When GOST 17608 and GOST 6665 were republished, the authors prohibited the use of slag fillers, so manufacturers of products produced according to these standards have a problem: the use of only natural inert materials will lead to an increase in the cost of the final product. At the same time, however, this should lead to an improvement in the quality of manufactured products. But is it so? This article presents a comparative analysis of standards for fillers of natural origin and from metallurgical production waste in order to identify the reasons that do not allow the use of slag aggregates in concrete products for road construction. It was determined that most of the requirements for aggregates of both natural and man-made origin are the same, i.e. if the manufacturers observe and fulfill the requirements of the standards for slag aggregates, there should be no risk of reducing the quality of the final product. Then why the developers of GOST 17608 and GOST 6665, excluding from the list of aggregates for concrete materials according to GOST 3344–83 do not give an alternative in the form of aggregates according to GOST 5578–2019? The authors of the article have tried to reveal the answer to this question.

N.A. KOLOMOITSEV¹, Technical Expert (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
A.A. MAKAEVA², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ AKKERMANN CEMENT LLC (5, Zapad Street, Orenburg, Orenburg region, 462360, Russia Federation)
² Orenburg State University (13, Pobedy Avenue, Orenburg, 460018, Russia Federation)

1. Khokhryakov A.V., Tseytlin E.M. Waste generation of metallurgical enterprises of the Urals and their impact on the environment. Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2012. Vol. 14. No. 1–3, pp. 834–837. (In Russian).
2. Khokhryakov A.V., Fadeichev A.F., Zeitlin E.M. Dynamics of changes in the impact of the leading mining enterprises of the Urals on the environment. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Mining Journal. 2011. No. 8, pp. 44–53. (In Russian).
3. Antoninova N.Yu., Shubina L.A. Ecological rehabilitation of ecosystems in the areas of functioning of mining and metallurgical complexes. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Mining Journal. 2013. No. 8, pp. 64–68. (In Russian).
4. Sayadi1 M.H., Rezaei A., Sayyed M.R.G. Grain size fraction of heavy metals in soil and their relationship with land use. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2017. Vol. 7 (1), pp. 1–11.
5. Panfilov M.I., Shkol’nik Ya.Sh., Orinskij N.V., Kolomiec V.A., Sorokin YU.V., Grabeklis A.A. Pererabotka shlakov i bezotkhodnaya tekhnologiya v metallurgii [Slag processing and waste-free technology in metallurgy]. Moscow: Metallurgiya. 1987. 238 p.
6. Smirnova O.M., Kazanskaya L.F. Concrete based on industrial by-products: environmental impact assessment. Transportnyye sooruzheniya. 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15862/05SATS222
7. Svirenko L., Vergeles J., Spirin O. Environmental effects of ferrous slags – comparative analyses and a systems approach in slag impact assessment for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Approach. Handl. Environ. Probl. Min. Metall. (2003). DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1082-5_22
8. Agamov R.E., Goncharova M.A., Mraev A.V. Steelmaking slags as an effective raw material in road construction. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 1–2, pp. 56–60. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-810-1-2-56-60
9. Babkov V.V., Nedoseko I.V., Glazachev A.O., Sinitsin D.A., Parfenova A.A., Kayumova E.I. Composite materials for road construction based on waste from the chemical and metallurgical industries. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 1–2, pp. 88–94. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-810-1-2-88-94
10. Fomina E.V., Vojtovich E.V., Fomin A.E., Lebedev M.S., Kozhukhova N.I. Assessment of the radiation quality of OEMK slag for its use in building composites. Vestnik of the BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2015. No. 6. (In Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-radiatsionnogo-kachestva-shlaka-oemk-dlya-primeneniya-ego-v-stroitelnyh-kompozitah (Date of access 14.09.2023).
11. Pugin K.G., Vajsman Ya.I., Volkov G.N., Mal’cev A.V. Assessment of the negative environmental impact of building materials containing ferrous metallurgy waste. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2012. No. 2. (In Russian). URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=5990 (Date of access 14.09.2023).

This article discusses issues related to the development of technological solutions designed to obtain protective paint and varnish coatings with high operational resistance for building metal structures. The developed technological map and scheme for creating nanostructured paint and varnish coatings on the surfaces of building metal structures are presented. These proposals complement the comprehensive approach to the development of protective paint and varnish coatings, consisting of methodological, technological and formulation solutions, and presented in other studies by the authors, which allows for its effective use in paint and varnish industry enterprises. The research results, based on the application of the developed solutions in laboratory and operational conditions, confirm the high efficiency of the developed integrated approach. Assessment of the quality of coatings in laboratory conditions showed that coating samples after 100 hours of thermal exposure retain high properties that meet the operating conditions of building metal structures. As part of production testing, it was established that the service life of nanostructured coatings increases by 1.5–2.6 times compared to traditional coatings. In this regard, the costs of repair and restoration of coatings are reduced, and their service life between repairs is increased. The introduction of the developed solutions into production will solve the problem of low operational durability of protective paint and varnish coatings of steel building metal structures operated under various influences.

