The Use of Galvanic Sludge as Additives in Building Materials

The paper highlights the current situation in Russia with galvanic sludge – waste of hazard class I. They represent the greatest danger in that their leakage inevitably leads to irreparable damage in the biosphere, which requires total monitoring of the formation and movement of galvanic sludge. The authors reviewed the developed domestic and foreign technologies for the use of galvanic sludge. Most researchers propose to extract metals from galvanic sludge. The method of processing galvanic sludges, which consists in mixing them with pyrocatechin for 48 hours and separating the precipitate by filtration, in which pyrocatechin metal complexes are formed, is technologically simple, but pyrocatechin is an expensive and scarce substance, the use of pyrocatechin complexes is problematic. Most modern techniques usually include high-temperature (1000°C and above) processing of galvanic sludge. The use of the technologies for processing galvanic sludge proposed today is limited by their high cost, complexity and high environmental hazard. The authors propose methods for the disposal of galvanic sludge in cement mixtures, asphalt concrete, ceramics and other building materials under the following conditions: exclusion of the formation of new waste, reducing the cost of capital construction and equipment, exclusion of the possibility of leaching of non-ferrous metal ions from the obtained materials and products under the influence of acid rain and other possible causes.

V.A. VOYTOVICH, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.),
I.N. KHRYAPCHENKOVA, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (65, Ilyinskaya Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation)

1. Federal project «Infrastruсture for the waste management of the first and second hazard classes». https://vyvoz.org/blog/federalnyy-proekt-infrastruktura-dlya-obrashcheniya-s-othodami-1-2-klassov-opasnosti/ (Date of access 25.01.22). (In Russian).
2. Stojković A., Stanisavljević M., Krstić N., Đorđević D., Miltojević A., Krstić I. Inactivation of toxic metals from waste galvanic sludge by other hazardous waste. Safety Engineering. 2020. No. 1, pp. 123–129. DOI: http://doi.org: 10.5937/SE200103S
3. Patent RF 2235795. Sposob pererabotki galvanoshla-mov [Method of galvanic sludge treatment]. Belyaev I.V., Fomin A.I., Lonsky V.B. Declared 25.12.2002. Publi-shed 10.09.2004. Bulletin No. 2. (In Russian).
4. Patent RF 2535110. Sposob pererabotki mednogo galvanoshlama [Method of the copper galvanic sludge treatment]. Gostishev V.V., Ree Hossen, Komkov V.I. Declared 05.07.2013. Published 12.10.2014. Bulletin No. 1. (In Russian).
5. Patent RF 2572680. Sposob pererabotki galvanicheskich shlamov [Method of galvanic sludge treatment]. Klimov E.S., Buzaeva M.V., Zavalzeva O.A. and others. [Method of galvanic sludge treatment]. Declared 20.03.2014. Published 20.01.2016. Bulletin No. 2. (In Russian).
6. Patent RF 2690797. Sposob utilisazii galvanoshlama [Method of galvanic sludge treatment]. Makarov V.M., Kalaeva S.Z., Dubov A.Y. Declared 09.07.2018. Published 05.06.2019. Bulletin No. 1. (In Russian).
7. Muhamedov K.G., Nasirova N.K. Stadying the possibility of application of water treatment sludges from galvanizing productions in the production of building composite materials. Universum: Tehnicheskie nauki. 2020. No. 12–4 (81), pp. 5–9. DOI: http://doi.org/10.32743/UniTech.2020.81.12-4.5-9
8. Pérez-Villarejo L., Martínez-Martínez S., Carrasco-Hurtado B., Eliche-Quesada D., Ureña-Nieto C., Sánchez-Soto P.J. Valorization and inertization of galvanic sludge waste in clay bricks. Applied Clay Science. 2015. Vol. 105–106, pp 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.022
9. Patent RF 968046. Asfaltobetonnaya smes’ [Asphalt concrete mixture]. Borodkin A.S., Vinogradov M.A., Naidenko V.V. Declared 10.02.1982. Pablished 21.12.1982. Bulletin No. 1. (In Russian).
10. Levitsky I.A., Pavlukevich Y.G. Application of galvanic sludge for ceramic bricks production. Steklo I keramika. 2013. No. 3, pp. 7–13. (In Russian).
11. Bogdan E.O., Levitsky I.A. About possibility of using galvanic waste in the construction ceramics production. Stroitelnaya nauka i tehnika. Minsk. 2009. No. 3, pp. 17–21.
12. Voitovich V.A., Khriapchenkova I.N. Galvanic sludge: reprocessing or using? Vse materialy. Enziklopedicheskyi spravochnik. 2019. No. 5, pp. 41–44. DOI: http:// doi.org/ 10.31044/1994-6260-2019-0-5-41-44
13. Urkhanova L.A., Berezovsky P.V., Arkhincheeva N.V. Modification of cement stone with microadditives of inorganic salts. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 1–2, pp. 22–29. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-788-1-2-22-29