AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The potential of additive 3D printing technologies in construction is associated with the possibility of creating construction objects of bionic design, which involves a combination of freedom of external form and organized internal space of object structures, in which the mass of material is located only along the lines of active stresses. This can provide a radical reduction in the mass of the material in the volume of the structure, change the principles of design and construction. It is shown that the probability of realizing this potential is associated with the need for new methods of calculation and design, the development of effective technological complexes, and the creation of a new class of building composites for printing. Technological complexes for 3D printing should be characterized by mobility and versatility, and provide robotic printing of all building structures. Materials must be adapted to the technological conditions of printing and operation in thin layered 3D-printed structures, since the parameters of technological complexes and the characteristics of 3D-printed objects depend on their characteristics in the technological and operational cycles. It is shown that at present the lack of design methods, regulatory framework, effective universal technological complexes, sufficient nomenclature of mixtures for printing are among the problems that need to be solved for the practical implementation of the technology. The article presents approaches to solving these problems and a brief summary of the scientific and applied results of the Voronezh State Technical University team in the field of designing mixtures and controlling the properties of building composites for 3D printing.
G.S. SLAVCHEVA, Doctor of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Voronezh Technical University University (84, 20-letiya Oktyabrya Street, 394006, Voronezh, Russian Federation)
1. Tay Y., Panda B., Paul S, Noor M., Tan M. Leong K. 3D printing trends in building and construction industry: a review. Virtual and Physical Prototyping. 2017. No. 12 (3), pp. 261–276. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17452759.2017.1326724
2. Mechtcherine V. at all. Extrusion-based additive manufacturing with cement-based materials – Production steps, processes, and their underlying physics: A review. Cement and Concrete Research. 2020. Vol. 132, pp. 106037. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106037
3. Boss F., Wolfs R., Ahmed Z., Salet T. Additive manufacturing of concrete in construction: potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing. Virtual and Physical Prototyping. 2016. No. 11 (3), pp. 209–225. https://dx.doi.org 10.1080/17452759.2016.1209867
4. Labonette N., Rønnquist A., Manum B., Rüther P., Additive construction: state-ofthe-art, challenges and opportunities. Autom. Constr. 2016. No. 72 (3), pp. 347–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.026
5. Asprone D., Auricchio F., Menna C., Mercuri V. 3D printing of reinforced concrete element: Technology and design approach. Construction and Building materials. 2018. No. 165, pp. 218–231. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.018
6. Hack N. and Lauer W.V. Mesh-mould: robotically fabricated spatial meshes as reinforced concrete formwork. Architectural Design. 2014. No. 84 (3), pp. 44–53.
7. Toutou Z., Roussel N., Lanos, C. The squeezing test: A tool to identify firm cement-based material’s rheological behaviour and evaluate their extrusion ability. Cement and Concrete Research. 2005. No. 35 (10), pp. 1891–1899. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.007
8. Russel N., Lanos C. Plastic Fluid Flow Parameters Identification Using a Simple Squeezing Test. Applied Rheology. 2003. No. 13 (3), pp. 3–5. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1515/arh-2003-0009
9. Perrot A., Rangeard D., Mélinge Y., Estellé P., Lanos C. Extrusion Criterion for Firm Cement – Based Materials. Applied Rheology. 2009. No. 19, pp. 111–127. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.3933/ApplRheol-19-53042
10. Perrot A., Mélinge Y., Estellé P., Lanos, C. Vibro-extrusion: a new forming process for cement-based materials. Advances in Cement Research. 2009. No. 21 (3), pp. 125–133. https://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2008.00030
11. Perrot A., Mélinge Y., Rangeard D., Micaelli F., Estellé P., Lanos C., Estellé P. Use of ram extruder as a combined rheo-tribometer to study the behaviour of high yield stress fluids at low strain rate. Rheologica Acta. Springer Verlag. 2012. No. 51 (8), pp. 743–754. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-012-0638-6
12. Engmann J., Servais C., Burbidge A. S. Squeeze flow theory and applications to rheometry: A review. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics. 2005. No. 132 (1–3), pp. 1–27. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2005.08.007
13. Wolfs R., Boss F., Salet T. Early age mechanical behaviour of 3D printed concrete: Numerical modeling and experimental testing. Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. No. 106, pp. 103–116. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.001
14. Shakor P., Sanjayan J., Nazari A., Nejadi S. Modified 3D printed powder to cement-based material and mechanical properties of cement scaffold used in 3D printing. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. No. 138, pp. 398–409. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.037
15. Wolfs R.J.M., Boss F.P., Salet T.A.M. Hardened properties of 3D printed concrete: The influence of process parameters on interlayer adhesion. Cement and Concrete Research. 2019. Vol. 119, pp. 132–140. (In English) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.02.017
16. Panda B., Lim J.H., Tan M.J. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour of early age concrete in the context of digital construction. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019. Vol. 165, pp. 563–571. (In English) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.040
17. Buswella R.A. at all. 3D printing using concrete extrusion: A roadmap for research. Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. Vol. 112, pp. 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.006
18. Ma S., Qian Y., Kawashima S. Experimental and modeling study on the non-linear structural build-up of fresh cement pastes incorporating viscosity modifying admixtures. Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. No. 108, pp. 1–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.022
19. Feng P., Menga X., Chenb J., Yea L. Mechanical properties of structures 3D printed with cementitious powders. Construction and Building Materials. 2015. No. 93, pp. 486–497. dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.132
20. Paul S.C., Tay Y.W.D., Panda B., Tan M.J. Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 2018. No. 18 (1), pp. 311–319. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.acme.2017.02.008
21. Ngo T.D. Kashani A., Imbalzano G., Nguyen K., Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Composites Part B: Engineering. Vol. 143. 103 p. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012
22. Malaeb Z., Hachem H., Tourbah A., et al. 3D Concrete Printing: Machine and Mix Design. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 2015. Vol. 6 (4), pp. 14–22.