A.P. PICHUGIN^1,2, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor;
V.F. KHRITANKOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor;
A.V. PCHELNIKOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (113 Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)
² Novosibirsk State Agricultural University (160, Dobroliubova Street, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation)

1. Eremin K.I. Osobennosti ehkspluatacii metallicheskikh konstrukciy promyshlennykh zdaniy [Peculiarities of operation of metal structures of industrial buildings]. Moscow: MISS-MGSU, 2012. 248 p.
2. Pchelnikov A.V. The concept of improving thequality of protective coatings of metal structuresof the agro-industrial complex. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2022. No. 11 (767), pp. 38–52. (In Russian).
3. Pichugin A.P., Banul V.V., Pchelnikov A.V. Ehffektivnaya polimernaya zashchita metallicheskikh obektov agropromyshlennogo kompleksa [Effective polymer protection of metal objects in the agro-industrial complex]. Novosibirsk: Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. 2022. 125 p.
4. Pichugin A.P., Pchelnikov A.V., Khritankov V.F., Tulyaganov A.K. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of nano-additives in protective coatings. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 3, pp. 20–26. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-811-3-20-26
5. Khozin V.G., Abdrakhmanova L.A., Nizamov R.K. General concentration pattern of effects of nanomodification of building materials. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 2, pp. 25–33. (In Russian).
6. Nelubova V.V., Kuzmin E.O., Strokova V.V.Structure and properties of nanodispersed silica synthesized by the sol-gel method. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2022. No. 12, pp. 38–44. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2022-809-12-38-44
7. Shashok Zh.S., Prokopchuk N.R. Primenenie uglerodnykh nanomaterialov v polimernykh kompoziciyakh [Application of carbon nanomaterials in polymer compositions]. Minsk: BSTU. 2014. 232 p.
8. Strokova V.V., Nelubova V.V., Kuzmin E.O.,Ryltsova I.G., Gubareva E.N., Baskakov P.S. Technologies of sol-gel synthesis of nanosilicaas a modifier of cement-based materials. Foresight analysis. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 3, pp. 43–72. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-811-3-43-72
9. Loganina V.I., Frolov M.V., Mazhitov E.B. Influence of protective and decorative coatings based on sol-silicate paints on the moisture regime of external walls of buildings. Construction and Geotechnics. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 4, pp. 103–114. (In Russian). DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2021.4.08
10. Loganina V.I., Sergeeva K.A. Evaluation of superhydrophobic properties of coatings based on acrylic resin. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 1, pp. 98–103. (In Russian).
11. Mokrova M.V., Matveeva L.Yu., Letenko D.G., Strogonov Yu.A. Nanomodified thermal insulating gas gypsum: composition, properties, structure. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2022. No. 3, pp. 25–32. (In Russian).
12. Matveeva L.Yu., Mokrova M.V., Letenko D.G. Structure and properties of nanomodified high-strength gypsum for architectural products and stucco. Izvestiya of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2022. No. 2, pp. 42–50. (In Russian).
13. Kuznetsova T.S., Pasko T.V., Burakov A.E. Study of the influence of pH on the sorption properties of nanostructured graphene-containing composite materials modified with polyaniline in the processes of extracting pollutants of various chemical natures. Perspectivnye materialy. 2023. No. 1, pp. 28–36. (In Russian).DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2023-1-28-36
14. Selyaev V.P., Nizina T.A., Nizin D.R., Kanaeva N.S. Accumulation kinetics in the structure of polymeric materials during natural climatic aging. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2022. No. 1, pp. 99–108. DOI: 10.22337/2587-9618-2022-18-1-99-108
15. Loganina V.I., Mazhitov E.B. Assessment of the durability of coatings based on sol-silicate paint. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2020. No. 2, pp. 33–40. (In Russian).

The article considers the effect of a complex modifier consisting of a superplasticizer and cement crystallohydrates on the properties of cement dough, a highly mobile concrete mixture and heavy concrete obtained by hardening the mixture under normal conditions over a different period of time. As an additive of the superplasticizer, Relamix-PK was studied, administered in an amount of 0.6–0.8 wt. % of cement consumption. The authors investigated finely dispersed hydrated cement as additional crystallization centers. With the introduction of this complex modifier, the delamination of a highly mobile concrete mixture decreases (water separation – by 2 times, water separation – by 3.8 times). There is a significant acceleration of hardening in the initial periods of concrete hardening. Thus, in relation to the additive–free composition, the strength of concrete, which hardened for 1 day under normal conditions, increased 3.5 times, 3 days – 2.5 times, 28 days – 2 times. At the same time, it should be noted that when cement crystallohydrates are added, the hardening process is accelerated more in the initial terms of strength gain. The greatest strengthening effect was obtained by adding a complex modifier consisting of 0.8% plasticizer and 2% hydrated cement.

