzov A.N., Ivanov A.G., Kir’yanova L.A., Sergeev S.I., Pak Ch.G. Experience in the use of phosphate heat-resistant concrete based on industrial waste. Construction materials and products using local resources and by-products: Collection of scientific papers. Chelyabinsk: UralNIIstromproekt. 1983, pp. 82–87. (In Russian).
12. Kingery D. Phosphate bonding in refractories. S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1948. 94 p. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10129471.pdf
13. Zamyatin S.R., Mamykin P.S. Complex studies of clay-phosphate binder. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii. 1972. Vol. XLV. No. 5, pp. 956–960. (In Russian).
14. Abyzov V.A., Ryakhovskii E.N. Development and experience in the use of refractory adhesives based on phosphate binders. Ogneupory i tekhnicheskaya keramika. 2007. No. 11, pp. 28–31. (In Russian).
15. Patent RF 2257359. Glinistofosfatnyi material [Clay phosphate material]. Svatovskaya L.B., Yakimova N.I., Makarova E.I., Latutova M.N., Dziraeva E.A., Kryukova E.V. 2005. Bulletin № 5. (In Russian).
16. Bednárek J., Ptáček P., Švec J., Šoukal F., Pařízek L. Inhibition of hydrogen evolution in aluminium-phosphate refractory binders. Procedia Engineering. 2016. Vol. 151, pp. 87–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.384
17. Khabbouchi M., Hosni K., Mezni M., Srasra E. Simplified synthesis of silicophosphate materials using an activated metakaolin as a natural source of active silica. Applied Clay Science. 2018. No. 158, pp. 169–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.03.027
18. Abyzov V.A. Lightweight refractory concrete based on aluminum-magnesium-phosphate binder. Procedia Engineering. 2016. Vol. 150, pp. 1440–1445 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.077
19. Boigelot R., Graz Y., Bourgel C., Defoort F., Poirier J. The SiO₂–P₂O₅ binary system: new data concerning the temperature of liquidus and the volatilization of phosphorus. Ceramics International. 2015. Vol. 41. Iss. 2. Part A, pp. 2353–2360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.046
20. Rahman M., Hudon P., Coupled A. Experimental study and thermodynamic modeling of the SiO₂–P₂O₅ system. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2013. Vol. 44, pp. 837–852. DOI: 10.1007/s11663-013-9847 3
21. Bobrov B.S., Zhigun I.G., Kiseleva L.V., et al. Phase-composition of binder based on aluminophosphate cementing agent and changes in it on heating. Journal of applied chemistry of the USSR. 1986. Vol. 59. No. 12, pp. 2653–2657. (In Russian).

One of the main criteria of construction is reliability and durability. Therefore, for the implementation of modern construction projects, especially in harsh operating conditions, cement composites with increased resistance to aggressive external cyclic influences are necessary. For the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation, special attention should be paid to ensuring the frost resistance of concrete. Thus, in accordance with GOST 31384–2017 “Protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from corrosion. General technical requirements”, for the lowest temperature and under the condition of alternating freezing and thawing of concrete in a saturated state, the frost resistance mark must be at least F₂450. In addition, high mechanical characteristics of the materials used, including the modulus of elasticity, are required, for example, in the construction of infrastructure facilities in the Arctic zone of Russia. To ensure these characteristics, effective modifying additives must be introduced into the concrete mix. However, there is evidence in the literature that water-reducing additives of various genesis, with similar values of water reduction, have different effects on the structure of the formed cement stone. Therefore, in order to ensure high durability of concrete, this article will consider the relationship between the emerging structure of cement stone in concrete and its resistance parameters.

K.V. SHULDYAKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.D. BUTAKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.V. MORDOVTSEVA, Graduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
K.I. ZIMAKOV, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

South Ural State University (National Research University) (76, Lenina Avenue, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation)

