The results of experimental studies of the sound insulating qualities of fences with flexible slabs on the side, made in reverberation rooms, are presented, and an analysis of the influence of some parameters on their sound insulation is given. It has been shown that the installation of flexible slabs is most rational when the airborne noise insulation index of the main structure is in the range of 40–45 dB. At higher indices, the effectiveness of additional sound insulation decreases.

N.A. KOCHKIN¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.V. IVANOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.L. SHUBIN², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Correspondent Мember of RAACS, Director, (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.A. KOCHKIN¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Vologda State University (15, Lenin Street, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Kuzmin D.S., Monich D.V., Grebnev P.A., Porozhenko М.А. Ways to increase of sound insulation of light partitions with shotcrete claddings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 7, pp. 10–16. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-7-10-16
2. Antonov A.I., Shubin I.L., Matveeva I.V., Merkusheva N.P. Design of noise protection measures in industrial premises with non-permanent workplaces. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2023. No. 4 (68), pp. 9–18. (In Russian).
3. Kuzmin D.S., Monich D.V., Bobylev V.N., Grebnev P.A. Sound insulation of light partitions with shotcrete cladding and acoustic separation of layers. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2023. No. 1 (65), pp. 57–64. (In Russian).
4. Kochkin A.A., Shashkova L.E., Kochkin N.A., Ivanova A.V. Methods of increasing sound insulation of building envelopes. Privolzhskii nauchnyi zhurnal. 2022. No. 1 (61), pp. 41–51. (In Russian).
5. Minaeva N.A. Research on the influence of the innovative material Texaund on the soundproofing properties of construction partitions. BST. 2021. No. 6 (1042), pp. 18–19. (In Russian).
6. Minaeva N.A. Analysis of sound insulation qualities of frame-sheathing partitions. Academiya. Architectura i stroitel’stvo. 2018. No. 4, pp. 137–141. (In Russian).
7. Ovsyannikov S.N., Samokhvalov A.S., Lelyuga O.V., Bolshanina T.S. Calculations of sound insulation of one-, two- and three-layer translucent structures. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 11, pp. 29–35. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-11-29-35
8. Porozhenko M.A., Minaeva N.A., Sukhov V.N. Assessment of airborne noise insulation by a wall with a flexible slab on the side. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2016. No. 7, pp. 54–56. (In Russian).
9. Shubin I.L., Aistov V.A., Porozchenko M.A. Sound Insulation of enclosing Structures in high-rise Buildings. Requirements and Methods of Support. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 33–43. (In Russian).DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-33-43
10. Kochkin A.A., Shubin I.L., Kochkin N.A., Kiryatkova A.V. On the regulation of sound insulation of layered vibration-damped elements. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Textile industry technology. 2016. No. 4 (364), pp. 181–187. (In Russian).
11. Kochkin A.A., Kiryatkova A.V., Kochkin N.A. Increasing the sound insulation of light fences using layered vibration-damped elements. University science – region. Materials of the XIV All-Russian Scientific Conference. Vologda. 2016, pp. 174–177. (In Russian).
12. Kochkin A.A., Shashkova L.E. Increasing the sound insulation of layered vibration-damped fences by reducing their bending rigidity. Izvestiya of the South-Western State University. 2011. No. 5 (38). Part 2, pp. 159–162. (In Russian).

Thermal insulation materials used in external enclosing structures, depending on their basic properties, design solutions implemented with their help, the quality of their manufacture and installation, and taking into account the peculiarities of the operating mode, can perform their functions with varying efficiency. This can significantly affect the heat consumption of building heating systems. The paper presents the result of an ongoing experiment to assess the energy consumption of buildings depending on the type of structure and characteristics of their external fences. The test results confirmed the existence of a connection between the intense wind impact on the facade of the building, the air permeability of the enclosing structure and its individual constituent layers and the parameters of the air heating system.

K.I. LUSHIN^1,2, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Moscow Polytechnic University (38, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya Street, Moscow, 107023, Russian Federation)
² Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Belyaev V.S. Heat transfer in the joints of external walls of large-panel buildings with two-dimensional air filtration. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 7, pp. 16–20. (In Russian).
2. Kassas M. Modeling and simulation of residential HVAC systems energy consumption. Procedia Computer Science. 2015. Vol. 52, pp. 754–763. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2015.05.123
3. Avsyukevich D.A., Shishkin E.V., Litvinova N.B., Mirgorodskiy A.N. Thermoeconomic model of a building’s thermal protection envelope and heating system. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2015. Vol. 113 (5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.34910/MCE.113.2
4. Mekhnetsov I.A. Criteria for choosing insulation for suspended ventilated facades. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2006. No. 6, pp. 56–60. (In Russian).
5. Lushin K.I. Relationship between heat flows of heating devices and inertial characteristics of premises. BST. 2023. No. 6 (1066), pp. 52–54. (In Russian).
6. Zubarev K.P., Pikalov K.G. Modern developments of air heating systems. BST. 2021. No. 9 (1045), pp. 44–46. (In Russian).
7. Okunev A.Yu., Levin E.V. Radiant heat exchange of enclosing structures of buildings with the environment. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2023. No. 6, pp. 43–51. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2023-6-43-51
8. Kravchuk V.Yu., Rymarov A.G. Engineering methodology for taking into account the influence of porous air-permeable elements on the thermal protection of a building. Santekhnika, Otoplenie, Konditsionirovanie. 2018. No. 6 (198), pp. 66–68. (In Russian).
9. Karpov D.F., Pavlov M.V., Gudkov A.G. Identification of hidden defects in the thermal protection of buildings and determination of some thermal properties of structural building materials using the non-destructive method of thermal imaging. Vestnik of the Dagestan State Technical University. Technical science. 2023. Vol. 50. No. 1, pp. 174–182. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2023-50-1-174-184
10. Toshin D.S. Deformability of mineral wool insulation under excessive loading. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2017. No. 21, pp. 6–9. (In Russian).
11. Khorokhordin A.M., Rudakov Ya.O., Khorokhordina E.A., Raspopova A.A. New in quality control of mineral wool insulation. Khimiya, fizika i mekhanika materialov. 2023. No. 3 (38), pp. 81–90. (In Russian).
12. Zubarev K.P., Rynkovskaya M.I. Calculation of the thickness of insulation of building walls under non-stationary humidity conditions of the enclosing structure. Perspektivy nauki. 2023. No. 1 (160), pp. 99–102. (In Russian).
13. Zhou Z., Zubarev K.P. The use of sorption and excess sorption isotherm in the mathematical modeling of the unsteady-state heat and humidity regime of the building envelope. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 2131. Mathematical modeling and computational methods in problems of electromagnetism, electronics and physics of welding. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/5/052072
14. Umnyakova N.P. Sorption of water vapor of mineral wool insulation in exploited ventilation facades Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2013. No. 3, pp. 50–52. (In Russian).
15. Gagarin V.G., Guvernyuk S.V., Lushin K.I. Determination of fiber emission from mineral wool insulation of a curtain wall facade system with a ventilated layer. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 9, pp. 29–31. (In Russian).

