The possibility of increasing the quality of composite binders with the addition of magnesia-silicate rocks by means of mechanical activation of raw mixes is considered. It is established that the increase in the time of mechanical activation from one up to twenty minutes leads to the increase in the specific surface of the raw mix that promotes the increase in chemical activity of the surface layer and acceleration of solid-phase reactions with generation of silicates of diopside, monticellite, and mervinite types. The optimal time of mechanical activation (15 minutes), in which the hydrated system has the highest quantity of mixed hydro-silicates of calcium, magnesium and iron that leads to high physical-mechanical properties of binding compositions, has been determined. It is established that after 15 minute grinding of the raw mix the ultimate strength of binding compositions when bending, after 28 days of normal-humidity hardening, is equal to 20.2 MPa, under compression – to 66.7 MPa.

L.I. KHUDYAKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
O.V. VOILOSHNIKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
I.Yu. KOTOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry)

Baikal Institute of Nature Use, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (6, Sakhyanova Street, Republic of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russian Federation)

1. Fedorkin S.I., Makarova E.S. Mechanochemical activation of secondary raw materials – effective direction of improving the properties of building materials based on it. Stroitel'stvo i tekhnogennaya bezopasnost'. 2011. Vol. 36, pp. 67–72. (In Russian).
2. Zhernovsky I.V., Strokova V.V., Bondarenko A.I., Kozhukhova N.I., Sobolev K.G. Structural transformations of silica raw material in the course of mechanical activation. Stroiel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 56–58. (In Russian).
3. Tikhomirova I.N., Makarov A.V. Mechanism of phase formation and hardening of mechanically activated lime-quartz mixes in the course of heat-humidity treatment. Stroiel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 1, pp. 44–49. (In Russian).
4. Gurevich B.I., Kalinkin A.M., Kalinkina E.V., Tyukavkina V.V. The influence of mechanical activation of nepheline concentrate on its binding properties in mixed cements. Zhurnal pricladnoi khimii. 2013. Vol. 86. Issue. 7, pp. 1030–1035. (In Russian).
5. Peschanskaya V.V., Makarova A.S., Golub I.V. Effect of mechanical activation on the curing process and the properties of refractory concrete. Tekhnologicheskii audit i rezervy proizvodstva. 2013. No. 1/2 (9), pp. 29–33. (In Russian).
6. Kosach A.F., Rashchupkina M.A., Gutareva N.A., Obadyanov A.V. The influence of the specific surface area of the particles of river sand on the physico-mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete. Vestnik Yugorskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2012. Vol. 2 (25), pp. 34–36. (In Russian).
7. Khudyakova L.I., Voiloshnikov O.V., Kotova I.Y. Mine waste as raw material for building materials. Vestnik DVO RAN. 2010. No. 1, pp. 81–84. (In Russian).
8. Khudyakova L.I., Timofeeva S.S. Development of technology for utilization of the host rocks of alkaline-ultramafic formations by the example of dunite Yoko-Dovyren array. Vestnik IrGTU. 2012. No. 4 (63), pp. 74–77. (In Russian).
9. Gerasimova L.G., Maslova M.V., Shchukina E.S. The role of mechanical activation in the preparation of mineral pigment-filler titanite. Zhurnal pricladnoi khimii. 2010. Vol. 83. No. 12, pp. 1953–1959. (In Russian).
10. Kozlova V.K., Ilievsky Yu.A., Karpova Yu.V. Produkty gidratacii kal'cievo-silikatnykh faz cementa i smeshannykh viazhushchikh veshchestv [Hydration products of calcium-silicate phases of cement and mixed binders]. Barnaul: AltGTU Publishing. 2005. 183 p.

Properties of the aluminum-silicate binder of dehydration type of hardening with the use of natural perlite have been studied. The interconnection of the influence of dispersion of perlite raw material and the molar ratio of oxides in the alkaline-activated binding system of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the final performance characteristics of obtained alkaline-perlite composites has been established. When the degree of dispersion of perlite particles is low, to ensure higher strength characteristics of the stone the larger quantity of alkaline component is required than for fine perlite. It is revealed that the introduction of excess amount of alkali into the aluminum-silicate system leads to the retardation of structure formation processes in the hardening alkali-perlite matrix and, as a result, to reduced strength characteristics. Phase peculiarities of aluminum-silicate composites on the basis of perlite raw material, which are formed under impacts of various time and temperature parameters, have been studied.

