AbstractAbout AuthorsReferences
The use of multi-component enclosing structures in modern construction poses a new task of studying the mutual influence of all their constituent materials on the durability of the structure as a whole. Brick masonry is the oldest and the most typical representative of multi-component enclosing structures. The article deals with the main process of chemical corrosion of materials based on the destruction of the brick material under the influence of calcium hydroxide penetrating into the brick from the cement-sand mortar, where it is formed in the process of dehydration of silicates and calcium aluminosilicates (leaching reaction). The secondary processes of the first type running with account of the presence of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals in the brick material are considered. The possibility of reactions taking part in the process of chemical corrosion of brickwork is substantiated on the basis of the methods of chemical thermodynamics. On the basis of these calculations, conclusions are made about the priority of those or other reactions involved in the process. The results of instrumental studies, including studies of phase and elemental compositions, differential scanning calorimetry, microscopic analysis, are presented. The results of the research proposed by the author with the use of the method of determination of active ions are considered. The method of calculation of durability of a design by the strength parameter with due regard for the course of processes of chemical and polythermal destructions is offered. Thermodynamic calculations, studies of the kinetics of the process, methods for experiments conducting will be presented in the following articles.
D.Yu. ZHELDAKOV, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Research Institute of Building Physics of RAACS (21 Lokomotivny proezd, 127238, Moscow, Russian Federation)
1. Zheldakov D.Yu. Chemical corrosion of a bricklaying. Problem definition // Stroitel’nye materialy. [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 6, pp. 29–32. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-760-6-29-32
2. Belelyubskii N.A. Odnoobraznoe ispytanie stroitel’nykh materialov [Monotonous test of construction materials]: Myunkhen, 1884. Drezden 1887. Saint Petersburg: tip. Ministerstva putey soobshcheniya (A. Benke). 1888.
3. Salakhov A.M., Morozov V.P., Bogdanovskii A.L., Tagirov L.R. Optimization of production of a brick from clay of the Vlasovo-Timoninsky field. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 4, pp. 16–21. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2016-736-4-16-21.
4. Salakhov A.M., Tagirov L.R. Structurization of ceramics from the clays forming various mineral phases when roasting. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 8, pp. 68–74. (In Russian).
5. Salakhov A.M., Morozov V.P., Naimark D.V., Eskin A.A. Optimization of the mode of roasting of a front brick of light tones at the JSC Kerma plant. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 8, pp. 32–37 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2016-740-8-32-37.
6. Kislyakov K.A., Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N. Properties of cement composition with application of fight of a ceramic brick and microsilicon dioxide // Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 14–18. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-14-18.
7. Müller A., Recycling of masonry rubble – Status and new utilization methods (Part 2). Fachtagung Recycling. 2003, pp. 42–46.
8. Robayo R.A., Mulford A., Munera J., Gutiérrez R.M.de. Alternative cements based on alkali-activated red clay brick waste. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. Vol. 128, pp. 163–169.
9. Sassoni E., Pahlavan P., Franzoni E., Bignozzi M.C. Valorization of brick waste by alkali-activation: A study on the possible use for masonry repointing. Ceramics International. 2016. Vol. 42, pp. 14685–14694.
10. Moskvin V.M., Ivanov F.M., Alekseev S.N., Guzeev E.A. Korroziya betona i zhelezobetona, metody ikh zashchity [Corrosion of concrete and reinforced concrete, methods of their protection]. Moscow: Stroiizdat. 1980. 536 p.
11. Vernigorova V.N., Sadenko S.M. About not stationarity of the physical and chemical processes proceeding in concrete mix. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 86-89 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-86-89
12. Rozental’ N.K., Stepanova V.F., Chekhnii G.V. About the most admissible content of chlorides in concrete. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 82–85 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-82-85
13. Rassulov V.V., Platova R.A., Platov Yu.T. Quality control of a metakaolin by a spectroscopy method in near infrared area of a range. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 5, pp. 53–56 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-759-5-53-56
14. Guatame-Garcia L.А., Buxton М. Visible and infrared reflectance spectroscopy for characterization of iron impurities in calcined kaolin clays. Proceeding of the 2nd International conference on optical characterization of materials. Karlsruhe. 2015, pp. 215–226.
15. Lamberov A.A., Sitnikova E.Yu., Abdulganeeva A.Sh. Influence of structure and structure of kaolinic clays on conditions of transition of kaolinite to metakaolinite. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2011. No. 7, pp. 17–23 (In Russian).
16. Yampurov M.L., Lainer Yu.A., Vetchinkina T.N., Rozhkov D.Yu. Researches of dehydration of kaolinic clays and the mechanism of dissolution of metakaolinite in sulfuric acid. Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2007. Vol. 8. No. 1, pp. 28–33. (In Russian).
17. Bessonov I.V., Baranov V.S., Baranov V.V., Knyazeva V.P., El’chishcheva T.F. The reasons of emergence and ways of elimination of vysol on brick walls of buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 7, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).
18. Babkov V.V., Gabitov A.I., Chuikin A.E., Mokhov A.V. i dr. Vysoloobrazovaniye on surfaces of external walls of buildings. Stroitel’nye Materialy. [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 3, pp. 47–49. (In Russian).
19. Gur’eva V.A., Doroshin A.V., Dubinetskii V.V. Research of influence of the modifying additives on frost resistance and properties of ceramics. Stroitel’nye Materialy. [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 52–57 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-52-56.