23. Kazemian A. Yuan X., Cochran E., Khoshnevis B. Cementitious materials for construction-scale 3D printing: Laboratory testing of fresh printing mixture. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. Vol. 145, pp. 639–647. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.015
24. Le T.T., Austin S.A., Lim S., Buswell R.A., Gibb A.G.F., Thorpe T. Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete. Materials and Structures. 2012. No. 45 (8), pp. 1221–1232. https://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9828-z
25. Славчева Г.С., Артамонова О.В. Реологическое поведение дисперсных систем для строительной 3D-печати: проблема управления на основе возможностей арсенала «нано» // Нанотехнологии в строительстве: научный интернет-журнал. 2018. Т. 10. № 3. С. 107–122. https:// dx.doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2018-10-3-107-122
25. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. The rheological behavior of disperse systems for 3D printing in constrcution: the problem of control and possibility of «nano» tools application. Nanotehnologii v stroitel’stve. 2018. Vol. 10. No. 3, pp. 107–122. (In Russian). https:// dx.doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2018-10-3-107-122
26. Славчева Г.С., Артамонова О.В. Управление реологическим поведением смесей для строительной 3D-печати: экспериментальная оценка возможностей арсенала «нано» // Нанотехнологии в строительстве: научный интернет-журнал. 2019. Т. 11. № 3. С. 325–334. (In Russian). https:// 10.15828/2075-8545-2019-11-3-325-334
26. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. The control of rheological behaviour for 3D-printable building mixtures: experimental evaluation of «nano» tools prospects. Nanotehnologii v stroitel’stve. 2019, Vol. 11. No. 3, pp. 325–334. (In Russian). https://10.15828/2075-8545-2019-11-3-325-334
27. Славчева Г.С., Шведова М.А., Бабенко Д.С. Анализ и критериальная оценка реологического поведения смесей для строительной 3D-печати // Строительные материалы. 2018. № 12. С. 34–40. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-766-12-34-40
27. Slavcheva G.S., Shvedova M.A., Babenko D.S. Analysis and criteria assessment of rheological behavior of mixes for construction 3-D printing. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 12, pp. 34–40. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-766-12-34-40
28. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. Rheological behavior of 3D printable cement paste: criterial evaluation. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2018, No. 08 (84). https://doi: 10.18720/MCE.84.10.