1. Falikman V.R., Stepanova V.F., Chekhniy G.V. Advanced Concrete and Technologies for Construction of Buildings and Facilities in the Arctic Zone. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2021. No. 2, pp. 17–23. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33622/0869-7019.2021.02.17-23
2. Shmitko E.I., Bel’kova N.A., Makushina Yu.V. To the issues of interrelation of the structure of additives-plasticizers with the value of moisture shrinkage of cement systems. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2021. No. 11 (755), pp. 134–144. DOI: 10.32683/0536-1052-2021-755-11-134-1443
3. Wenjie Ge, Wen Liu, Ashraf Ashour, Zhiwen Zhang,Wei Li, Hongbo Jiang, Chuanzhi Sun, Linfeng Qiu, Shan Yao, Weigang Lu, Yan Liu Sustainable ultra-high performance concrete with incorporating mineral admixtures: Workability,mechanical property and durability under freeze-thaw cycles. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023. No. 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02345
4. Sharafutdinov K.B., Saraykina K.A., Kashevarova G.G., Sanyagina Ya.A., Erofeev V.T., Vatin N.I. Strength and durability of concretes with a super absorbent polymer additive. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2023. Vol. 19. No. 2, pp. 120–135.
5. Lukutsova N.P., Matveeva E.G., Fokin D.E. Study of fine-grained concrete modified with a nanostructured additive. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov. 2010. No. 4, pp. 6–11. (In Russian).
6. Tarakanov O.V., Akchurin T.K., Belyakova E.A., Dushko O.V. Prospects for the use of complex organomineral additives in new generation concretes. Vestnik of the Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Construction and architecture. 2023. No. 2 (91). pp. 88–98. (In Russian).
7. Aleksandrova O.V., Nguyen Duc Vinh Quang, Bulgakov B.I. The effect of mineral additives on the corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 1–2, pp. 69–75. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-810-1-2-69-75
8. Vasilik P.G., Burianov A.F., Samchenko S.V. Comparison of adsorption behavior of plasticizers of different types. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya silikatov. 2022. No. 3, pp. 261–273. (In Russian).
9. Jinpeng Dai, Qicai Wang, Bo Zhang Frost resistance and life prediction of equal strength concrete under negative temperature curing. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132278
10. Shuldyakov K., Trofimov B., Kramar L. Stable microstructure of hardened cement paste – A guarantee of the durability of concrete. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2020. Vol. 12. e00351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00351
11. Kramar L.Ya., Mordovtseva M.V., Pogorelov S.N., Ivanov I.M. The Structure of cement stone with complex additives and its effect on the deformation properties of frame concrete. Vestnik of the South Ural State University. Construction Engineering and Architecture. 2022. Vol. 22. No. 3, pp. 35–45. (In Russian). DOI: 10.14529/build220304

The properties of fine-grained concrete containing 20–80% granulated blast furnace slag and bacteria species Bacillus Subtilis have been studied. An assessment was made of changes in strength, self-healing of cracks using optical and electron microscopy and measuring the speed of ultrasound propagation perpendicular to the crack plane; composition and characteristics of the healing agent in cracks using X-ray analysis methods. Self-healing of cracks in concrete without bacteria occurred due to calcite deposition as a result of carbonation of portlandite during 50–65 cycles of humidification-drying, and in the presence of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria due to calcite deposition during their vital activity in 10–15 cycles. It is shown that the addition of granulated blast furnace slag slows down the crystallization of calcite, which forms a healing substance in the crack. It is assumed that the combined use of granulated blast furnace slag in dosages of 40–80% and Bacillus Subtilis bacteria in concrete structures operating under conditions of variable humidification can ensure the process of self-healing cracks and maintaining the strength of concrete in the long term due to simultaneous processes of strengthening the structure due to prolonged hydration of slag minerals and calcite deposition in cracks due to the vital activity of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria.

T.N. CHERNYKH, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
K.A. GORBACHEVSKIKH, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.V. KOMEL'KOVA, Doctor of Sciences (Biology) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.), P.O. PLATKOVSKIY, Research Assistant (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.), M.V. KRIUSHIN, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.), A.A. ORLOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)South Ural State University (National Research University) (76, Lenina Avenue, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation)