авторы

R.V. CHIZHOV¹, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
N.I. KOZHUKHOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
I.V. ZHERNOVSKY¹, Candidate of Sciences (Geology and Mineralogy)
D.N. KOROTKIH², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
E.V. FOMINA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
M.I. KOZHUKHOVA¹, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukov Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
² Voronezh State University of Architecture and Сivil Engineering (84, 20-letija Oktjabrja Street, Voronezh, 394006, Russian Federation)

Research in the choice of consumption and dispersion of the quartz micro-filler with the purpose to increase the activity of Portland-cement after the low temperature steam treatment is presented. The efficiency of results obtained is the increase in the activity of Portland-cement and, consequently, in the strength of concrete after steam treatment with the isothermal concrete curing temperature of 40°C instead of the applied temperature of 80°C and the Portland-cement saving comparing with nominal compositions.

O.M. SMIRNOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Petersburg State Transport University of Emperor Alexander I (9, Moskovsky Avenue, 190031, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)

1. Serenko A.F., Petrova T.M. Besproparochnaya tekhnologiya proizvodstva podrel’sovykh konstruktsii [Non-steaming technology of sleepers production] M.: Uchebno-metodicheskii tsentr po obrazovaniyu na zheleznodorozhnom transporte. 2012. 136 р. (In Russian).
2. Smirnova O.M. Requirements to granulometric composition of Portland cement for precast reinforced concrete production under low-heat steaming treatment. Tsement i ego primenenie. 2012. No. 2, рр. 205–207. (In Russian).
3. Jiong Hu, Zhi Ge, Kejin Wang. Influence of cement fineness and water-to-cement ratio on mortar early-age heat of hydration and set times. Construction and Building Materials. 2014. V. 50, pp. 657–663.
4. Khuzin A.F., Gabidullin M.G., Rakhimov R.Z., Gabidullina A.N., Stoyanov O.V. Acceleration of cement composites hardening modified with additives and carbon nanotubes. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskii spravochnik. 2013. No. 11, pp. 32–36. (In Russian).
5. Khuzin A.F., Gabidullin M.G., Badertdinov I.R., Rakhimov R.Z., Abramov F.P., Yumakulov R.E., Nizembaev A.Sh., Perepelitsa E.M. Integrated supplements based on carbon nanotubes for high-strength concretes. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. 2013. No. 1, pp. 221–226. (In Russian).
6. Korobkova M.V., Ryabova A.A., Kharitonov A.M. Influence low-hard dispersed additives on impact strength of cement concrete. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki. 2014. No. 8 (76), pp. 154–156. (In Russian).

Knowledge of the stress-strain state distribution in concrete with limestone fines under compression is crucial for the design of certain kinds of reinforced concrete members, such as shells and membranes. The study focuses on strain characteristics of concrete with limestone fines, such as short-term and long-term creep and shrinkage, in elastic and plastic areas of their development, with comparison to ordinary concretes. The article enlightens such stress properties, as crack resistance and cubic strength. The comparison of theoretical figures with test data is drawn on the basis of phenomenological approach to solution of similar tasks.

V.V. BELOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
S.L. SUBBOTIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
P.V. KULYAEV, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Tver State Technical University (22, Afanasiy Nikitin Еmbankment, Tver, 170026, Russian Federation)