L.V. IL'INA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Advisor to the RAASN (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
G.I. BERDOV, of Sciences (Engineering), Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
N.S. VISHNYAKOV, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
D.A. TSEKAR, Graduate Student (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)

1. Rubin O.D., Ilyin Yu.A., Shevkin A.L., Evdokimova I.V. Creation of cast concrete mixtures using domestically produced additives. Gidrotekhnicheskoye stroitel’stvo. 2024. No. 1, pp. 12–17. (In Russian).
2. Saidumov M.S., Murtazaeva T.S.A., Khubaev M.S.M., Murtazaeva R.S.A. Mineral fillers of technogenic origin for obtaining highly fluid concrete mixtures. In the collection: MILLIONSHIP-2019. Materials of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, Postgraduate Students and Young Scientists, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of GGNTU. 2019, pp. 291–298. (In Russian).
3. Kastornykh L.I., Kaklyugin A.V., Gikalo M.A., Trishchenko I.V. Features of the composition of concrete mixes for concrete pumping technology. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 3, pp. 4–11. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-779-3-4-11
4. Yamada K., Kim C.B., Ichitsubo K., Ichikawa M. Combined effect of cement characteristics on the perfofmance of superplasticizers. An investigation in real cement plants. Proceedings of 8-th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete. Sorrento, Italy. 2006. Vol. 1, pp. 159–174.
5. Kastornykh L.I., Rautkin A.V., Raev A.S. The influence of water-retaining additives on some properties of self-compacting concrete. Part I. Rheological characteristics of cement compositions Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 7, pp. 34–38. (In Russian).
6. Kastornykh L.I., Detochenko I.A., Arinina E.S. The influence of water-retaining additives on some properties of self-compacting concrete. Part 2. Rheological characteristics of concrete mixtures and strength of self-compacting concrete Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 11, pp. 22–27. (In Russian).
7. Khalikov R.M., Ivanova O.V., Korotkova L.N., Sinitsin D.A. Supramolecular mechanism of the influence of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on the controlled hardening of construction nanocomposites. Nanotekhnologii v stroitel’stve: scientific online journal. 2020. Vol. 12. No. 5, pp. 250–255. (In Russian).
8. Lotov V.A., Sarkisov Yu.S., Gorlenko N.P., Zubkova O.A. Thermokinetic studies in the «cement-microsilica-superplasticizer-water» system. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya silikatov. 2021. Vol. 28. No, 2, pp. 42–49. (In Russian).
9. Murtazaev S.A.Yu. Comparative analysis of superplasticizers for monolithic concrete mixtures. High technology and innovation: electronic collection of reports of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 65th anniversary of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. Belgorod. 2019. Vol. 1, pp. 313–319. (In Russian). DOI: 10.12737/conferencearticle_5cecedc3920f65.65892749
10. Nizina T.A., Balykov A.S., Korovkin D.I., Volodin S.V., Volodin V.V. The influence of complex modifiers based on polycarboxylate superplasticizer and mineral additives of various compositions on the technological and physical-mechanical properties of cement systems. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2022. No. 1 (50), pp. 28–36. (In Russian).
11. Korovkin M.O., Korotkova A.A., Eroshkina N.A. Efficiency of a complex mineral additive in fine-grained self-compacting concrete. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo. 2021. No. 3 (48), pp. 114–122. (In Russian).
12. Burenina O.N., Andreeva A.V., Savvinova M.E., Nikolaeva L.A. Study of the influence of finely dispersed additives from local raw materials on the strength properties of sulfur concrete. Materialovedeniye. 2023. No. 11. pp. 34–39. (In Russian).
13. Murtazaev S.A.Yu., Salamanova M.Sh., Alaskhanov A.Kh., Murtazaeva T.S.A. Prospects for the use of cement industry waste for the production of modern concrete composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 5, pp. 55–62. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-791-5-55-62
14. Nelubova V.V., Usikov S.A., Strokova V.V., Netsvet D.D. Composition and properties of self-compacting concrete using a complex of modifiers. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 12, pp. 48–54. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-798-12-48-54
15. Ilina L.V., Samchenko S.V., Rakov M.A., Zorin D.A. Modeling the kinetics of cement composite processes modified with calcium-containing additives. Nanotechnologies in construction. 2023. No. 15 (5), pp. 494–503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2023-15-5-494-503
16. Ilina L.V., Molodin V.V., Gichko N.O., Tulyaganov A.K. Improving the strength characteristics of cement conglomerates with directional additives. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 7, pp. 36–42. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-815-7-36-42
17. Khizhinkova E.Yu., Muzalevskaya N.V., Ovchinnikov S.P. The influence of high-calcium ash from thermal power plants on the properties of highly mobile concrete mixtures. Polzunovskiy vestnik. 2014. No. 1, pp. 214–217. (In Russian).
18. Samchenko S.V. Formirovaniye i genezis struktury tsementnogo kamnya: monografiya [Formation and genesis of the structure of cement stone: monograph]. Moscow: IP Er Media, EBS ASV. 2016. 284 p. URL: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/49874.html
19. Hagverdiyeva T.A., Jafarov R. Impact of fine ground mineral additives on properties of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 3, pp. 73–76. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-768-3-73-76
20. Ilina L.V, Kudyakov A.I., Rakov M.A. Aerated dry mix concrete for remote northern territories. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2022. No. 5 (113), pp. 11310. DOI: 10.34910/MCE.113.10
21. Nguyen D.V.K., Bazhenov Yu.M., Aleksandrova O.V. The influence of quartz powder and mineral additives on the properties of high-strength concrete. Vestnil of the MSUCE. 2019. Vol. 14. No. 1 (124), pp. 102–117. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.25686/2542-114X.2020.3.7