1. Карпов М.В., Жиздюк А.А., Наумова О.В. Обоснование использования биобетонов для строительства гидротехнических сооружений // Вестник евразийской науки. 2022. Т. 14. № 5. Ст. 10.
1. Karpov M.V., Zhizdyuk A.A., Naumova O.V. Justification of the use of bio concrete for the construction of hydraulic structures. Vestnik evraziyskoynauki. 2022. Vol. 14. No. 5. Article 10. (In Russian).
2. Ильина Л.В., Тацки Л.Н., Дьякова К.С. Самовосстанавливающийся бетон. Обзор зарубежных публикаций // Вестник ВСГУТУ. 2023. № 2 (89). С. 72–79. DOI: 10.53980/24131997_2023_2_72
2. Il’ina L.V., Tacki L.N., D’yakova K.S. Self-healing concrete. review of foreign publications. Vestnik ESSUTM. 2023. No. 2 (89), pp. 72–79. (In Russian). DOI: 10.53980/24131997_2023_2_72
3. Jonkers H.M. Bacteria-based self-healing concrete. Heron. 2011. Vol. 56. No. 1/2.
4. Бирюков В.С., Смирнов А.С., Тамбовцев А.М., Чередниченко Т.Ф. Тенденции современного строительства: самовосстанавливающийся бетон // Инженерный вестник Дона. 2022. № 2 (86). С. 1–8.
4. Biryukov V.S., Smirnov A.S., Tambovcev A.M., Cherednichenko T.F. Trends in modern construction: self-healing concrete. Inzhenernyy vestnik Dona. 2022. No. 2 (86), pp. 1–8. (In Russian).
5. Liu Y., Zhuge Y., Fan W., Duan W., Wang L. Recycling industrial wastes into self-healing concrete: A review. Environmental Research. 2022. Vol. 214. Part 4. 113975. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113975
6. González Á., Parraguez A., Corvalán L., Correa N., Castro J., Stuckrath C., González M. Evaluation of Portland and Pozzolanic cement on the self-healing of mortars with calcium lactate and bacteria. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. Vol. 257. 119558. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119558
7. Khushnood R.A., Qureshi Z.A., Shaheen N., Ali S. Bio-mineralized self-healing recycled aggregate concrete for sustainable infrastructure. Science of The Total Environment. 2020. Vol. 703. 135007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019
8. Nodehi M., Ozbakkaloglu T., Gholampour A. A systematic review of bacteria-based self-healing concrete: Biomineralization, mechanical, and durability properties. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022. Vol. 49. 104038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104038
9. Строкова В.В., Власов Д.Ю., Франк-Каменецкая О.В., Духанина У.Н., Балицкий Д.А. Применение микробной карбонатной биоминерализации в биотехнологиях создания и восстановления строительных материалов: анализ состояния и перспективы развития // Строительные материалы. 2019. № 9. С. 83–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-774-9-83-103
9. Strokova V.V., Vlasov D.Yu., Frank-Kamenetskaya O.V., Dukhanina U.N., Balitsky D.A. Application of microbial carbonate biomineralization in biotechnologies of building materials creation and restoration: analysis of the state and prospects of development. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 9, pp. 83–103. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-774-9-83-103
10. Баженов Ю.М., Ерофеев В.Т., Салман А.Д.С.Д., Смирнов В.Ф., Фомичев В.Т. Технология самовосстановления железобетонных конструкций с помощью микроорганизмов // Русский инженер. 2018. № 4 (61). С. 46–48.
10. Bazhenov Yu.M., Erofeev V.T., Salman A.D.S.D., Smirnov V.F., Fomichev V.T. Tekhnologiya samovosstanovleniya zhelezobetonnyh konstrukcij s pomoshch’yu mikroorganizmov. Russkiy inzhener. 2018. No. 4 (61), pp. 46–48. (In Russian).
11. De Belie N., Gruyaert E., Al-Tabbaa A., Antonaci P., Baera C., Bajare D., Jonkers H.M. A Review of self-healing concrete for damage management of structures. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 2018. Vol. 5. Iss. 17 1800074. DOI: 10.1002/admi.201800074
12. De Rooij M., Van Tittelboom K., De Belie N., Schlangen E. Self-healing phenomena in cement-based materials: State-of-the-art report of RILEM technical committee 221-SHC: Self-healing phenomena in cement-based materials Springer. Dordrecht, Netherlands. 2013. 266 p.
13. Van Tittelboom K., De Belie N. Self-healing in cementitious materials – A review. Materials. 2013. Vol. 6 (6), pp. 2182–2217. DOI: 10.3390/ma6062182
14. Zhang L.V., Suleiman A.R., Allaf M.M., Marani A., Tuyan M., Nehdi M.L. Crack self-healing in alkali-activated slag composites incorporating immobilized bacteria. Construction and Building Materials. 2022. Vol. 326. Article 126842. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126842
15. Siddique R., Singh K., Singh M., Corinaldesi V., Rajor A. Properties of bacterial rice husk ash concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. Vol. 121, pp. 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.146
16. Aquilano D., Benages R., Bruno M., Rubbo M., Massaro F.R. Positive {hk.l} and negative {hk.} forms of calcite (CaCO₃) crystal. New open questions from the evaluation of their surface energies. CrystEngComm. 2013. Vol. 15 (22), pp. 4465–4472. DOI: 10.1039/C3CE40203G

The features of the structure formation of an asphalt binder modified with a highly dispersed expanded clay powder are investigated. The viscosity of the modified asphalt binder and the formation of an adsorption layer of bitumen on the surface of the particles of the mineral component at various degrees of filling in the temperature range of 100–180^oC have been studied. The effect of the impact of expanded clay powder on the adsorption activity of bitumen, the adhesive strength of bitumen with a mineral filler and on the adhesion of an asphalt binder with a mineral filler is analyzed. It was revealed that the interaction of bitumen with highly dispersed expanded clay powder significantly increases the viscosity of the asphalt binder and increases the thickness of the bitumen film on the surface of mineral particles at all process temperatures compared with standard limestone mineral powder, which is determined by the processes of selective diffusion of low-molecular hydrocarbons into the particles of expanded clay powder occurring when combined with the binder. Modification of the asphalt binder with expanded clay powder significantly increases its adsorption activity and adhesion of bitumen to mineral aggregate and adhesive strength at the interface of the «filler–bitumen» phases. This is due not only to physical interaction, but also to the presence of an increased number of active surface adsorption centers of Lewis and Brensted on the surface of expanded clay particles, which indicates the formation of chemical bonds.