1. Tarun R. Naik, FethullahCanpolat, Yoon-moon Chun. Limestone powder use in cement and concrete. Report No. CBU-2003-31 REP-525 // Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics College of Engineering and Applied Science. The University Of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. July. 2003.
2. Khozin V.G., Khokhryakov O.V., Sibgatullin I.R., Gizzatullin A.R., Kharchenko I.Ya. Carbonate cements of low water-need is a green alternative for cement industry of Russia. Stroite’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 76–82. (In Russian).
3. Berdov G.I., Ilyina L.V., Zyryanova V.N., Nikonenko N.I., Mel'nikov A.V. Improving the properties of composite building materials by introduction of mineral micro fillers. Stroiprofi: Stroitel'nye Tehnologiii Betony. 2012. No. 2, pp. 26–30. (In Russian).
4. Plugin A.A., Kostyuk T.A., Saliya M.G. Bondarenko D.A. Application of carbonate additives in cement compositions for waterproofing and restoration of buildings and structures. Collection of scientific papers of the institute of civil engineering and architecture MSUCE. 2012, pp. 224–227. (In Russian).
5. Chaid R., Jauberthie1 R. et Boukhaled A. Effet de l’ajout calcairesur la durabilite des betons. Lebanese Science Journal. 2010. Vol. 11. No. 1.
6. Amlan K Sengupta, Devdas Menon. Prestressed concrete structures. Indian Institute of technology. 2002.
7. Pieter Desnerck, Geert De Schutter, Luc Taerwe. Stress-strain behavior of self-compacting concretes containing limestone fillers. Structural Concrete. 2012. Vol. 13. Issue 2, pp. 95–101.
8. Lesovik V. S., Belentsov Yu.A., Kuprina A.A. The use of provisions of geonik when designing structures for work under dynamic and seismic loads. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedeniy. Stroitel'stvo. 2013. No. 2–3, pp. 121–126. (In Russian).
9. Lesovik V.S. Ageeva M.S., Denisova Yu.V., Ivanov A.V. The use of composite binding for durability of concrete pavers. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnologicheskogo universitete im. V.G. Shuhova. 2011. No.4, pp. 52–54. (In Russian).
10. Lesovik V.S., Chulkova I.L. Upravlenie strukturoobrazovaniem stroitel'nyh kompozitov [Management structure formation building composites]. Omsk. SibADI. 2011. 459 p.
11. Belov, V.V., Smirnov M.A. Theoretical Foundations of optimization techniques size distribution of compositions for the manufacture of nonfired construction conglomerates. Vestnik otdeleniya stroitel'nyh nauk. RAACS. 2011. Vol. 15, pp 175–179. (In Russian).
12. Belov V.V., Smirnov M.A. New guidelines for determining the composition of high-quality concrete. Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta. 2008. Vol. 13, pp. 341–346. (In Russian).
13. G. De Schutter. Effect of limestone filler as mineral addition in self compacting concrete. 36 Conference on Our World in concrete & Structures. Singapore. October 14–16. 2011.

Results of the assessment of frost resistance of self-compacting, colour, ultra-high-strength, powder-activated, carbonate fine concrete of 140–150 MPa strength produced without microsilica are presented. It is significant that the lime disperse filler, fine lime sand, and lime sand-filler, which are contained in the high-strength carbonate concrete, are produced from the waste of limestone crushing and in the course of testing for frost resistance the concrete withstands one thousand cycles of alternating freezing-thawing practically without weight loss and with the decrease in strength by 2%.

V.I. KALASHNIKOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
O.V. SUZDALTSEV, Engineer
M.N. MOROZ, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.V. PAUSK, Engineer

Penza State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (28, G. Titova Street, Penza, 440028, Russian Federation)