Code of Rules 415.1325800.2018 “Public buildings. The Rules of Acoustic design”, which was released in 2018, contains methods of acoustic design of indoor sports and entertainment facilities with a capacity of up to 25 thousand people, the air volume of which is limited to 50 thousand m³. However, over the past 10 years, massive construction of large sports arenas with a capacity of more than 50 thousand people and an air volume of more than 500 thousand m³ has begun in Russia. In addition, all modern sports facilities are designed and built as multifunctional playgrounds, where, in addition to sports competitions, concert and entertainment events can also be held. Thus, the approaches and methods of acoustic design outlined in the 2018 Set of Rules currently do not meet the features of modern sports arenas with large capacity and large air volume, in which it is important to ensure a high level of acoustic comfort. The article presents a new Set of rules 415.1325800.2023 “Public buildings. Rules of acoustic design”, which proposes modern approaches to determining the optimal reverberation time depending on the air volume of the room. An additional parameter for the normalization of acoustic comfort is considered – the FSI fan support index. The data on the sound-absorbing characteristics of modern materials used in the decoration of arenas are updated. Simple analytical algorithms for estimating reverberation time in open, semi-open and closed arenas are proposed.

A.V. PERETOKIN^1,2, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
Kh.A. SHCHIRZHETSKII¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivny proezd, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² LLC “Design Institute of Building Acoustics” (33, str.2, Novokuznetskaya Street, Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation)

1. Peretokin А., Livshits A., Orlov A., Shirgina N. Acoustics features of sports facilities on the example of FIFA 2018 football stadiums In Russia. Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress on Acoustics. 9 to 13 September 2019 in Aachen, Germany.
2. Peretokin A.V., Livshits A.Ya., Orlov A.V., Shirgi-na N.V. Features of the acoustics of sports facilities using the example of FIFA football stadiums. XXXII Session of RAO. Moscow. 2019.
3. Shchirzhetskii Kh.A., Peretokin A.V. Calculation of the fan support index in the acoustic design of large sports facilities. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 6, pp. 35–40. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-803-6-35-40
4. Peretokin A.V., Shchirzhetsky Kh.A. Problems of optimization of reverberation time in large sports and entertainment facilities and practical possibilities for their solution. BST. 2023. No. 6, pp. 38–43. (In Russian).
5. Shchirzhetsky Kh.A., Sukhov V.N. Problems of acoustic design of sports and entertainment halls of various sizes and capacities. BST. 2017. No. 6, pp. 26–28. (In Russian).
6. Shchirzhetskii Kh.A., Soukhov V.N., Shchirzhets-kii A.Kh., Aleshkin V.M. On the problem of acoustic design of modern multipurpose halls. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2019. No. 7, pp. 16–24. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-7-16-24
7. Shchirzhetsky Kh.A. Rapid assessment of speech intelligibility zones in indoor environments. Collection of proceedings of the scientific and technical seminar in Sevastopol. 2012. (In Russian).
8. Peretokin A.V., Shchirzhetsky Kh.A. The influence of transformation on the acoustics of large sports facilities using the example of the Gazprom Arena football stadium in St. Petersburg. Collection of proceedings of the XXXIV session of the Russian Acoustical Society. Moscow. February 14–18, 2022, pp. 500–510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34756/GEOS.2021.17.38058

A comfortable acoustic environment in residential and public buildings is an important task that can be solved only in a complex of special constructive measures, one of which is to improve the sound insulation of enclosing structures, including floor-to-floor ceilings. The article presents the results of laboratory tests of building materials used as elastic gaskets when installing floating floors. The compositions of floating floors are described, graphs of the frequency dependence of the improvement of shock noise insulation by tested structures, as well as their single-digit characteristics are given.

O.V. GRADOVA, Head of Sector No. 42.1 “Acoustic materials and structures” (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.M. ROGALEV, Leading Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)

1. Shubin I.L., Aistov V.A., Porozchenko M.A. Sound Insulation of enclosing Structures in high-rise Buildings. Requirements and Methods of Support. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 33–43. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-33-43
2. Kryshov S.I. Problems of sound insulation of buildings under construction. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2017. No. 6, pp. 8–10. (In Russian).
3. Kryshov S.I., Kotel’nikov D.E., Gradova O.V. Zavisimost’ izolyatsii udarnogo shuma ot sostava konstruktivnykh sloev napol’nogo pokrytiya. BST. 2021. No. 6 (1042), pp. 16–17. (In Russian).
4. Polevshchikov A.S. Sound insulation of interfloor ceilings in residential buildings Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2015. No. 7, pp. 55–57. (In Russian).
5. Gerasimov A.I. Soundproofing and sound-absorbing materials and their application in construction. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2009. No. 5, pp. 209–215. (In Russian).
6. Senan A.M. Assessment of impact noise insulation by interfloor structures with sand cushioning materials. Protection of the population from increased noise exposure. Collection of reports of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation. Edited by N.I. Ivanov, K.B. Friedman. 2015, pp. 274–275. (In Russian).
7. Shubin I.L. Regulatory documents on energy saving and building acoustics, developed by Research Institute of Building Physics Russian Academy Architecture and Construction sciences. BST. 2012. No. 2, pp. 7–13. (In Russian).
8. Ovsyannikov S.N., Skripnichenko D.S. Research of sound-proof properties of materials. Technology of the textile industry. 2016. No. 4 (364), pp. 40–44. (In Russian).
9. Gorin V.A., Klimenko V.V., Litovkin K.Yu. Changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soundproofing cushioning materials during operation. Sustainable development of the region: architecture, construction, transport: Materials of the 4th International Scientific and Practical Conference of the Institute of Architecture, Construction and Transport of Tambov State Technical University. Tambov. June 15–16, 2017, pp. 149–152. (In Russian).
10. Gorin V.A., Klimenko V.V., Mandolyan A.R. The influence of the floor structure on the insulation of impact noise between floors. Sustainable development of the region: architecture, construction, transport: Materials of the 4th International Scientific and Practical Conference of the Institute of Architecture, Construction and Transport of Tambov State Technical University. Tambov, June 15–16, 2017, pp. 153–157. (In Russian).

To ensure a sufficient level of thermal protection of buildings in accordance with Federal Law 261-FZ, mass heat insulation of newly erected and existing buildings began after 2009. The issues of changing the performance indicators of thermal insulation materials over time from the standpoint of energy efficiency of buildings are of great interest. The paper considers the issues of durability of insulation used in different regions of Russia. It is proposed to use an equation based on the theory of transfer for a comparative analysis of the performance indicators of thermal insulation materials. The proposed equation makes it possible to analyze data obtained by different authors using various research methods (laboratory experiments, field tests, forecasting properties using computer modeling). Using the transfer theory, changes in the coefficient of thermal conductivity and strength of heat insulation materials are investigated based on the results of studies of materials in a climate chamber and computer modeling. It has been established that the initial rates of change processes in strength and thermal conductivity coefficient have the same orientation for the data obtained by different authors, however, in absolute values the results differ significantly from each other, perhaps this is due to the inaccuracy of the initial data. In further work, it is proposed to conduct full-scale thermal imaging studies of materials, which will make it possible to adjust the values of the initial velocity and braking coefficient for different materials, taking into account climatic conditions. The calculated values of the initial velocity and the braking coefficient of the process will make it possible to predict with high accuracy the change in the operational parameters of the material over time.