In modern construction concrete recycling is one of the promising directions of utilization of multi-tonnage concrete and reinforced concrete waste. Most often concrete crushing products are reused as coarse and fine aggregate. It is shown in the paper that reuse of the dusty fraction of cement-sand stone as an active colloidal additive obtained by its alkaline mechanical-chemical activation allows to partially replace cement in commercial concrete and hydraulically hardening compositions without loss of their strength. This paper presents the results of the effect of colloidal admixture on technological and physical-mechanical properties of concrete mixture.

P.A. SIMONOV¹, Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
G.I. STOROZHENKO², Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
M.A. RAKOV², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.);
H.B. MANZYRYKCHY³, Junior Researcher (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Novosibirsk State University (2, Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation)
² Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SIBSTRIN) (113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)
³ Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources of Siberian Branch of RAS (117 A, Internacional’naja Street, Kyzyl, 667007, Republic of Tyva, Russian Federation)

1. Chulkov V.О., Nazirov B.E. Recycling of construction and demolition waste during renovation of territories and road surfaces of large cities. Otchody i resursi. 2018. No. 4. (In Russian). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/06NZOR418
2. Efimenko A.Z. Concrete waste is a raw material for the production of efficient building materials.Technologii betonov. 2014. No. 2, pp. 19–23. (In Russian).
3. Beppaev Z.U., Astvatsaturova L.H., Kolodyazhny S.A., Vernigora S.A., Lopatinsky V.V. Prospects for the use of fine-dispersed recycling products of concrete processing as mineral additives for the manufacture of building mortars. Beton i Zhelezobeton. 2023. No. 1 (615), pp. 43–55. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37538/0005-9889-2023-1(615)-43-55
4. Goncharova M.A., Borkov P.V., Al-Surrayvi H.G.H. Recycling of large-capacity concrete and reinforced concrete waste in the context of realization of full life cycle contracts. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 12, pp. 51–57. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-777-12-52-57
5. Remnev V.V. Possibility of using reusable building materials in concretes. Beton i Zhelezobeton. 2022. No. 3 (611), pp. 20–22. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0005-9889-2022-611-3-20-22
6. Krasinikova N.M., Kirillova E.V., Khozin V.G. Reuse of concrete waste as input products for cement concretes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2020. No. 1–2, pp. 56–65. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2020-778-1-2-56-65
7. Pacheco-Torgal F., Labrincha J.A., Leonelli C., Palomo A., Chindaprasirt P. Handbook of Alkali-activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes. Elsevier. 2015. 830 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-16511-7
8. European Standard EN 197-1. Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. ICS 91.100.10. European Committee for standardization. 2000.
9. Patent SU 1100265. Sposob prigotovlenia betonnoy smesi [Method of preparation of concrete mix]. Olgin-skiy A.G. Declared 22.10.1982. Published 30.06.1984. (In Russian).
10. Patent RF 2223241. Sposob poluchenya cementnogo betona [Method for producing cement concrete]. Khvostenkov S.I. Declared 19.11.2002. Published 10.02.2004. (In Russian).
11. Vernigorova V.N. Chimia v stroitelstve [Chemistry in construction]. Penza. PSUAC. 2012. Part 3. 131 p.