1. Daniel Pfeffer Seraphim. The use of glass fiber reinforced concrete in structures with high architectural requirements. SPI. Mezhdunarodnoe betonnoe proizvodstvo. 2012. No. 2, рр. 130–134. (In Russian).
2. Flowers made of concrete. The new museum building in Vorarlberg Bregenz. SPI. Mezhdunarodnoe betonnoe proizvodstvo. 2013. No. 5, рр. 24–26. (In Russian).
3. Kuntcevich O.V. Betony vysokoj morozostojkosti dlja sooruzhenij Krajnego Severa [Concrete structures for high frost resistance of the Far North]. Leningrad: Stroiizdat. 1983. 131 p.
4. Kalashnikov V.I., Suzdaltsev O.V., Dryanin R.A., Sehposyan G.P. The role of dispersed and fine-grained fillers in concrete new generation. Izvestija vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2014. No. 7, рр. 11–21. (In Russian).
5. Kalashnikov V., Kornienko P., Gorshkova L., Gakshteter G., Sarsenbayeva A. Development of compositions of self-compacting fine-grained refractoty concrete. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology. 2014. Vol. 12, pp. 299–309.
6. Moroz M.N., Kalashnikov V.I., Petukhov A.V. Frost resistance hydrophobized concrete. Molodoj uchenyj. 2014. No. 19, pp. 222–225.
7. Khozin V.G., Khokhryakov O.V., Sibgatullin I.R., Gizzatullin A.R., Kharchenko I.J. Carbonate Cements of Low Water-Need is a Green Alternative for Cement Industry of Russia. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 76–83. (In Russian).

The use of the lime-sulfur sealing compound obtained by means of dissolving the sulfur in the lime suspension heated up to 95°C at mechanical blending in the course of heavy concrete manufacturing ensures the improvement of its strength under compression by 30–50%. In doing this, up to 50% of Portland cement in the structure of the binder can be replaced with disperse anthropogenic additives (metallurgical ferriferous slag or ferriferous cinders).

G.I. BERDOV¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
M.A. ELESIN², Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
E.V. UMNOVA², Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

¹ Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (113, Leningradskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation)
² Norilsk Industrial Institute (7, 50 Let Oktyabrya, Norilsk, 663310, Russian Federation)

1. Vovk A.I. Hydration of three-calcic C3A aluminate and the mixes C3A - plaster at presence surfactant: adsorption or superficial phase formation? Kolloidnyi zhurnal. 2000. Vol. 62. No. 1, pp. 31–38. (In Russian).
2. Guvalov A.A. Management of structurization of cement systems with multifunctional super softeners. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya silikatov. 2011. Vol. 18. No. 3, pp. 24–27. (In Russian).
3. Kalashnikov V.I., Moroz M.N., Tarakanov O.V., Kalashnikov D.V., Suzdaltsev O.V. New ideas about action mechanism of superplasticizers grinded jointly with cement or mineral rocks. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 9, pp. 70–75. (In Russian).
4. Bazhenov Yu.M., Dem’yanova V.S., Kalashnikov V.I. Modifitsirovannye vysokokachestvennye betony [The modified high-quality concrete] . Moscow: ASV. 2006. 368 p.
5. Malek K., Coppens M.O. Knudsen self and Fickian diffusion in rough nanoporous media. Journal of Chemical Phуsics. 2003. Vol. 5. Issue 119, pp. 2801–2811.
6. Kalashnikov V.I., Gulyaeva E.V., Valiev D.M. Influence of a look super and hyper softeners on rheological-technology properties of cement and mineral suspensions, powder mixes and strength properties of concrete. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2011. No. 12, pp. 40–45. (In Russian).
7. Klassen V.K., Ermolenko E.P., Novoselov A.G. Interaction in systems a calcium carbonate – alkaline chlorides. Tekhnika i tekhnologiya silikatov. 2009. Vol. 16. No. 4, pp. 7–16. (In Russian).
8. Spitatos N., Раgе М., Mailvanam N. et al. Superplasticizers for concrete: fundamentals, technology and practice. Quebec–Canada. 2006. 322 p.
9. Berdov G. I., Il’ina L. V. Interaction of silicate brick minerals with water solutions of electrolytes. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2012. No. 10, pp. 3–9. (In Russian).
10. Mashkin N.A. Elesin M.A., Nizamutdinov A.R., Botvin’eva I.P. Hydrochemical modifying of concrete mixes dilution in lime and sulfur liquor. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 6, pp. 16–21. (In Russian).

On the basis of the classical and latest theoretical and experimental studies, efficient recommendations on preventing the destruction of building structures due to corrosion are proposed. The mathematical simulation of the corrosion mass-transfer in the course of corrosion of cement concretes of the first type, which occurs in the concrete under the impact of water with low hardness when components of the cement stone are dissolved, washed away, and carried away by the moving aqueous media, has been carried out. The boundary problem of mass conductivity in dimensional and non-dimensional variables is presented. The final solution of the problem using the method of Laplace at low values of Fourier number for mass exchange, as well as its practical application when inspecting the building structures of the water reservoir for fire fighting is presented.