T.V. ANIKANOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.S. POGROMSKY², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
N.V. PAVLENKO^3,4, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
² Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
³ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
⁴ Institute of Mechanics, Lomonosov Moscow State University (1, Michurinsky Avenue, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation)

1. Leonova A.N., Kurochka M.V. Methodology for improving energy efficiency during reconstruction. Vestnik MGSU. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 7 (118), pp. 805–813. (In Russian).
2. Smorodova O.V., Kitaev S.V., Pavlova A.D. Strengthening the thermal protection of the building. Neftegazovoe delo. 2016. No. 14–4, pp. 185–189. (In Russian).
3. Andreev M.K., Gamayunova O.S. Insulation of facades during renovation of residential buildings of standard series. Inzhenernye issledovaniya. 2023. No. 2 (12), pp. 19–26. (In Russian).
4. Tarasov I.Yu., Hristoforova I.A. Application of polymer insulation materials in civil and industrial construction. Sovremennoe stroitel’stvo i arhitektura. 2022. No. 2 (26), pp. 4–7. (In Russian).
5. Aralov E.S., Kumickij B.M., Bugaevskij D.O. Effectiveness of thermal insulation materials used in the construction of external enclosing structures. Gradostroitel’stvo. Infrastruktura. Kommunikacii. 2021. No. (25), pp. 26–31. (In Russian).
6. Lagutina D.R. Features of the use of thermal insulation materials in construction. Stroitel’stvo i arhitektura. 2023. Vol. 11. No. 4. p. 11. (In Russian).
7. Fedosov S.V., Malbiev S.A., Kusenkova A.A., Vetrova Yu.S., Gruzinceva N.A., Gusev B.N. The state and prospects of the use of polymer thermal insulation materials in construction. Vestnik of the Volga State Technological University. Series: Materials. Constructions. Technologies. 2018. No. 3. pp. 26–43. (In Russian).
8. Erofeev A.V. Development of methods for predicting the durability of building materials. Sustainable development of the region: architecture, construction and transport: Materials of the IX international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the memory of academician RAASN Chernyshov E.M. Tambov. 2022, pp. 155–163. (In Russian).
9. Aleksandrovskij S.V. Dolgovechnost’ ograzhdayushchih konstrukcij [Longevity enclosing structures]. Moscow: NIISF RAASN, 2004. 332 p.
10. Molostova I.E., Vyatkina S.D., Karaban A.V. Durability of building envelopes. Technocongress: Materials of the XXV international scientific conference. Kemerovo. 2018, pp. 40–43. (In Russian).
11. Zorin R.N., Matyashova L.Yu. Methods for predicting the durability of enclosing structures. Inzhenernye sistemy i sooruzheniya. 2017. No. 2 (27), pp. 47–50. (In Russian).
12. Gurov A.S., Al Shekley O.A.K., Kryukova A.A. Predicting the durability of the outer walls of a building made of three-layer reinforced concrete panels with polystyrene foam insulation. Effective building structures: theory and practice: Collection of articles of the XXII International Scientific and Technical Conference. Penza. 2022, pp. 57–61. (In Russian).
13. Pastushkov P.P., Pavlenko N.V., Zherebtsov A.V. Field studies of thermophysical characteristics of thermal insulation materials as part of facade systems. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2019. No. 12, pp. 62–66. (In Russian).
14. Petrov P.V., Vedruchenko V.R., Rezanov E.V., Kadtsin I.I., Kulagin V.A. Experimental study of the effective insulation of building envelopes. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering and Technologies. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 3, pp. 356–367. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-0403
15. Kupriyanov V.N., Ivancov A.I. Thermal aging of polymer-containing thermal insulation materials in external walls. Ekspert: teoriya i praktika. 2020. No. 3 (6), pp. 31–36. (In Russian).
16. Fedyuk R.S. Durability of various brands of construction polystyrene foam. Vestnik of the Kuzbass State Technical University. 2013. No. 5, pp. 143–148. (In Russian).
17. Berd R., Styuart V., Lajtfut E. Yavleniya perenosa [Transfer phenomena]. Moscow: Himiya. 1974. 686 p.
18. Rahimbaev Sh.M. Opyt resheniya nauchno-tekhnicheskih zadach s ispol’zovaniem evristiki [Experience in solving scientific and technical problems using heuristics]. Belgorod: BSTU. 2014. 248 p.
19. Anikanova T.V., Rahimbaev Sh.M. Improving the methodology for calculating the constants of hardening kinetics based on transfer theory. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. North Caucasus region. Technical sciences. 2024. No. 1, pp. 106–112. (In Russian).

The purpose of the work was to study the heat-protective qualities of foam glass crushed stone based on diatomite and cullet and to assess its applicability as part of the roadway in permafrost areas. Experimental definitions of thermal engineering parameters of foam glass crushed stone made of cullet and diatomite, including bulk density, operational density, compressive strength in a cylinder at a given operational density, thermal conductivity, have been carried out. The thermophysical characteristics of backfilling from foam glass crushed stone based on cullet at a 30% degree of compaction have been studied. The values of thermal conductivity of foam glass crushed stone in dry, frozen, and thawed conditions are determined. The experimental data obtained were the basis for computer modeling and calculation of soil temperature fields with a pavement structure in the territory of permafrost distribution (Republic of Sakha, Yakutia). The calculation of the temperature regime change with a forecast for 12 months was carried out. For comparison, the calculation of a similar road structure without a thermal insulation layer, using coarse sand, is presented. The calculation results show the effectiveness of using foam glass rubble filling in the construction of the pavement; it was found that the thermal insulation layer of foam glass rubble prevents the defrosting of a layer of permafrost soils.

