Технологии золь-гель синтеза нанокремнезема как модификатора материалов на основе цемента. Форсайт-анализ

Представлен обзор публикаций по существующим методикам формирования наноразмерных частиц SiO₂ посредством золь-гель технологии, применяемых в качестве модификатора в строительных материалах на основе цемента. Данные методики отличаются вариациями в широких пределах составов реакционных смесей (прекурсоров, растворителей, катализаторов, стабилизаторов и других компонентов), условиями синтеза (температура, давление, очередность введения компонентов, регулирование длительности технологических переделов) и аппаратно-техническим оформлением. Многообразие технологических решений обусловливает существенное отличие готового продукта в виде нанокремнезема (суспензия либо порошок) по размеру частиц, их фракционному составу, моно- или полидисперсности, форме и степени сферичности и морфологии их поверхности, стойкости к внешним воздействиям, агрегативной и седиментационной устойчивости, реакционной способности в среде гидратирующегося цемента и стоимости. Общая схема золь-гель синтеза наночастиц кремнезема представляет собой поэтапное прохождение следующих стадий: гидролиз, поликонденсация, гелеобразование, синерезис и сушка, каждый из которых отличается предопределяющими промежуточный или конечный продукт параметрами. Процессы, протекающие при прохождении последовательных стадий, описаны в отечественных и зарубежных теоретических и экспериментальных работах, как правило, без унификации роли рецептурных (вида и концентрации отдельных компонентов) и аппаратурно-технологических (стадийности, баротермических условий, режима гомогенизации и способа стабилизации) параметров, обусловливающих получение материала с заданным набором физико-химических характеристик, обеспечивающим эффективное использование нанокремнезема в качестве активного компонента цементных вяжущих. Проведенная систематизация, классификация и обобщение современных рецептурно-технологических параметров золь-гель синтеза и исследований механизмов переработки кремнийорганических систем обеспечат формирование новых методологических решений по получению химически активного и агрегативно-устойчивого нанодисперсного диоксида кремния при регулируемых факторах размерности, гомогенности и морфологии твердой фазы с высокой реакционной активностью в условиях гидратирующегося цемента.

В.В. СТРОКОВА, д-р техн. наук (Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.),
В.В. НЕЛЮБОВА, д-р техн. наук (Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.),
Е.О. КУЗЬМИН, инженер (аспирант) (Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.),
И.Г. РЫЛЬЦОВА, канд. техн. наук,
Е.Н. ГУБАРЕВА, канд. техн. наук,
П.С. БАСКАКОВ, канд. техн. наук

Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова (308012, г. Белгород, ул. Костюкова, 46)

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