S.V. FEDOSOV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Academician of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.E. RUMYANTSEVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Adviser of RAACS (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
V.A. KHRUNOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
M.E. SHESTERKIN, Engineer (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Ivanovo State Polytechnical University (20, 8 Marta Street, Ivanovo,153037, Russian Federation)

1. Moskvin V.M. Korroziya betona [Corrosion of concrete]. Moscow: Strojizdat. 1952. 342 p.
2. Fedosov S.V., Aloyan R.M., Ibragimov A.M., Gnedina L.Yu., Aksakovskaya L.N. Promerzanie vlazhnyh gruntov, osnovanij i fundamentov [Freezing wet soils, basements and foundations]. Moscow: ASV. 2005. 277 p.
3. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantceva V.E., Fedosova N.L., Smel’cov V.L. Modeling of mass transfer processes in liquid corrosion of the concrete of the first kind. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2005. No. 7, pp. 60–62. (In Russian).
4. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantceva V.E., Hrunov V.A., Aksakovskaya L.N. Modeling of mass transfer in the processes of corrosion of the concrete of the first kind (small values of the number of Fourier). Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007. No. 5, pp. 70–71. (In Russian).
5. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantceva V.E., Hrunov V.A., Kas’yanenko N.S., Smel’cov V.L. Prediction of structural durability with the positions of the calculated and experimental investigations of the processes of corrosion of concrete. Vestnik Volgogradskogo GASU. 2009. No. 14 (33), pp. 117–122. (In Russian).
6. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantceva V.E., Hrunov V.A., Shesterkin M.E. The issues of predicting the durability of building constructions. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstrukciya. 2011. No. 5 (37), pp. 63–69. (In Russian).
7. Fedosov S.V., Rumyantceva V.E., Kas’yanenko N.S., Hrunov V.A. Mass transfer in the system «concrete – aggressive liquid phase», complicated chemical reaction at the interface. Vestnik otdeleniya stroitel’nyh nauk [Bulletin of the Department of construction Sciences]. 2011. No. 15, pp. 216–219. (In Russian).
8. Fedosova N.L., Rumyantceva V.E., Shesterkin M.E., Manohina Yu.V. About some features of the modeling of mass transfer in the processes of corrosion of the first type of concrete in a closed system «container-fluid». Stroitel’stvo i rekonstrukciya. 2013. No. 1 (45), pp. 86–94. (In Russian).
9. Kayumov R.A., Fedosov S.V., Rumyantceva V.E., Hrunov V.A., Manohina Yu.V., Krasil’nikov I.V. Mathematical modeling of corrosion mass transfer in heterogeneous systems «liquid corrosive environment – cement concrete». Special cases and solutions. Izvestiya KGASU. 2013. No. 4 (26), pp. 343–348. (In Russian).

The prospectivity of obtaining low shrinkage foam concrete of 200–400 kg/m³ density from cement mix containing dehydrated sodium citrate and expansive sulfoaluminate modifier ESM has been established. The effect of shrinkage compensation reveals itself due to the synthesis under conditions of the foam-cement structure of low-basic hydrosilicates which are overgrown with jellylike materials generated as a result of interaction of cement components, ESM additive and sodium citrate with the formation of a new block structure which resists to shrinkage effects in the process of transition of the foam-cement frame of foam concrete to the elastic state. Such factors as water migration under the impact of the temperature gradient, which leads to destructive effects, moist shrinkage, swelling of pore walls under steam condensation etc., resist to the progression of formation of hardening foam concrete structure. Defining destructive processes in the production of foam concrete are heat- and mass transfer in humid porous solids and stresses caused by temperature expansion of the material. To obtain the uniform distribution of heat flows in the course of drying of foam concrete massive, it is necessary to achieve the simultaneous heating of its volume. This can be realized with the help of microwave radiation which ensures the uniform drying without shrinkage effects and noticeable cracks.