I.V. BESSONOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.A. KOROTKOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.S. GOVRYAKOV^1,2, lead engineer, PhD student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.A. GORBUNOVA^1,2, Engineer, Master’s degree student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
D.R. TAICHINOV², student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Shubin I.L., Umnyakova N.P., Bessonov I.V., Spiridonov A.V. Prospects for the use of materials and products made of foam glass in thermal insulation systems. BST: Byulleten’ stroitel’noy tekhniki. 2017. No. 6, pp. 12–14. (In Russian).
2. Bessonov I.V., Bruyako M.G., Gorbunova E.A., Govryakov I.S. Research of modifying additives of foamed liquid glass. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 6, pp. 16–20. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-814-6-16-20
3. Bruyako M.G., Bessonov I.V., Gorbunova E.A., Govryakov I.S. Thermal insulation material based on cold-curing foamed liquid glass. Construction – the formation of a living environment: a collection of materials from the seminar of young scientists of the XXVI International Scientific Conference. Tashkent, April 26–28, 2023. Moscow: National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 2023, pp. 49–52. (In Russian).
4. Bessonov I.V., Bulgakov B.I., Aleksandrova O.V., Gorbunova E.A. Study of the performance qualities of foam materials based on cold-curing liquid glass. Nanotechnologies in construction: scientific online journal. 2023. Vol. 15. No. 5, pp. 424–437. https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2023-15-5-424-437
5. Zhukov A.D. Tekhnologiya teploizolyatsionnykh materialov. Chast’ 1. Teploizolyatsionnyye materialy. Proizvodstvo teploizolyatsionnykh materialov. Uchebnoye posobiye [Technology of thermal insulation materials. Part 1. Thermal insulation materials. Production of thermal insulation materials. Tutorial]. Moscow: MSUCE Publishing House. 2011. 430 p.
6. Melkonyan R.G., Vlasova S.G. Ekologicheskiye i ekonomicheskiye problemy ispol’zovaniya stekloboya v proizvodstve stekla: uchebnoye posobiye [Environmental and economic problems of using cullet in glass production: a textbook]. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House, 2013. 100 p.
7. Ivanov K.S., Radaev S.S., Selezneva O.I. Diatomites in granulated foam glass technology. Steklo i keramika. 2014. No. 5, pp. 15–19. (In Russian).
8. Standard solutions for restoring the bearing capacity of the roadbed and ensuring the strength and frost resistance of road pavement on heaving sections of roads. Developed by JSC Giprodornii, State Enterprise Rosdornii. Approved by decree of Rosavtodor dated June 14, 2000. N 113-r. (In Russian).
9. Degtyar A.A., Yushkov B.S. Construction of subgrade on weak heaving soils. Transport. Transportnyye sooruzheniya. Ekologiya. 2014. No. 4, pp. 6–26. (In Russian).
10. Bessonov I.V., Zhukov A.D., Bobrova E.Yu., Govryakov I.S., Gorbunova E.A. Analysis of design solutions depending on the type of insulating materials in road pavements in permafrost soils. Transportnoye stroitel’stvo. 2022. No. 1, pp. 14–17. (In Russian).
11. Bessonov I.V., Zhukov A.D., Bobrova E.Yu. at al. Research of the thermal insulation properties of crushed stone made of foam glass in the bases of highways in permafrost and heaving soils. Transportnoye stroitel’stvo. 2022. No. 2, pp. 12–15. (In Russian).
12. Bessonov I.V., Bobrova E.Yu., Agafonova N.Z., Govryakov I.S., Gorbunova E.A. Design solutions and modeling of temperature fields in thermal insulation systems in the foundations of highways in permafrost soils. Transportnoye stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 3, pp. 32–34. (In Russian).
13. Xu G., Qi J., Wu W. Temperature effect on the compressive strength of frozen soils: a review. In: Wu W. (eds) Recent Advances in Geotechnical Research. Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer, Cham. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89671-7_19
14. Galkin A.F. Determination of the permissible depth of thawing of the roadway in the permafrost zone. Energobezopasnost’ i energosberezheniye. 2021. No. 5, pp. 18–22. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2021-5-18-22
15. Davydov V.A., Bondareva E.D. Izyskaniya i proyektirovaniye avtomobil’nykh dorog na mnogoletnemerzlykh gruntakh [Surveys and design of highways on permafrost soils]. Omsk: OGPI. 1989. 183 p.
16. Galkin A.F., Pankov V.Yu. Thermal protection of roads in the permafrost zone. Journal of Applied Engineering Science. 2022. Vol. 20. No. 2, pp. 395–399. https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-34379
17. Galkin A.F., Plotnikov N.A. Selection of building materials for the thermal insulation layer of road clothing. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 9, pp. 57–64. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-817-9-57-64
18. Galkin A.F., Zheleznyak M.N., Zhirkov A.F. Increasing the thermal stability of the embankment in permafrost regions. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 7, pp. 26–31. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-793-7-26-31
19. Pavlov A.V. Monitoring kriolitozony [Permafrost monitoring]. Novosibirsk: Academic Publishing House “GEO”. 2008. 230 p.

Currently, the issue of reuse of various materials that have served their useful life, as well as waste from the production of these materials, has become relevant in all areas of industry. The use of modern technologies already makes it possible to efficiently process various wastes, but in most cases the use of raw materials obtained in this way poses a serious task for engineers and technologists. One of the most common products of the construction industry is a different kind of insulation, as an integral part of the structure, which provides effective energy protection of buildings from heat loss during cold periods of the year. Mineral wool, as an effective method of protection, is actively used now and was popular in the 20th century. Many buildings, when decommissioned, respectively, contain insulation in the mass of waste, creating the task of developing methods for using it repeatedly or after recycling.

A.Yu. KASHURKIN^1,2, Head of Laboratory (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
I.V. MELNIKOVA¹, Technician,
A.D. NOVAKOV¹, Technician,
V.M. FLORENSKY¹, Technician

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Volkova A.V. Rynok utilizatsii otkhodov [Waste recycling market]. Moscow: INFRA. 2018. 87 p.
2. Shishakina O.A., Palamarchuk A.A. Review of directions for recycling technogenic waste in the production of building materials. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental’nykh issledovaniy. 2019. No. 4, pp. 198–203. (In Russian).
3. Erofeev V.T., Rodin A.I., Bochkin V.S., Yakunin V.V., Ermakov A.A. Light geopolymers from mineral wool production waste. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2020. No. 1 (93), pp. 3–12.
4. Abdrakhimov V.Z. Using waste from the production of mineral wool to obtain wall materials. Ekologiya promyshlennogo proizvodstva. 2019. No. 2 (106), pp. 9–12. (In Russian).
5. Pranckevicienė I., Pundienė I. The influence of the combined use of mineral wool production waste and catalytic cracking catalyst waste on the structure and properties of ceramics. Steklo i keramika. 2020. No. 10, pp. 34–40. (In Russian).
6. Erofeev V.T., Rodin A.I., Yakunin V.V., Tuvin M.N. Structure, composition and properties of geopolymers from mineral wool waste Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2019. No. 6 (90), pp. 3–14.
7. Sharif A., Arshian R., Najmi A., Tseng M.-L., Lim M.K. Dynamic and causality interrelationships from municipal solid waste recycling to economic growth, carbon emissions and energy efficiency using a novel bootstrapping autoregressive distributed lag. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Vol. 166. 2021. 105372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105372
8. Yliniemi J., Kinnunen P., Karinkanta P., Illikainen M. Utilization of mineral wools as alkali-activated material precursor. Materials (Basel). 2016. Vol. 9 (5). 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050312
9. Kikalishvili D.G. Analysis of the use of mineral wool production waste. International scientific and technical conference of young scientists of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2022, pp. 77–81. (In Russian).
10. Zhukov A.D. Tekhnologiya teploizolyatsionnykh materialov: ucheb. pos. CH. 1. Teploizolyatsionnyye materialy. Proizvodstvo teploizolyatsionnykh [Technology of thermal insulation materials: textbook. village Part 1. Thermal insulation materials. Production of thermal insulation]. Moscow: MSTUCE. 2011. 431 p.
11. Pustovgar A.P., Lavdansky P.A., Esenov A.V. at al. The influence of superplasticizers and calcium oxide on the hydration of cement in serpentinite concrete. Vestnik of the Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2014. No. 2 (33), p. 10. EDN: SWKHMF
12. Patent for invention RU 2077520 C1, 04/20/1997. Legkiy beton neavtoklavnogo tverdeniya [Lightweight concrete of non-autoclave hardening]. Kostin V.V. Application No. 93011869/03 dated 03/04/1993. EDN: WTQASR
13. Patent for invention RU 2123484 C1, 12/20/1998. Shlakoshchelochnoy yacheistyy beton [Slag-alkaline cellular concrete]. Belyakova Zh.S., Velichko E.G., Zubenko V.M., Rakhmanov V.A., Toloraya D.F. Application No. 96114705/03 dated 07/18/1996. EDN: ZEKZZZ
14. Erofeev V.T., Maksimova I.N., Tarakanov O.V., Sanyagina Ya.A., Erofeeva I.V., Suzdaltsev O.V. Decorative and finishing powder-activated concretes with a granular surface texture. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 10, pp. 25–40. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-807-10-25-40
15. Klyuev S.V. High-strength fiber-reinforced concrete for industrial and civil construction. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2012. No. 8 (34), pp. 61–66. (In Russian).
16. Nelyubova V.V., Babaev V.B., Alfimova N.I., Usikov S.A., Masanin O.O. Increasing the efficiency of fiber-reinforced concrete production. Stroitel’nyye materialy i izdeliya. 2019. Vol. 2. No. 2, pp. 4–9. (In Russian).
17. Nelubova V.V., Usikov S.A., Strokova V.V., Netsvet D.D. Composition and properties of self-compacting concrete using a complex of modifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 12, pp. 48–54. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-798-12-48-54
18. Bogdanov R.R., Ibragimov R.A. Process of hydration and structure formation of the modified self-compacting concrete. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2017. No. 5 (73), pp. 14–24.
19. Fedyuk R.S., Mochalov A.V., Lesovik V.S., Gridchin  A.M., Fisher H.B. Composite binders and self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete for protective structures. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov. 2018. No. 7, pp. 77–85. (In Russian).
20. Klyuev A.V., Klyuev S.V., Netrebenko A.V., Durachenko A.V. Fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete reinforced with polypropylene fiber. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after. V.G. Shukhov. 2014. No. 4, pp. 67–72. (In Russian).