S.O. KAZARYAN, Senior Lecturer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Yu.G. BORISENKO, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.G. YAGUBOV, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
K.F.A. SHUHAIB, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

North Caucasus Federal University (1, Pushkina Street, Stavropol, 355017, Russian Federation)

1. Коротаев А.П. Повышение качества асфальтобетона за счет использования пористого минерального порошка: Дис. … канд. техн. наук. Белгород, 2009. 169 с.
1. Korotaev A.P. Improving the quality of asphalt concrete by using porous mineral powder. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Belgorod. 2009. 169 p. (In Russian).
2. Высоцкая М.А., Кузнецов Д.К., Барабаш Д.Е. Особенности структурообразования битумоминеральных композиций с применением пористого сырья // Строительные материалы. 2014. № 1–2. С. 68–71.
2. Vysotskaya M.A., Kuznetsov D.K., Barabash D.E. Peculiarities of structure formation of bitumen-mineral compositions with the use of porous raw materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 1–2, pp. 68–71. (In Russian).
3. Ядыкина В.В. Управление процессами формирования и качеством строительных композитов с учетом состояния поверхности дисперсного сырья. М.: АСВ, 2009. 374 с.
3. Yadykina V.V. Upravlenie protsessami formirovaniya i kachestvom stroitel’nykh kompozitov s uchetom sostoyaniya poverkhnosti dispersnogo syr’ya [Control of the processes of formation and quality of construction composites taking into account the state of the surface of dispersed raw materials]. Moscow: ASV. 2009. 374 p.
4. Босхолов К.А. Асфальтобетон с применением активированных кремнеземсодержащих минеральных порошков: Дис. … канд. техн. наук. Улан-Удэ, 2007. 114 с.
4. Boskholov K.A. Asphalt concrete using activated silica-containing mineral powders. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Ulan-Ude. 2007. 114 p. (In Russian).
5. Fan Li, Xiang Zhao, Xiao Zhang. Utilizing original and activated coal gangue wastes as alternative mineral fillers in asphalt binder: Perspectives of rheological properties and asphalt-filler interaction ability. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 365. 130069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130069.
6. Kürşat Yıldız, Mert Atakan. Improving microwave healing characteristic of asphalt concrete by using fly ash as a filler. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. Vol. 262. 120448/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120448.
7. Ning Liu, Liping Liu, Mingchen Li, Lijun Sun. Effects of zeolite on rheological properties of asphalt materials and asphalt-filler interaction ability. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 382. 131300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131300
8. Clara E., Barra B.S., Teixeira L.H., Mikowski A., Hughes G.B., Nguyen M.-L. Influence of polymeric molecular chain structure on the rheological-mechanical behavior of asphalt binders and porous asphalt mixes. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 369. 130575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130575
9. Yinzhang He, Jiupeng Zhang, Bo Gao, Ling Wang, Yan Li, Fucheng Guo, Guojing Huang. Experimental investigation of the interface interaction between asphalt binder and mineral filler from the aspects of materials properties. Construction and Building Materials. 2023. Vol. 393. 132094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132094
10. Казарян С.О. Стабилизирующие добавки для щебеночно-мастичных асфальтобетонов на основе высокодисперсных пористых минеральных материалов // Вестник Волгоградского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. Сер.: Строительство и архитектура. 2020. Вып. 1 (78). С. 149–156.
10. Kazaryan S.O. Stabilizing additives for crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete based on highly dispersed porous mineral materials. Vestnik of the Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Construction and architecture. 2020. Iss. 1 (78), pp. 149–156. (In Russian).
11. Борисенко Ю.Г., Казарян С.О., Селимов М.А., Борисенко О.А. Физико-химические основы применения пористых минеральных порошков в битумоминеральных композициях // Дороги и мосты. 2016. Вып. № 35. С. 263–281.
11. Borisenko Yu.G., Kazaryan S.O., Selimov M.A., Borisenko O.A. Physicochemical bases for the use of porous mineral powders in bitumomineral compositions. Dorogi i mosty. 2016. Iss. 35, pp. 263–281. (In Russian).
12. Иноземцев С.С., Поздняков М.К., Королев Е.В. Исследование адсорбционно-сольватного слоя битума на поверхности минерального порошка // Вестник МГСУ. 2012. Вып. 11. С. 159–167.
12. Inozemtsev S.S., Pozdnyakov M.K., Korolev E.V. Investigation of the adsorption-solvate layer of bitumen on the surface of mineral powder. Vestnik MGSU. 2012. Iss. 11, pp. 159–167. (In Russian).
13. Патент РФ 2686340. Способ оценки сцепления битума с минеральным материалом. Ивкин А.С., Васильев В.В., Саламатова Е.В., Майданова Н.В., Кондрашева Н.К. Заявл. 06.08.2018. Опубл. 25.04.2019.
13. Patent RF 2686340. Sposob otsenki stsepleniya bituma s mineral’nym materialom [Method for evaluation of bitumen adhesion with mineral material]. Ivkin A.S., Vasil’ev V.V., Salamatova E.V., Maidanova N.V., Kondrasheva N.K. Declared 06.08.2018. Published 25.04.2019. (In Russian).
14. Борисенко Ю.Г., Казарян С.О. Особенности напряженно-деформированного состояния покрытий из щебеночно-мастичного асфальтобетона, модифицированных керамзитовым порошком // Научный журнал строительства и архитектуры. 2019. № 3 (55). С. 36–43. DOI: 10.25987/VSTU.2019.55.3.004
14. Borisenko Y.G., Kazaryan S.O. Features of the stress strain of ceramsite powder modified SMA pavements. Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture. 2019. Vol. 3 (55), pp. 36–43. (In Russian). DOI: 10.25987/VSTU.2019.55.3.004
15. Чураев Н.В. Химия процессов массопереноса в пористых телах. М.: Химия, 1990. 272 с.
15. Churaev N.V. Khimiya protsessov massoperenosa v poristykh telakh [Chemistry of mass transfer processes in porous bodies]. Moscow: Khimiya. 1990. 272 p.