S.N. LEONOVICH¹, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
D.V. SVIRIDOV², Doctor of Sciences (Chemistry) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
G.L. SHCHUKIN², Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry)
A.L. BELANOVICH², Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry)
S.A. KARPUSHENKOV², Candidate of Sciences (Chemistry)
V.P. SAVENKO², Senior Staff Scientist

¹ Belarusian National Technical University (65, Nezavisimosti Avenue, Minsk, 220013, Belarus)
² Belarusian State University (4, Nezavisimosti Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus)

1. Batrakov V.G. Modificirovannie betoni, teoriya i praktika [The modified concrete, the theory and practice]. Moscow: Thehnoproect. 1998. 768 p.
2. Krivitskii M.Ya., Levin N.I., Makarichev V.V. Yacheistye betony (tekhnologiya, svoistva i konstruktsii) [Cellular concrete (technology, properties and structure)]. Moscow: Stroiizdat. 1972. 137 p.
3. Ruzhinsky S.R., Portik A.A., Savinih A.V. Vse o penobetone [In total about foam concrete]. St. Petersburg: ООО «Story Beton». 2006. 630 p.
4. Leonovich S.N. Sviridov D.V., Belanovich A.L., Shchukin G.L., Savenko V.P., Karpushenkov S.A. Prolongation of working life of mortar mixes. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012. No. 10, pp. 74–77. (In Russian).
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This paper is focused on gathering all available information on the application forms of photocatalytic TiO₂ in concretes, especially in the surface layers of precast and monolithic structures. The paper describes in detail the properties of titanium dioxide alone and its special abilities leading to a substantial improvement of the environment through photocatalysis. Further verification methods of photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide and titanium dioxide application in real projects are described.

R. HELA, Professor (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
L. BODN´AROV´A Assoc. prof. (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology of Building Materials and Components (Veveri 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic)

1. Ballari M.M.; Hunger M., Husken G. et al. Heterogeneous photocatalysis applied to concrete pavement for air remediation. Conference «3rd International Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction». Prague, Czech Republic. 2009. Nanotechnology in Construction 3, Proceedings, pp. 409–414.
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9. EN 196–1. Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength. 2005.
10. ISO 22197-1: 2007. Fine ceramics, advanced technical ceramics – Test method for air-purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials – part 1: Removal of nitric oxide. ISO, Geneva, 2007.
11. Prikryl J., Hela R., Holák M. Photocatalytic activity of prefabricated concrete. Conference «10 Concrete Technology». Pardubice. Czech Republic. 2012.

Nanoscale modification of building materials often leads to significant improvement of operational properties. To obtain apparent and stable nanomodification effect for composites with inhomogeneous structure (cement, gypsum and similar matrices) it is necessary to eliminate defects on different spatial levels. It is evident that to increase the effectiveness of nanoscale additives it is necessary to reduce the amount of capillaries and large macropores in material. The necessary preliminary operation is the optimization of structure at micro-scale level. Only after such stage the nanomodification should be performed. The applicability of such approach was examined with the most used binder which is subject to further nanomodification – portland cement, and also with the binder composition, which is the mixture of portland cement optimally matched with the mineral additive based on micro-scale reactive barium hydrosilicates (with diameter d ~ 6 mm) of the composition BaO·SiO₂·6H₂O. The composition of the nanoscale additives with barium hydrosilicates was obtained in dilute solutions by means of low-temperature sol-gel synthesis. It is shown that total porosity of the material significantly changes due to of the decrease in the proportion of macro-scale pores. The variation in pore size distribution is examined and the effect of nanoscale modification on the structural parameters of the pore space is established. Examination of the strength of the obtained artificial stone confirms the assumption that composites which are optimized at all structural levels possess higher properties.