The pipe-concrete structures stress-strain state and load-bearing capacity abstract theorem are discussed in this article and experimental studies are carried out to confirm them. Pipe concrete structures prototypes were made of high-strength concrete with spiral reinforcement and high-strength longitudinal reinforcement. The developed compressed pipe-concrete structures have increased strength and have high ultimate axial deformations. Significantly greater energy is required compared to traditionally used load-bearing elements to destroy such a structure. This circumstance makes them especially attractive for use in buildings and structures erected in seismically active zones, as well as for unique buildings and structures. The compressed pipe-concrete element design was improved based on the research results. It was possible to significantly increase its strength compared to known analogues due to the high-strength tensile concrete use. Such elements maximum deformation exceeds 1%, which opens up good opportunities for use. The developed structure high strength and ductility indicate that their destruction requires a large energy. It will significantly increase the frames survivability made of using pipe-concrete elements.

V.I. RIMSHIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.L. KRISHAN³, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Adviser of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.A. ASTAFIEVA³, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Docent (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
E.S. KETSKO², Postgraduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.S. BYKOV², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Scientific-Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21, Lokomotivniy Driveway, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
³ Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University (38, Lenin Avenue, Magnitogorsk, 455000, Russian Federation)

1. Римшин В.И., Кришан А.Л., Астафьева М.А. Самозаклинивающиеся элементы в трубобетонных колоннах // Academia. Архитектура и строительство. 2023. № 3. С. 140–148.
1. Rimshin V.I., Krishan A.L., Astafieva M.A. Self-jamming elements in pipe-concrete columns. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2023. No. 3, pp. 140–148. (In Russian).
2. Кришан А.Л., Римшин В.И., Астафьева М.А., Ступак А.А., Анпилов С.М. Учет гибкости при расчете прочности центрально-сжатых трубобетонных колонн квадратного сечения // Строительство и реконструкция. 2023. № 4 (108). С. 47–56.
2. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafieva M.A., Stupak A.A., Anpilov S.M. Taking into account flexibility when calculating the strength of centrally compressed tube-concrete columns of square section. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya. 2023. No. 4 (108), pp. 47–56. (In Russian).
3. Римшин В.И., Анпилов С.М., Кришан А.Л., Астафьева М.А., Ступак А.А. Прочность коротких трубобетонных колонн квадратного сечения // Русский инженер. 2023. № 2 (79). С. 46–48.
3. Rimshin V.I., Anpilov S.M., Krishan A.L., Astafieva M.A., Stupak A.A. Strength of short tube-concrete columns of square section. Russkii inzhener. 2023. No. 2 (79), pp. 46–48. (In Russian).
4. Кришан А.Л., Римшин В.И., Астафьева М.А., Ступак А.А., Сулейманова Л.А., Логунова М.А. SQCFST_1_1 Свидетельство о регистрации программы для ЭВМ RU 2022683412, 05.12.2022. Заявка № 2022682987 от 28.11.2022.
4. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafieva M.A., Stupak A.A., Suleymanova L.A., Logunova M.A. SQCFST_1_1 Certificate of registration of the computer program RU 2022683412, 12/05/2022. Application No. 2022682987 dated November 28, 2022. (In Russian).
5. Римшин В.И., Кецко Е.С., Трунтов П.С. Большой строительный словарь. Т. 1. А-О. М.: АСВ, 2022. 572 c.
5. Rimshin V.I., Ketsko E.S., Truntov P.S. Bol’shoy stroitel’nyy slovar’. Vol. 1. A-O. [Large construction dictionary. Vol. 1. A-O.] Moscow: ASV. 2022. 572 p.
6. Римшин В.И., Кришан А.Л., Астафьева М.А., Семенова М.Н., Курбатов В.Л. Исследования несущей способности центрально-сжатых сталетрубобетонных колонн // Жилищное строительство. 2022. № 6. С. 33–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-6-33-38
6. Rimshin V.I., Krishan A.L., Astafieva M.A., Semenova M.N., Kurbatov V.L. Studies of the bearing capacity of centrally compressed steel-tube concrete columns. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2022. No. 6, pp. 33–38. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2022-6-33-38
7. Кришан А.Л., Римшин В.И., Астафьева М.А., Сагадатов А.И., Семенова М.Н., Ступак А.А. Прочность и деформативность сжатых трубобетонных элементов квадратного сечения // БСТ: Бюллетень строительной техники. 2022. № 6 (1054). С. 16–18.
7. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafieva M.A., Sagadatov A.I., Semenova M.N., Stupak A.A. Strength and deformability of compressed tube-concrete elements of square section. BST. 2022. No. 6 (1054), pp. 16–18. (In Russian).
8. Римшин В.И., Якимишин Д.В., Кришан А.Л., Астафьева М.А. Анализ эффективности применения композитных материалов для реконструкции // Университетская наука. 2022. № 2 (14). С. 83–87.
8. Rimshin V.I., Yakimishin D.V., Krishan A.L., Astafieva M.A. Analysis of the effectiveness of using composite materials for reconstruction. Universitetskaya nauka. 2022. No. 2 (14), pp. 83–87. (In Russian).
9. Кришан А.Л., Римшин В.И., Астафьева М.А. Сжатые трубобетонные элементы. Теория и практика. М.: АСВ, 2020. 322 с.
9. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Astafieva M.A. Szhatyye trubobetonnyye elementy. Teoriya i praktika [Compressed pipe concrete elements. Theory and practice]. Moscow: ASV. 2020. 322 p.
10. Римшин В.И., Кецко Е.С., Трунтов П.С. Этапы технического обследования конструкций административного здания // Жилищное строительство. 2020. № 6. С. 22–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-22-28
10. Rimshin V.I., Ketsko E.S., Truntov P.S. Technical inspection stages of administrative building structures. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 6, pp. 22–28. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-6-22-28
11. Krishan A.L., Astafeva M.A., Rimshin V.I., Chernyshova E.P. Interlocking elements application in concrete filled steel tubular columns. Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. Vol. 43: Hydraulic and Civil Engineering Technology. 2023, pp. 34–41. DOI https://doi.org/10.3233/ATDE230699
12. Rimshin V.I., Telichenko V.I., Truntov P.S., Krishan  A.L., Bykov G.S. Assessment of the impact of high temperature on the strength of reinforced concrete structures during operation. Key Engineering Materials. 2021. Vol. 887, pp. 460–465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.887.460
13. Kablov E.N., Erofeev V.T., Zotkina M.M., Dergunova A.V., Moiseev V.V., Rimshin V.I. Plasticized epoxy composites for manufacturing of composite reinforcement. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1687. International Conference on Engineering Systems. 14–16 October 2020, Moscow, Russia. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1687/1/012031
14. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Troshkina E.A. Deformability of volume-compressed concrete core of concrete filled steel tube columns. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 753. Ch. 1. 022053. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022053
15. Merkulov S.I., Rimshin V.I., Shubin I.L., Esipov S.M. Modeling of the stress-strain state of a composite external strengthening of reinforced concrete bending elements. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 753. Ch. 4. 052044. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/753/5/052044
16. Merkulov S., Rimshin V., Akimov E., Kurbatov V., Roschina S. Regulatory support for the use of composite rod reinforcement in concrete structures. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 896. International Conference on Materials Physics, Building Structures and Technologies in Construction, Industrial and Production Engineering (MPCPE 2020). 27–28 April 2020. Vladimir, Russian Federation. 012022 DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/896/1/012022
17. Varlamov A., Kostyuchenko Y., Rimshin V., Kurbatov V. Diagrams of concrete behavior over time. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 896 (1). 012085. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/896/1/012085
18. Krishan A., Troshkina E., Rimshin V. Experimental research of the strength of compressed concrete filled steel tube elements. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020. Vol. 1116, pp. 560–566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37919-3_56
19. Krishan A.L., Rimshin V.I., Troshkina E.A. Compressed and bending concrete elements with confinement reinforcement meshes. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 753. Ch. 1. 022052. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/753/2/022052