When GOST 17608 and GOST 6665 were republished, the authors prohibited the use of slag fillers, so manufacturers of products produced according to these standards have a problem: the use of only natural inert materials will lead to an increase in the cost of the final product. At the same time, however, this should lead to an improvement in the quality of manufactured products. But is it so? This article presents a comparative analysis of standards for fillers of natural origin and from metallurgical production waste in order to identify the reasons that do not allow the use of slag aggregates in concrete products for road construction. It was determined that most of the requirements for aggregates of both natural and man-made origin are the same, i.e. if the manufacturers observe and fulfill the requirements of the standards for slag aggregates, there should be no risk of reducing the quality of the final product. Then why the developers of GOST 17608 and GOST 6665, excluding from the list of aggregates for concrete materials according to GOST 3344–83 do not give an alternative in the form of aggregates according to GOST 5578–2019? The authors of the article have tried to reveal the answer to this question.

N.A. KOLOMOITSEV¹, Technical Expert (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.A. MAKAEVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ AKKERMANN CEMENT LLC (5, Zapad Street, Orenburg, Orenburg region, 462360, Russia Federation)
² Orenburg State University (13, Pobedy Avenue, Orenburg, 460018, Russia Federation)

1. Khokhryakov A.V., Tseytlin E.M. Waste generation of metallurgical enterprises of the Urals and their impact on the environment. Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2012. Vol. 14. No. 1–3, pp. 834–837. (In Russian).
2. Khokhryakov A.V., Fadeichev A.F., Zeitlin E.M. Dynamics of changes in the impact of the leading mining enterprises of the Urals on the environment. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Mining Journal. 2011. No. 8, pp. 44–53. (In Russian).
3. Antoninova N.Yu., Shubina L.A. Ecological rehabilitation of ecosystems in the areas of functioning of mining and metallurgical complexes. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Mining Journal. 2013. No. 8, pp. 64–68. (In Russian).
4. Sayadi1 M.H., Rezaei A., Sayyed M.R.G. Grain size fraction of heavy metals in soil and their relationship with land use. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2017. Vol. 7 (1), pp. 1–11.
5. Panfilov M.I., Shkol’nik Ya.Sh., Orinskij N.V., Kolomiec V.A., Sorokin YU.V., Grabeklis A.A. Pererabotka shlakov i bezotkhodnaya tekhnologiya v metallurgii [Slag processing and waste-free technology in metallurgy]. Moscow: Metallurgiya. 1987. 238 p.
6. Smirnova O.M., Kazanskaya L.F. Concrete based on industrial by-products: environmental impact assessment. Transportnyye sooruzheniya. 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15862/05SATS222
7. Svirenko L., Vergeles J., Spirin O. Environmental effects of ferrous slags – comparative analyses and a systems approach in slag impact assessment for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Approach. Handl. Environ. Probl. Min. Metall. (2003). DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1082-5_22
8. Agamov R.E., Goncharova M.A., Mraev A.V. Steelmaking slags as an effective raw material in road construction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 1–2, pp. 56–60. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-810-1-2-56-60
9. Babkov V.V., Nedoseko I.V., Glazachev A.O., Sinitsin D.A., Parfenova A.A., Kayumova E.I. Composite materials for road construction based on waste from the chemical and metallurgical industries. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 1–2, pp. 88–94. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-810-1-2-88-94
10. Fomina E.V., Vojtovich E.V., Fomin A.E., Lebedev M.S., Kozhukhova N.I. Assessment of the radiation quality of OEMK slag for its use in building composites. Vestnik of the BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2015. No. 6. (In Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-radiatsionnogo-kachestva-shlaka-oemk-dlya-primeneniya-ego-v-stroitelnyh-kompozitah (Date of access 14.09.2023).
11. Pugin K.G., Vajsman Ya.I., Volkov G.N., Mal’cev A.V. Assessment of the negative environmental impact of building materials containing ferrous metallurgy waste. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2012. No. 2. (In Russian). URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=5990 (Date of access 14.09.2023).