29. Славчева Г.С., Бритвина Е.А., Ибряева А.И. Строительная 3D-печать: оперативный метод контроля реологических характеристик смесей // Вестник инженерной школы ДВФУ. Строительст-во. 2019. № 4 (41). С. 134–143. http://www.dx.doi.org/10.24866/2227-6858/2019-4-14
29. Slavcheva G., Britvina E., Ibryaeva A. 3D-build printing: the operational method for verifying the cement mixture properties / FEFU: School of Engineering Bulletin. 2019. No. 4 (41), pp. 134–143. (In Russian). http://www.dx.doi.org/10.24866/2227-6858/2019-4-14
30. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. Rheological Behavior and Mix Design for 3d Printable Cement Paste. Key Engineering Materials. Modern Materials and Manufacturing. 2019. Vol. 799, pp. 282–287. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.799.282
31. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V., Shvedova M.A. Effect of viscosity modifiers on structure formation in cement systems for construction 3D printing. Inorganic Materials. 2021. Vol. 57, pp. 94–100. http://www.10.1134/S0020168521010143
32. Slavcheva G. S., Artamonova O.V., Babenko D.S., Ibryaeva A.I. Effect of limestone filler dosage and granulometry on the 3D printable mixture rheology IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. V International Conference Safety Problems of Civil Engineering Critical Infrastructures. 2020. Vol. 972. 012042. http://www.10.1088/1757-899X/972/1/012042
33. Славчева Г.С., Акулова И.И., Вернигора И.В. Концепция и эффективность применения 3D-печати для дизайна городской среды // Жилищ-ное строительство. 2020. № 3. С. 49–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-3-49-55
33. Slavcheva G.S., Akulova I.I., Vernigora I.V. Concept and effectiveness of 3D printing for urban environment design. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 3, pp. 49–55. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-3-49-55
2. Mechtcherine V. at all. Extrusion-based additive manufacturing with cement-based materials – Production steps, processes, and their underlying physics: A review. Cement and Concrete Research. 2020. Vol. 132, pp. 106037. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106037
3. Boss F., Wolfs R., Ahmed Z., Salet T. Additive manufacturing of concrete in construction: potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing. Virtual and Physical Prototyping. 2016. No. 11 (3), pp. 209–225. https://dx.doi.org 10.1080/17452759.2016.1209867
4. Labonette N., Rønnquist A., Manum B., Rüther P., Additive construction: state-ofthe-art, challenges and opportunities. Autom. Constr. 2016. No. 72 (3), pp. 347–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.026
5. Asprone D., Auricchio F., Menna C., Mercuri V. 3D printing of reinforced concrete element: Technology and design approach. Construction and Building materials. 2018. No. 165, pp. 218–231. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.018
6. Hack N. and Lauer W.V. Mesh-mould: robotically fabricated spatial meshes as reinforced concrete formwork. Architectural Design. 2014. No. 84 (3), pp. 44–53.
7. Toutou Z., Roussel N., Lanos, C. The squeezing test: A tool to identify firm cement-based material’s rheological behaviour and evaluate their extrusion ability. Cement and Concrete Research. 2005. No. 35 (10), pp. 1891–1899. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.007
8. Russel N., Lanos C. Plastic Fluid Flow Parameters Identification Using a Simple Squeezing Test. Applied Rheology. 2003. No. 13 (3), pp. 3–5. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1515/arh-2003-0009
9. Perrot A., Rangeard D., Mélinge Y., Estellé P., Lanos C. Extrusion Criterion for Firm Cement – Based Materials. Applied Rheology. 2009. No. 19, pp. 111–127. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.3933/ApplRheol-19-53042
10. Perrot A., Mélinge Y., Estellé P., Lanos, C. Vibro-extrusion: a new forming process for cement-based materials. Advances in Cement Research. 2009. No. 21 (3), pp. 125–133. https://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2008.00030
11. Perrot A., Mélinge Y., Rangeard D., Micaelli F., Estellé P., Lanos C., Estellé P. Use of ram extruder as a combined rheo-tribometer to study the behaviour of high yield stress fluids at low strain rate. Rheologica Acta. Springer Verlag. 2012. No. 51 (8), pp. 743–754. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-012-0638-6
12. Engmann J., Servais C., Burbidge A. S. Squeeze flow theory and applications to rheometry: A review. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics. 2005. No. 132 (1–3), pp. 1–27. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2005.08.007
13. Wolfs R., Boss F., Salet T. Early age mechanical behaviour of 3D printed concrete: Numerical modeling and experimental testing. Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. No. 106, pp. 103–116. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.001
14. Shakor P., Sanjayan J., Nazari A., Nejadi S. Modified 3D printed powder to cement-based material and mechanical properties of cement scaffold used in 3D printing. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. No. 138, pp. 398–409. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.037
15. Wolfs R.J.M., Boss F.P., Salet T.A.M. Hardened properties of 3D printed concrete: The influence of process parameters on interlayer adhesion. Cement and Concrete Research. 2019. Vol. 119, pp. 132–140. (In English) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.02.017
16. Panda B., Lim J.H., Tan M.J. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour of early age concrete in the context of digital construction. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019. Vol. 165, pp. 563–571. (In English) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.040
17. Buswella R.A. at all. 3D printing using concrete extrusion: A roadmap for research. Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. Vol. 112, pp. 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.006
18. Ma S., Qian Y., Kawashima S. Experimental and modeling study on the non-linear structural build-up of fresh cement pastes incorporating viscosity modifying admixtures. Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. No. 108, pp. 1–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.022
19. Feng P., Menga X., Chenb J., Yea L. Mechanical properties of structures 3D printed with cementitious powders. Construction and Building Materials. 2015. No. 93, pp. 486–497. dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.132
20. Paul S.C., Tay Y.W.D., Panda B., Tan M.J. Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 2018. No. 18 (1), pp. 311–319. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.acme.2017.02.008
21. Ngo T.D. Kashani A., Imbalzano G., Nguyen K., Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Composites Part B: Engineering. Vol. 143. 103 p. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012
22. Malaeb Z., Hachem H., Tourbah A., et al. 3D Concrete Printing: Machine and Mix Design. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 2015. Vol. 6 (4), pp. 14–22.