A multi-criteria analysis of experimental studies of coating application methods on various materials is presented, prospects for their usage in creation of protective coatings on the surface of concrete products are described. The collected material is summarized and structured according to the methods and initial parameters of application, the equipment used and the properties of the obtained coatings. The evaluation of publication activity on the Russian scientific electronic library (eLibrary) and the full-text database (ScienceDirect), which is the Elsevier information platform, was carried out. A statistical analysis of theses research in the field of obtaining gas-thermal coatings on building materials has been carried out. It is shown that there are significant prospects for using the method of gas-thermal detonation spraying to create multifunctional protective coatings on the surface of concrete products operating under extreme conditions, which was previously used only to obtain coatings on the surface of products made of carbon composite materials, ceramics, metals, alloys, etc. This method allows spraying metal and mineral powders onto the surface of materials to form dense coatings with high adhesive characteristics.

D.O. BONDARENKO, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ),
D.S. PODGORNYI, Мaster degree student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ),
V.V. STROKOVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)

1. Лавро В.Н. Исследование и разработка технологии нанесения износостойких ионно-плазменных покрытий на режущий инструмент из быстрорежущей стали // Современные материалы, техника и технологии. 2017. № 6 (14). С. 36–41.
1. Lavro V.N. The research and development of application technology of wear-resistant ion-plasma coatings for cutting tools of high speed steel. Sovremennyye materialy, tekhnika i tekhnologii. 2017. No. 6 (14), pp. 36–41. (In Russian).
2. Ненашев М.В., Ибатуллин И.Д., Журавлев А.Н., Ганигин С.Ю., Усачев В.В., Карякин Д.Ю., Дьяконов А.С., Паклев В.Р., Рахимова А.В. Применение детонационных покрытий в технологии машиностроения // Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук. 2011. Т. 13. № 4–3. С. 830–834.
2. Nenashev M.V., Ibatullin I.D., Zhuravlev A.N., Ganigin S.Yu., Usachyov V.V., Karjakin D.J., Djakonov A.S., Paklev V.R., Rahimova A.V. Application of detonation coverings in technology of mechanical engineering. Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2011. Vol. 13. No. 4–3, pp. 830–834. (In Russian).
3. Витковская А.А. Современное оборудование для плазменного напыления, применяемое на машиностроительных предприятиях // Евразийский научный журнал. 2019. № 8. С. 11–13.
3. Vitkovskaya A.A. Modern equipment for plasma sputter applicable at machine-building enterprises. Еvraziyskiy nauchnyy zhurnal. 2019. No. 8, pp. 11–13. (In Russian).
4. Жидик Ю.С., Троян П.Е. Технология формирования покрытий на светодиодных гетероструктурах методом магнетронного распыления на примере нанесения пленок ITO // Доклады Томского государственного университета систем управления и радиоэлектроники. 2014. № 4 (34). С. 52–55.
4. Zhidik Y.S., Troyan P.E. Formation technology of LED heterostructure coating by magnetron sputtering on the example of ITO film application. Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics. 2014. No. 4 (34), pp. 52–55. (In Russian).
5. Брусенцов Ю.А., Филатов И.С., Проценко И.Г. Получение микро- и наноразмерных пленок металлов и сплавов для оптоэлектронных устройств // Вестник Тамбовского университета. Сер.: Естественные и технические науки. 2010. Т. 15. № 1. С. 233–234.
5. Brusentsov Yu.A., Filatov I.S., Procenko I.G. Reception of micro and nano-sized foils of metals and alloys for optic-electronic devices. Vestnik of the Tambov University. Series Natural and Technical Sciences. 2010. Vol. 15. No. 1, pp. 233–234. (In Russian).
6. Лясников В.Н., Гавкина М.С., Протасова Н.В. Электроплазменное напыление функциональных наноструктурированных покрытий в электронике и медицине // Вестник Саратовского государственного технического университета. 2014. Т. 4. № 1 (77). С. 92–96.
6. Lyasnikov V.N., Gavkina M.S., Protasova N.V. Elecrolytic plasma spraying technology for nanostructured coating deposition applied in electronics and medicine. Vestnik of the Saratov State Technical University. 2014. Vol. 4. No. 1 (77), pp. 92–96. (In Russian).
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60. Kamal S., Jayaganthan R., Prakash S., Kumar S. Hot corrosion behavior of detonation gun sprayed Cr₃C₂–NiCr coatings on Ni and Fe-based superalloys in Na₂SO₄-60% V₂O₅ environment at 900^оC. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2008. Vol. 463. Iss. 1–2, pp. 358–372. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.09.019
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65. Kantay N., Rakhadilov B., Kurbanbekov S., Yeskermessov D., Yerbolatova G., Apsezhanova A. Influence of detonation-spraying parameters on the phase composition and tribological properties of Al₂O₃ coatings. Coatings. 2021. Vol. 11. Iss. 7. 793. DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070793
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69. Du H., Hua W., Liu J., Gong J., Sun C., Wen L. Influence of process variables on the qualities of detonation gun sprayed WC-Co coatings. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2005. Vol. 408. Iss. 1–2, pp. 202–210. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.008
70. Kuchumova I.D., Batraev I.S., Ulianitsky V.Y., Shtertser A.A., Gerasimov K.B., Ukhina A.V., Bulina N.V., Bataev I.A., Koga G.Y., Guo Y., Botta W.J., Kato H., Wada T., Bokhonov B.B., Dudina D.V., Jorge A.M. Formation of metallic glass coatings by detonation spraying of a Fe₆₆Cr₁₀Nb₅B₁₉ powder. Metals. 2019. Vol. 9. Iss. 8. 846. DOI: 10.3390/met9080846
71. Liao W.B., Wu Z.X., Lu W., He M., Wang T., Guo Z., Huang J. Microstructures and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy coatings by detonation spraying. Intermetallics. 2021. Vol. 132. 107138. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2021.107138
72. Senderowski C., Bojar Z. Gas detonation spray forming of Fe-Al coatings in the presence of interlayer. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2008. Vol. 202. Iss. 15, pp. 3538–3548. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.12.029
73. Kuchumova I.D., Batraev I.S., Cherkasova N.Y., Rybin D.K., Ukhina A.V., Botta W.J., Koga G.Y., Jorge A.M. The influence of the O₂/C₂H₂ ratio on the structure and properties of Fe₆₆Cr₁₀Nb₅B₁₉ detonation coatings. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2019. Vol. 25, pp. 384–386. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.098
74. Sundararajan G., Sen D., Sivakumar G. The tribological behaviour of detonation sprayed coatings: The importance of coating process parameters. Wear. 2005. Vol. 258. Iss. 1–4, pp. 377–391. DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2004.03.022
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78. Kovaleva M., Prozorova M., Arseenko M., Tyurin Y., Kolisnichenko O., Yapryntsev M., Novikov V., Vagina O., Sirota V. Zircon-based ceramic coatings formed by a new multi-chamber gas-dynamic accelerator. Coatings. 2017. Vol. 7. Iss. 9. 142. DOI: 10.3390/coatings7090142
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84. Patent RF 2506341. Sposob gazodinamicheskogo detonatsionnogo uskoreniya poroshkov i ustroystvo dlya yego osushchestvleniya [Method of gas-dynamic detonation acceleration of powders and a device for its implementation]. Vasilik N.Ya., Tyurin Yu.N., Kolisnichenko O.V. Declared 11.07.2012. Published 10.02.2014. (In Russian).