A.N. GRISHINA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
E.V. KOROLEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)

1. Korolev E.V. Principle of realization of nanotechnology in constructional material science. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013. No. 6, pp. 60–64. (In Russian).
2. Korolev E.V. Estimation of nanoscale components concentration for modification of constructional composites. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 6, pp. 31–34. (In Russian).
3. Dvorkin L.I., Dvorkin L.O. Osnovi betonovedeniya [Concrete science]. St. Petersburg. 2006. 690 p.
4. Grishina A.N., Korolev E.V., Satyukov A.B. Radiation-protective composite binder extended with barium hydrosilicates. Advanced Materials Research. 2014. Vol. 1040, pp. 351–355.
5. Grishina A.N., Korolev E.V., Satyukov A.B. Products of reaction between barium chloride and sodium hyrdosilicates: examination of composition. Advanced Materials Research. 2014. Vol. 1040, pp. 347–350.
6. Loganina V.I., Kislitsina S.N., Zhegera K.V. Application of artifical alumina silicates for cement-based tiling glue. Izvestiya visshih uchebnih zavedenii. Stroitel’stvo. 2013. No. 10 (658), pp. 23–27. (In Russian).
7. Grishina A.N., Korolev E.V. Selection of the barium-based dispersed phase for radiation-protective material. Proc. of VIII Intl. Conf. «Theory and practice of effectiveness improvement of construction materials». RF. Penza. 2013, pp. 48–53. (In Russian).
8. Kalashnikov V.I., Erofeev V.T., Moroz M.N., Troyanov I.Yu., Volodin V.M., Suldaltcev O.V. Nanohydrosilicate technologies in production of concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 5, pp. 88–91. (In Russian).
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10. Grishina A.N., Satyukov A.B., Korolev E.V. Early structure forming of the modified cement stone with nanoscale barium hydrosilicates. Nauchnoe obozrenie. 2014. No. 7-1, pp. 134–139. (In Russian).
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The article discusses the prospects and features of application of the nano-fibers from AlOOH and γ, δ-Al₂O₃ in fine concrete. Showed the results experimental studies to determine the properties of fine concretes with the addition of nanofibers in an amount of 3,8 and 13% by weight of the binder. Determined the influence on the properties of fine concrete mixtures by different content of nanofibers. Maximal effect from introducing nanofibers into fine concretes affects on elastic modulus, whose value is increased from 18,3 GPa to 40,9 GPa, depending on the dosage of the additive. Found that the introduction of 8% nanofibers by weight of the binder causes a decrease in strength characteristics due to the increased porosity of the composites, and only entering 13% of the fibers increases the strength characteristics on 25%.

M. R. NURTDINOV, Еngineer
V.G. SOLOVYEV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
A.F. BURYANOV, Doctor of Science es (Engineering)

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (129337, Moscow, 26 Yaroslavskoe sh.)

1. Kienskaya K.I., Kuzovkova A.A., Marchenko I.N. Synthesis and some of the applications hydrosols boehmite. Nauchnye vedomosti. Estestvennye nauki. 2014. No. 3 (174). Issue 26, pp. 123–127. (In Russian).
2. Solovyev V.G., Bur’yanov A.F., Elsuf’eva M.S. Features of the production of steel fibre concrete products and designs. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 3, pp. 18–21. (In Russian).
3. Kochanov D.I. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for engineering: current status and prospects of application. Armaturostroenie. 2011. No. 4 (73), pp. 55–61. (In Russian).
4. Falikman V.R., Sobolev K.G. Plenty of room beyond, or how nanotechnology can change the world of concrete. Nanotekhnologii v stroitel’stve: nauchnyi internet-zhurnal. 2010. No. 6. Vol. 2, pp. 17–31. http://www.nanobuild.ru/ru_RU/journal/Nanobuild_6_2010_RUS.pdf (date of access 24.12.2014). (In Russian).
5. Campillo A. Guerrero J.S., Dolado A., Porro J.A., Ibanez S., Goni. Improvement of initial mechanical strength by nanoalumina in belite cements. Materials Letters. 2007. Vol. 61, pp. 1889–1892.
6. Elsuf’eva M.S., Solovyev V.G., Bur’yanov A.F. The use of expanding additives in steel fiber concrete. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2014. No. 8, pp. 60–63. (In Russian).