This article discusses issues related to the development of technological solutions designed to obtain protective paint and varnish coatings with high operational resistance for building metal structures. The developed technological map and scheme for creating nanostructured paint and varnish coatings on the surfaces of building metal structures are presented. These proposals complement the comprehensive approach to the development of protective paint and varnish coatings, consisting of methodological, technological and formulation solutions, and presented in other studies by the authors, which allows for its effective use in paint and varnish industry enterprises. The research results, based on the application of the developed solutions in laboratory and operational conditions, confirm the high efficiency of the developed integrated approach. Assessment of the quality of coatings in laboratory conditions showed that coating samples after 100 hours of thermal exposure retain high properties that meet the operating conditions of building metal structures. As part of production testing, it was established that the service life of nanostructured coatings increases by 1.5–2.6 times compared to traditional coatings. In this regard, the costs of repair and restoration of coatings are reduced, and their service life between repairs is increased. The introduction of the developed solutions into production will solve the problem of low operational durability of protective paint and varnish coatings of steel building metal structures operated under various influences.

A.P. PICHUGIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor;
V.F. KHRITANKOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor;
A.V. PCHELNIKOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (113 Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)
² Novosibirsk State Agricultural University (160, Dobroliubova Street, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation)

1. Eremin K.I. Osobennosti ehkspluatacii metallicheskikh konstrukciy promyshlennykh zdaniy [Peculiarities of operation of metal structures of industrial buildings]. Moscow: MISS-MGSU, 2012. 248 p.
2. Pchelnikov A.V. The concept of improving thequality of protective coatings of metal structuresof the agro-industrial complex. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2022. No. 11 (767), pp. 38–52. (In Russian).
3. Pichugin A.P., Banul V.V., Pchelnikov A.V. Ehffektivnaya polimernaya zashchita metallicheskikh obektov agropromyshlennogo kompleksa [Effective polymer protection of metal objects in the agro-industrial complex]. Novosibirsk: Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. 2022. 125 p.
4. Pichugin A.P., Pchelnikov A.V., Khritankov V.F., Tulyaganov A.K. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of nano-additives in protective coatings. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 3, pp. 20–26. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-811-3-20-26
5. Khozin V.G., Abdrakhmanova L.A., Nizamov R.K. General concentration pattern of effects of nanomodification of building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 25–33. (In Russian).
6. Nelubova V.V., Kuzmin E.O., Strokova V.V.Structure and properties of nanodispersed silica synthesized by the sol-gel method. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 12, pp. 38–44. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-809-12-38-44
7. Shashok Zh.S., Prokopchuk N.R. Primenenie uglerodnykh nanomaterialov v polimernykh kompoziciyakh [Application of carbon nanomaterials in polymer compositions]. Minsk: BSTU. 2014. 232 p.
8. Strokova V.V., Nelubova V.V., Kuzmin E.O.,Ryltsova I.G., Gubareva E.N., Baskakov P.S. Technologies of sol-gel synthesis of nanosilicaas a modifier of cement-based materials. Foresight analysis. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 3, pp. 43–72. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-811-3-43-72
9. Loganina V.I., Frolov M.V., Mazhitov E.B. Influence of protective and decorative coatings based on sol-silicate paints on the moisture regime of external walls of buildings. Construction and Geotechnics. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 4, pp. 103–114. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2021.4.08
10. Loganina V.I., Sergeeva K.A. Evaluation of superhydrophobic properties of coatings based on acrylic resin. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 1, pp. 98–103. (In Russian).
11. Mokrova M.V., Matveeva L.Yu., Letenko D.G., Strogonov Yu.A. Nanomodified thermal insulating gas gypsum: composition, properties, structure. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2022. No. 3, pp. 25–32. (In Russian).
12. Matveeva L.Yu., Mokrova M.V., Letenko D.G. Structure and properties of nanomodified high-strength gypsum for architectural products and stucco. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2022. No. 2, pp. 42–50. (In Russian).
13. Kuznetsova T.S., Pasko T.V., Burakov A.E. Study of the influence of pH on the sorption properties of nanostructured graphene-containing composite materials modified with polyaniline in the processes of extracting pollutants of various chemical natures. Perspectivnye materialy. 2023. No. 1, pp. 28–36. (In Russian).DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-1-28-36
14. Selyaev V.P., Nizina T.A., Nizin D.R., Kanaeva N.S. Accumulation kinetics in the structure of polymeric materials during natural climatic aging. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2022. No. 1, pp. 99–108. DOI: 10.22337/2587-9618-2022-18-1-99-108
15. Loganina V.I., Mazhitov E.B. Assessment of the durability of coatings based on sol-silicate paint. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 2, pp. 33–40. (In Russian).