The paper presents a study on the physical and technical characteristics of fluoroanhydrite compositions modified with a mineral additive based on aerated concrete production waste. Testing of samples showed that the introduction of 4% aerated concrete leads to an increase in the compressive strength of the samples by 57%, while the softening coefficient increases to 1.12. Modern methods of physical and chemical analysis have proven that the improvement in performance is associated with the formation of amorphous hydration products based on calcium silicate hydrates. Studies using scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive analysis confirmed the compaction of the structure by amorphous new formations. IR spectral and differential thermal analysis were used to study the mineralogy of hydration products, which contributed to an increase in the density, strength and water resistance of the fluoroanhydrite composition modified with finely ground waste from the production of autoclaved aerated concrete.

A.N. ZHUKOV¹, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.S. ZHUKOVA¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
A.A. SHTIN¹, Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.I. YAKOVLEV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
Z.S. SAIDOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.F. BURYANOV², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
M.R. BEKMANSUROV¹, Graduate student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation)
² National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Chernysheva N.V. The use of technogenic raw materials to increase the water resistance of composite gypsum binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 7, pp. 53–56. (In Russian).
2. Baruzdin A.A., Zakrevskaya L.V., Nikolaeva K.A. Composite material based on technogenic waste. Ekspert: teoriya i praktika. 2023. No. 2 (21), pp. 17–23. (In Russian)
3. Kalabina D.A., Alexandrov A.M., Yakovlev G.I. Fluoroanhydrite-gypsum compositions for the manufacture of decorative architectural details and sculptural products. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 11, pp. 52–56. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-797-11-52-56. EDN KUKOBE
4. Dimukhametova A.F., Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Buryanov A.F., Gordina A.F., Saidova Z.S. Modifica-tion of fluorohydrite binders with ultrafine diabase powder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 1–2, pp. 57–64. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-799-1-2-57-64
5. Kalabina D., Yakovlev G.I., Saidova Z. et al. Effect of carbon-containing additives on the properties of fluoroanhydrite compositions used for flooring. Key Engineering Materials. 2022. Vol. 932 (11), pp. 219–224. DOI: 10.4028/p-1q9dt3
6. Kalabina D.A., Yakovlev G.I., Vasilchenko Yu.M., Kuzmina N.V., Gordina A.F. Modification of fluoroan-
hydrite composition for flooring with carbon-containing additives. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 8, pp. 27–31. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-794-8-27-31
7. Karmanova P.N., Leontyev S.V. Prospects for the use of acid fluoride in the production of construction materials and products. Sovremennyye tekhnologii v stroitel’stve. Teoriya i praktika. 2022. T. 1, pp. 57–61. (In Russian)
8. Tsygankova T.S. Development of ways to reduce the impact of hydrogen fluoride production waste on the environment. Cand. Diss. (Engineering). Perm. 2009. 131 p. (In Russian).
9. Baymenova G.R., Kulshikova S.T. Low-energy-intensive wall materials based on composite binders. Nauka i tekhnika Kazakhstana. 2023. No. 2, pp. 147–154. (In Russian).
10. Anikanova L.A., Volkova О.V., Kudyakov A.I., Kurmangalieva A.I. Mechanically activated composite fluoroanhydrite binder. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 1–2, pp. 36–42. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-767-1-2-36-42
11. Anikanova L.A., Kurmangalieva A.I., Volkova O.V., Fedorchuk Yu.M. Gas-gypsum materials with recycled waste. Vestnik of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2018. No. 6, pp. 126–137. (In Russian).
12. Yakovlev G.I., Polyanskikh I.S., Kislyakov M.A., Gyrdymov D.A. Structural and thermal insulation material based on fluoroanhydrite. Fotin Readings – 2021 (spring meeting): Materials of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Izhevsk. 25–27 March 2021, pp. 193–198. (In Russian).
13. Gordina A.F., Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N., Gumeniuk A.N., Ukraintseva V.M., Buryanov A.F. Non-autoclaved aerated concrete based on sulfate-containing technogenic waste. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 10, pp. 42–46. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-818-10-42-46
14. Kalabina D.A., Yakovlev G.I. Porous compositions based on fluoroanhydrite binder. Current issues in construction materials science: Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference. Ulan-Ude. 21–24 July 2021, pp. 94–98. DOI: 10.18101/978-5-9793-1632-1-94-98. (In Russian).
15. Patent No. 2723788 C1 Russian Federation, IPC C04B 11/06, C04B 28/14, C04B 111/20. High-strength acid fluoride binder, method of producing high-strength acid fluoride binder and compositions based on it (variants): No. 2019109289. Grakhov V.P., Pervushin G.N., Kalabina D.A., et al. Applicant Federal State Budge-tary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University”. Appl. 29.03.2019. Publ. 06.17.2020. (In Russian).

The article presents the results of a research frost resistance of silicate bricks one of the Russian factories produced in different periods. The change in appearance, weight and strength of silicate bricks during alternate freezing-thawing was evaluated. It has been established that silicate bricks, can meet high frost resistance grades F150-200, in terms of appearance, while the reduction in compressive strength does not exceed 9%. Some increase in brick strength at the initial stage of testing was noted, which is probably explained by the processes of carbonization of free calcium hydroxide and high-basic calcium hydrosilicates, accompanied by their recrystallization into low-basic ones, which is confirmed by the results of differential-thermal and X-ray phase analysis. It is concluded that the frost resistance of silicate bricks is decisively influenced by the mineralogical composition of the cementitious bond. High strength and frost resistance of silicate concrete is provided by the simultaneous presence of low-basic calcium hydrosilicates and α-C₂S hydrate in the composition of the new formations. The condition for the formation of such composition of neoplasms is excessive content of lime in the composition of the raw material mixture.