The paper studies the influence of polyfunctional admixture based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersion in combination with nanosilica (NS) on the structure and properties of gypsum cement pozzolanic binder (GCPB). The percentage of polyfunctional admixture varied. The results of the physical and mechanical tests have shown that adding polyfunctional admixture at the amount of 0,006% (MWCNT) and 10% of NS-85 from Portland cement to gypsum cement system leads to the increase of compressive strength by 52% and water resistance by 35%. Physical and chemical methods of the study have confirmed that polyfunctional admixture is reactive concerning the original gypsum cement pozzolanic binder changing the intensity and shifts of the absorption lines in the IR spectra.

O.V. IZRYADNOVA, Master of Engineering and Technology in Construction (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
S.V. SYCHUGOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
I.S. POLYANSKIKH, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)
G.N. PERVUSHIN, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)
G.I. YAKOVLEV, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University (7, Studencheskaya Street, Izhevsk, 426000, Russian Federation)

1. Volzhenskii A.V., Stambulko V.I., Ferronskaya A.V. Gipsotsementno-putstsolanovye vyazhushchie, betony i izdeliya [Gypsum cement-pozzolanic binders, concrete and products]. Moscow: Stroiizdat. 1971. 318 p.
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4. Frias M., Rodriguez O., Sanchez de Rojas M.I. Paper sludge, an environmentally sound alternative source of MK-based cementitious materials. A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2015. Vol. 74, pp. 37–48.
5. Hela R., Marsalova J. Possibilities of nanotechnology in concrete. Nanotechnology for environmentally friendly and sustainable construction: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference. Cairo (Egypt). March 14–17, 2010, pp. 8–15. (In Russian).
6. Izryadnova O.V., Gordina A.F., Yakovlev G.I., Fisher Kh.-B. Regulation of crystalline morphology in the structure of gypsum matrix ultra- and nano-dispersed additives. Izvestiya KGASU. 2014. No. 3 (29), pp. 108–113. (In Russian).
7. Brykov A. S., Kamaliev R.T., Mokeev M.V. Influence of ultrafine silica on the hydration of Portland cement. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii. 2010. Vol. 83. No. 2, pp. 211–216. (In Russian).
8. Patent WO2012085445 A1. D’introduction de nanocharges carbonees dans un inorganique durcissable / Gaillard P., Havel M., Korzhenko A., Oreshkin D.V. Pervuchin G.N., Yakovlev G.I. Declared 20.12.1011. Published 28.06.12. Bulletin 12/25.
9. Pudov I.A. Nanomodification Portland cement aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes. Diss ... Cand. (Engineering). Kazan. 2013. 185 p.
10. Izryadnova O.V., Plekhanov T.A., Sychugov S.V., Shayhalislamova A.F., Nureyev L.Z., Hrushkova N.V. Nanodisperse complex influence of additives on the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum cement-pozzolan binder. Collection of scientific works of the International Scientific and Technical Conference «Youth and knowledge – a guarantee of success» Kursk. 2014, pp. 140–143. (In Russian).
11. Izryadnova O.V., Maeva I.S. Influence of nano-dispersed modifiers on the structure of gypsum composite. Proceedings of the Scientific Conference of graduate students, undergraduates and young scientists «Young scientists – to accelerate scientific and technological progress in the XXI century» Izhevsk. 2011, pp. 13–16. (In Russian).
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13. Zinyuk R.Yu., Balykov A.G., Gavrilenko I.B., Shevyakov A.M. Ik-spektroskopiya v neorganicheskoi tekhnologii [IR-spectroscopy inorganic technology]. M.-L.: Khimiya, 1983. 160 p.
14. Gorshkov V.S., Timashev V.V., Savel’ev V.G. Metody fiziko-khimicheskogo analiza vyazhushchikh veshchestv [Methods of physic-chemical analysis of binders]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1981. 197 p.
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16. Naser Gharehbash, Alireza Shakeri. Modification of the surface of silica nanoparticles; studying its structure and thermal properties in order to strengthen it in preparing Nano composites. Journal of American Science. 2013. No. 9 (4), pp. 602–606.