23. Kazemian A. Yuan X., Cochran E., Khoshnevis B. Cementitious materials for construction-scale 3D printing: Laboratory testing of fresh printing mixture. Construction and Building Materials. 2017. Vol. 145, pp. 639–647. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.015
24. Le T.T., Austin S.A., Lim S., Buswell R.A., Gibb A.G.F., Thorpe T. Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete. Materials and Structures. 2012. No. 45 (8), pp. 1221–1232. https://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9828-z
25. Славчева Г.С., Артамонова О.В. Реологическое поведение дисперсных систем для строительной 3D-печати: проблема управления на основе возможностей арсенала «нано» // Нанотехнологии в строительстве: научный интернет-журнал. 2018. Т. 10. № 3. С. 107–122. https:// dx.doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2018-10-3-107-122
25. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. The rheological behavior of disperse systems for 3D printing in constrcution: the problem of control and possibility of «nano» tools application. Nanotehnologii v stroitel’stve. 2018. Vol. 10. No. 3, pp. 107–122. (In Russian). https:// dx.doi.org/10.15828/2075-8545-2018-10-3-107-122
26. Славчева Г.С., Артамонова О.В. Управление реологическим поведением смесей для строительной 3D-печати: экспериментальная оценка возможностей арсенала «нано» // Нанотехнологии в строительстве: научный интернет-журнал. 2019. Т. 11. № 3. С. 325–334. (In Russian). https:// 10.15828/2075-8545-2019-11-3-325-334
26. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. The control of rheological behaviour for 3D-printable building mixtures: experimental evaluation of «nano» tools prospects. Nanotehnologii v stroitel’stve. 2019, Vol. 11. No. 3, pp. 325–334. (In Russian). https://10.15828/2075-8545-2019-11-3-325-334
27. Славчева Г.С., Шведова М.А., Бабенко Д.С. Анализ и критериальная оценка реологического поведения смесей для строительной 3D-печати // Строительные материалы. 2018. № 12. С. 34–40. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-766-12-34-40
27. Slavcheva G.S., Shvedova M.A., Babenko D.S. Analysis and criteria assessment of rheological behavior of mixes for construction 3-D printing. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 12, pp. 34–40. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-766-12-34-40
28. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. Rheological behavior of 3D printable cement paste: criterial evaluation. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2018, No. 08 (84). https://doi: 10.18720/MCE.84.10.
29. Славчева Г.С., Бритвина Е.А., Ибряева А.И. Строительная 3D-печать: оперативный метод контроля реологических характеристик смесей // Вестник инженерной школы ДВФУ. Строительст-во. 2019. № 4 (41). С. 134–143. http://www.dx.doi.org/10.24866/2227-6858/2019-4-14
29. Slavcheva G., Britvina E., Ibryaeva A. 3D-build printing: the operational method for verifying the cement mixture properties / FEFU: School of Engineering Bulletin. 2019. No. 4 (41), pp. 134–143. (In Russian). http://www.dx.doi.org/10.24866/2227-6858/2019-4-14
30. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V. Rheological Behavior and Mix Design for 3d Printable Cement Paste. Key Engineering Materials. Modern Materials and Manufacturing. 2019. Vol. 799, pp. 282–287. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.799.282
31. Slavcheva G.S., Artamonova O.V., Shvedova M.A. Effect of viscosity modifiers on structure formation in cement systems for construction 3D printing. Inorganic Materials. 2021. Vol. 57, pp. 94–100. http://www.10.1134/S0020168521010143
32. Slavcheva G. S., Artamonova O.V., Babenko D.S., Ibryaeva A.I. Effect of limestone filler dosage and granulometry on the 3D printable mixture rheology IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. V International Conference Safety Problems of Civil Engineering Critical Infrastructures. 2020. Vol. 972. 012042. http://www.10.1088/1757-899X/972/1/012042
33. Славчева Г.С., Акулова И.И., Вернигора И.В. Концепция и эффективность применения 3D-печати для дизайна городской среды // Жилищ-ное строительство. 2020. № 3. С. 49–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-3-49-55
33. Slavcheva G.S., Akulova I.I., Vernigora I.V. Concept and effectiveness of 3D printing for urban environment design. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2020. No. 3, pp. 49–55. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-3-49-55
For citation: Slavcheva G.S. 3D-build printing today: potential, challenges and prospects for implementation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 5, pp. 28–36. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-791-5-28-36