Yu.F. PANCHENKO, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.А. PANCHENKO, Senior Lecturer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.S. ORLOV, Head of the laboratory (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
P.V. FILIPENKO, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.A. SOLONINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Assistant Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Industrial University of Tyumen (2, Lunacharskogo Street, 625001, Tyumen, Russian Federation)

1. Babkov V.V., Samofeyev N.S., Chuykin A.Ye. A silicate brick in external walls constructions of apartment houses: condition analysis, durability forecast and methods of its increasing. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2011. No. 8 (26), pp. 35–40. (In Russian).
2. Garbalińska H., Strzałkowski J., Stolarska A. Moisture influence on compressive strength of calcium silicate masonry units–experimental assessment and normative calculations. Materials (Basel). 2020. Vol. 13. No. 17. 3817. doi: 10.3390/ma13173817
3. Khavkin L.M. Tekhnologiya silikatnogo kirpicha [Sand-lime brick technology]. Reprint reproduction of the 1982 edition. Moscow: Ekolit. 2011. 384 p.
4. Khint Y.A. Osnovy proizvodstva silikatnykh izdeliy [Basics of the production of silicate products]. Moscow-Leningrad: State Publishing House of Literature on Construction, Architecture and Building Materials. 1962. 642 p.
5. Volodchenko A.N. Increase of frost resistance the silicate materials based on non-traditional raw mate-rials. Innovatsii v nauke. 2013. No. 24, pp. 24–30. (In Russian).
6. Goncharova M.A., Ivashkin A.N., Simbaev V.V. Development of optimal compositions of silicate concrete using local raw materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 9, pp. 6–8. (In Russian).
7. Alfimova N.I., Shapovalov N.N., Abrosimova O.S. Performance characteristics of sand-lime bricks made using technogenic aluminosilicate raw materials. Vestnik of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2013. No. 3, pp. 11–14. (In Russian).
8. Kuznetsova G.V. A method for pressing sand-lime brick and a method for determining its raw strength. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 12, pp. 50–53. (In Russian).
9. Kuznetsova G.V., Shinkarev A.A., Morozova N.N., Gazimov A.Z. Additives for direct technology of silicate brick production. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 9, pp. 12–16. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-763-9-12-16
10. Leontyev S.V., Shamanov V.A., Kurzanov A.D. Peculiarities of structure formation of sand-lime brick obtained using solid waste produced by Berezniki Soda Plant JSC. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii. 2019. Vol. 23. No. 11, pp. 60–65. (In Russian).
11. Panchenko Yu.F., Panchenko D.A., Nizovskikh A.P., Khafizova E.N. Effect of long-term storage of silicate brick in water on its strength. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 11, pp. 24–29. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-786-11-24-29
12. Lyubomirskiy N.V., Fedorkin S.I., Bakhtin A.S., Bakhtina T.A., Nikolayenko Ye.Yu., Nikolayenko V.V. Structural and heat-insulating building materials of forced carbonate hardening from recycled materials: monograph. Simferopol’: IT «Arial». 2021. 408 p.
13. Stepien A., Potrzeszcz-Sut B., Prentice D.P., Oey T.J., Balonis M. The role of glass compounds in autoclaved bricks. Buildings. 2020. No. 10 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030041
14. Da Silva R.B., Matoski A., Junior A.N., Kostrzewa-Demczuk P. Study of compressive strength of sand-lime bricks produced with coal tailings using mixture design. Construction and Building Materials. 2022. Vol. 344. 127986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127986
15. Nelubova V.V., Strokova V.V., Popov A.L. Silicate brick using mineral modifiers of various composition. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 1–2, pp. 115–120. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-788-1-2-115-120

The relevance of economy – rational use of material around the world has been gaining momentum in recent years, so-called man-made materials are increasingly being used. The screening used in this work refers to such materials. The essence of the study was to find out the suitability of screening as a filler for concrete. As part of the study, grain compositions of crushing screening from gravel-boulder rock, river sand and mineral (limestone) filler were determined. The ratio of screaming (Sc):sand (S),filler (F) in the mixture is determined taking into account the “ideal” Fuller granulometric curve. The optimal ratio Sc:S:F has a deviation from the ideal curve of 5.88%. Samples were made and tested for strength from washed screening, unwashed screening, from a mixture with an optimal ratio Sc:S:F. Upon completion of the work, it was found out how the screening in concrete can be used.

A.S. DZHABAROV, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
V.V. BELOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Tver State Technical University (22, Embankment Af. Nikitina, Tver, 170026, Russian Federation)

1. Tolstoi A.D. Fine-grained high-strength concrete. Stroitel’nye materialy i izdeliya. 2020. No. 1. Vol. 3, pp. 39–43. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42657335 (Date of access 05.04.2023.). (In Russian).
2. Makeev A.I., Chernyshov E.M. Granite crushing screenings as a component factor in the formation of the concrete structure. Part I. Problem statement. Identification of dropouts. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No 4, pp. 56–60. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-758-4-56-60
3. Fedyuk R.S. Increasing the impermeability of fiber-reinforced concrete on a composite binder. Vestnik TGASU. 2016. No. 2, pp. 154–163. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25689226 (Date of access 05.04.2023.). (In Russian).
4. Konovalova N.A., Pankov P.P., Bespolitov D.V. Minimization of the impact of crushed stone production waste on the environment by involving them in road construction materials. Vestnik of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN). Ecology and life safety. 2021. No. 1. Vol. 29, pp. 82–91. (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2021-29-1-82-91
5. Makaeva A.A., Kravtsov A.I., Tikhonova T.V., Taranovskaya E.A. Optimization of concrete mix compositions based on non-metallic materials production waste. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo. 2017. No. 11, pp. 45–49. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30605327 (Date of access 05.04.2023.). (In Russian).
6. Kara K.A. Study of the grinding capacity of quartz-containing additives as a component of composite binders. Vestnik BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2016. No. 5, pp. 45–52. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25836805 (Date of access 05.04.2023.). (In Russian).
7. Pukharenko Yu.V., Kharitonova T.V. Evaluation of the use of carbonate fillers in dry mixes for restoration. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov. 2018. No. 4 (69), pp. 121–125. (In Russian). DOI: 10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-4-121-125.
8. Barbo A.S., Vrzheshch D.V., Pavlenko A.A., Reshetnikov A.S., Stukalov A.A., Borodai D.I. Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of limestone crushing screening for use in road construction. of the Donbass National Academy of Construction and Architecture. Modern building materials. 2018. No. 1 (129), pp. 101–107. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35682014 (Date of access 05.04.2023). (In Russian).
9. Zaichenko N.M., Lakhtarina S.V., Gavril’chen-ko N.V., Isaeva Ya.S. Optimization of the composition of fine-grained concrete with the use of waste from the Donbass industry. of the Donbass National Academy of Construction and Architecture. Modern building materials. 2020. No. 1 (141), pp. 46–52. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43152542 (Date of access 05.04.2023). (In Russian).
10. Khafizova E.N., Panchenko Yu.F., Panchenko D.A. Application of technological waste from rock crushing in the development of cement concrete compositions. Vestnik SibADI. 2021. No. 6. Vol. 18 (82), pp. 790–799. (In Russian). DOI: http://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-6-790-799.
11. Vainshtein V.M., Miroshin A.N., Nekhoroshkov P.A., Vainshtein E.V. Features of self-cementation of crushing screenings of low-strength limestones due to additional calcium carbonate molecules as a result of carbonization of a mixture of crushing screenings reinforced with cement. Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology. Series «Materials. Constructions. Technologies. 2018. No. 3 (7), pp. 7–16. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37118192 (Date of access 05.04.2023.). (In Russian).
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