The article considers the effect of a complex modifier consisting of a superplasticizer and cement crystallohydrates on the properties of cement dough, a highly mobile concrete mixture and heavy concrete obtained by hardening the mixture under normal conditions over a different period of time. As an additive of the superplasticizer, Relamix-PK was studied, administered in an amount of 0.6–0.8 wt. % of cement consumption. The authors investigated finely dispersed hydrated cement as additional crystallization centers. With the introduction of this complex modifier, the delamination of a highly mobile concrete mixture decreases (water separation – by 2 times, water separation – by 3.8 times). There is a significant acceleration of hardening in the initial periods of concrete hardening. Thus, in relation to the additive–free composition, the strength of concrete, which hardened for 1 day under normal conditions, increased 3.5 times, 3 days – 2.5 times, 28 days – 2 times. At the same time, it should be noted that when cement crystallohydrates are added, the hardening process is accelerated more in the initial terms of strength gain. The greatest strengthening effect was obtained by adding a complex modifier consisting of 0.8% plasticizer and 2% hydrated cement.

L.V. IL'INA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Advisor to the RAASN (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.I. BERDOV, of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.S. VISHNYAKOV, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.A. TSEKAR, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)

1. Rubin O.D., Ilyin Yu.A., Shevkin A.L., Evdokimova I.V. Creation of cast concrete mixtures using domestically produced additives. Gidrotekhnicheskoye stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 1, pp. 12–17. (In Russian).
2. Saidumov M.S., Murtazaeva T.S.A., Khubaev M.S.M., Murtazaeva R.S.A. Mineral fillers of technogenic origin for obtaining highly fluid concrete mixtures. In the collection: MILLIONSHIP-2019. Materials of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, Postgraduate Students and Young Scientists, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of GGNTU. 2019, pp. 291–298. (In Russian).
3. Kastornykh L.I., Kaklyugin A.V., Gikalo M.A., Trishchenko I.V. Features of the composition of concrete mixes for concrete pumping technology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 3, pp. 4–11. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-779-3-4-11
4. Yamada K., Kim C.B., Ichitsubo K., Ichikawa M. Combined effect of cement characteristics on the perfofmance of superplasticizers. An investigation in real cement plants. Proceedings of 8-th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete. Sorrento, Italy. 2006. Vol. 1, pp. 159–174.
5. Kastornykh L.I., Rautkin A.V., Raev A.S. The influence of water-retaining additives on some properties of self-compacting concrete. Part I. Rheological characteristics of cement compositions Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 7, pp. 34–38. (In Russian).
6. Kastornykh L.I., Detochenko I.A., Arinina E.S. The influence of water-retaining additives on some properties of self-compacting concrete. Part 2. Rheological characteristics of concrete mixtures and strength of self-compacting concrete Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 22–27. (In Russian).
7. Khalikov R.M., Ivanova O.V., Korotkova L.N., Sinitsin D.A. Supramolecular mechanism of the influence of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on the controlled hardening of construction nanocomposites. Nanotekhnologii v stroitel’stve: scientific online journal. 2020. Vol. 12. No. 5, pp. 250–255. (In Russian).
8. Lotov V.A., Sarkisov Yu.S., Gorlenko N.P., Zubkova O.A. Thermokinetic studies in the «cement-microsilica-superplasticizer-water» system. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya silikatov. 2021. Vol. 28. No, 2, pp. 42–49. (In Russian).
9. Murtazaev S.A.Yu. Comparative analysis of superplasticizers for monolithic concrete mixtures. High technology and innovation: electronic collection of reports of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 65th anniversary of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. Belgorod. 2019. Vol. 1, pp. 313–319. (In Russian). DOI: 10.12737/conferencearticle_5cecedc3920f65.65892749
10. Nizina T.A., Balykov A.S., Korovkin D.I., Volodin S.V., Volodin V.V. The influence of complex modifiers based on polycarboxylate superplasticizer and mineral additives of various compositions on the technological and physical-mechanical properties of cement systems. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2022. No. 1 (50), pp. 28–36. (In Russian).
11. Korovkin M.O., Korotkova A.A., Eroshkina N.A. Efficiency of a complex mineral additive in fine-grained self-compacting concrete. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2021. No. 3 (48), pp. 114–122. (In Russian).
12. Burenina O.N., Andreeva A.V., Savvinova M.E., Nikolaeva L.A. Study of the influence of finely dispersed additives from local raw materials on the strength properties of sulfur concrete. Materialovedeniye. 2023. No. 11. pp. 34–39. (In Russian).
13. Murtazaev S.A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh., Alaskhanov A.Kh., Murtazaeva T.S.A. Prospects for the use of cement industry waste for the production of modern concrete composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 5, pp. 55–62. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-791-5-55-62
14. Nelubova V.V., Usikov S.A., Strokova V.V., Netsvet D.D. Composition and properties of self-compacting concrete using a complex of modifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 12, pp. 48–54. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-798-12-48-54
15. Ilina L.V., Samchenko S.V., Rakov M.A., Zorin D.A. Modeling the kinetics of cement composite processes modified with calcium-containing additives. Nanotechnologies in construction. 2023. No. 15 (5), pp. 494–503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2023-15-5-494-503
16. Ilina L.V., Molodin V.V., Gichko N.O., Tulyaganov A.K. Improving the strength characteristics of cement conglomerates with directional additives. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 7, pp. 36–42. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-815-7-36-42
17. Khizhinkova E.Yu., Muzalevskaya N.V., Ovchinnikov S.P. The influence of high-calcium ash from thermal power plants on the properties of highly mobile concrete mixtures. Polzunovskiy vestnik. 2014. No. 1, pp. 214–217. (In Russian).
18. Samchenko S.V. Formirovaniye i genezis struktury tsementnogo kamnya: monografiya [Formation and genesis of the structure of cement stone: monograph]. Moscow: IP Er Media, EBS ASV. 2016. 284 p. URL: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/49874.html
19. Hagverdiyeva T.A., Jafarov R. Impact of fine ground mineral additives on properties of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 73–76. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-73-76
20. Ilina L.V, Kudyakov A.I., Rakov M.A. Aerated dry mix concrete for remote northern territories. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2022. No. 5 (113), pp. 11310. DOI: 10.34910/MCE.113.10
21. Nguyen D.V.K., Bazhenov Yu.M., Aleksandrova O.V. The influence of quartz powder and mineral additives on the properties of high-strength concrete. Vestnil of the MSUCE. 2019. Vol. 14. No. 1 (124), pp. 102–117. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.25686/2542-114X.2020.3.7

In modern construction concrete recycling is one of the promising directions of utilization of multi-tonnage concrete and reinforced concrete waste. Most often concrete crushing products are reused as coarse and fine aggregate. It is shown in the paper that reuse of the dusty fraction of cement-sand stone as an active colloidal additive obtained by its alkaline mechanical-chemical activation allows to partially replace cement in commercial concrete and hydraulically hardening compositions without loss of their strength. This paper presents the results of the effect of colloidal admixture on technological and physical-mechanical properties of concrete mixture.

P.A. SIMONOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
G.I. STOROZHENKO², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.A. RAKOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
H.B. MANZYRYKCHY³, Junior Researcher (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Novosibirsk State University (2, Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation)
² Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SIBSTRIN) (113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)
³ Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources of Siberian Branch of RAS (117 A, Internacional’naja Street, Kyzyl, 667007, Republic of Tyva, Russian Federation)

1. Chulkov V.О., Nazirov B.E. Recycling of construction and demolition waste during renovation of territories and road surfaces of large cities. Otchody i resursi. 2018. No. 4. (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/06NZOR418
2. Efimenko A.Z. Concrete waste is a raw material for the production of efficient building materials.Technologii betonov. 2014. No. 2, pp. 19–23. (In Russian).
3. Beppaev Z.U., Astvatsaturova L.H., Kolodyazhny S.A., Vernigora S.A., Lopatinsky V.V. Prospects for the use of fine-dispersed recycling products of concrete processing as mineral additives for the manufacture of building mortars. Beton i Zhelezobeton. 2023. No. 1 (615), pp. 43–55. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37538/0005-9889-2023-1(615)-43-55
4. Goncharova M.A., Borkov P.V., Al-Surrayvi H.G.H. Recycling of large-capacity concrete and reinforced concrete waste in the context of realization of full life cycle contracts. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 12, pp. 51–57. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-777-12-52-57
5. Remnev V.V. Possibility of using reusable building materials in concretes. Beton i Zhelezobeton. 2022. No. 3 (611), pp. 20–22. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0005-9889-2022-611-3-20-22
6. Krasinikova N.M., Kirillova E.V., Khozin V.G. Reuse of concrete waste as input products for cement concretes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 1–2, pp. 56–65. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-778-1-2-56-65
7. Pacheco-Torgal F., Labrincha J.A., Leonelli C., Palomo A., Chindaprasirt P. Handbook of Alkali-activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes. Elsevier. 2015. 830 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-16511-7
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