20. Sidel’nikova M.B., Pogrebenkov V.M. Keramicheskie pigmenty na osnove prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo mineral’nogo syr’ya [Ceramic pigments on the basis of natural and technogenic mineral raw materials]. Tomsk: Tomskij politekhnicheskij universitet. 2014. 262 p.
21. Zhuze T.P. Rol’ szhatykh gazov kak rastvoritelei [Role of the compressed gases as solvents.]. Moscow: Nedra. 1981. 165 p.
22. Zheldakov D.Yu., Gagarin V.G. Terminology and general theory of forecasting of extreme durability of designs. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2017. No. 2 (368), pp. 114–118 (In Russian).
23. Zheldakov D.Yu. The prediction of the critical durability of the external walls. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 247–252. (In Russian).
2. Belelyubskii N.A. Odnoobraznoe ispytanie stroitel’nykh materialov [Monotonous test of construction materials]: Myunkhen, 1884. Drezden 1887. Saint Petersburg: tip. Ministerstva putey soobshcheniya (A. Benke). 1888.
3. Salakhov A.M., Morozov V.P., Bogdanovskii A.L., Tagirov L.R. Optimization of production of a brick from clay of the Vlasovo-Timoninsky field. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 4, pp. 16–21. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2016-736-4-16-21.
4. Salakhov A.M., Tagirov L.R. Structurization of ceramics from the clays forming various mineral phases when roasting. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2015. No. 8, pp. 68–74. (In Russian).
5. Salakhov A.M., Morozov V.P., Naimark D.V., Eskin A.A. Optimization of the mode of roasting of a front brick of light tones at the JSC Kerma plant. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2016. No. 8, pp. 32–37 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2016-740-8-32-37.
6. Kislyakov K.A., Yakovlev G.I., Pervushin G.N. Properties of cement composition with application of fight of a ceramic brick and microsilicon dioxide // Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 14–18. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-14-18.
7. Müller A., Recycling of masonry rubble – Status and new utilization methods (Part 2). Fachtagung Recycling. 2003, pp. 42–46.
8. Robayo R.A., Mulford A., Munera J., Gutiérrez R.M.de. Alternative cements based on alkali-activated red clay brick waste. Construction and Building Materials. 2016. Vol. 128, pp. 163–169.
9. Sassoni E., Pahlavan P., Franzoni E., Bignozzi M.C. Valorization of brick waste by alkali-activation: A study on the possible use for masonry repointing. Ceramics International. 2016. Vol. 42, pp. 14685–14694.
10. Moskvin V.M., Ivanov F.M., Alekseev S.N., Guzeev E.A. Korroziya betona i zhelezobetona, metody ikh zashchity [Corrosion of concrete and reinforced concrete, methods of their protection]. Moscow: Stroiizdat. 1980. 536 p.
11. Vernigorova V.N., Sadenko S.M. About not stationarity of the physical and chemical processes proceeding in concrete mix. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 86-89 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-86-89
12. Rozental’ N.K., Stepanova V.F., Chekhnii G.V. About the most admissible content of chlorides in concrete. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2017. No. 1–2, pp. 82–85 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2017-745-1-2-82-85
13. Rassulov V.V., Platova R.A., Platov Yu.T. Quality control of a metakaolin by a spectroscopy method in near infrared area of a range. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 5, pp. 53–56 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-759-5-53-56
14. Guatame-Garcia L.А., Buxton М. Visible and infrared reflectance spectroscopy for characterization of iron impurities in calcined kaolin clays. Proceeding of the 2nd International conference on optical characterization of materials. Karlsruhe. 2015, pp. 215–226.
15. Lamberov A.A., Sitnikova E.Yu., Abdulganeeva A.Sh. Influence of structure and structure of kaolinic clays on conditions of transition of kaolinite to metakaolinite. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2011. No. 7, pp. 17–23 (In Russian).
16. Yampurov M.L., Lainer Yu.A., Vetchinkina T.N., Rozhkov D.Yu. Researches of dehydration of kaolinic clays and the mechanism of dissolution of metakaolinite in sulfuric acid. Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2007. Vol. 8. No. 1, pp. 28–33. (In Russian).
17. Bessonov I.V., Baranov V.S., Baranov V.V., Knyazeva V.P., El’chishcheva T.F. The reasons of emergence and ways of elimination of vysol on brick walls of buildings. Zhilishchnoe Stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2014. No. 7, pp. 39–43. (In Russian).
18. Babkov V.V., Gabitov A.I., Chuikin A.E., Mokhov A.V. i dr. Vysoloobrazovaniye on surfaces of external walls of buildings. Stroitel’nye Materialy. [Construction Materials]. 2008. No. 3, pp. 47–49. (In Russian).
19. Gur’eva V.A., Doroshin A.V., Dubinetskii V.V. Research of influence of the modifying additives on frost resistance and properties of ceramics. Stroitel’nye Materialy. [Construction Materials]. 2018. No. 8, pp. 52–57 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2018-762-8-52-56.
20. Sidel’nikova M.B., Pogrebenkov V.M. Keramicheskie pigmenty na osnove prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo mineral’nogo syr’ya [Ceramic pigments on the basis of natural and technogenic mineral raw materials]. Tomsk: Tomskij politekhnicheskij universitet. 2014. 262 p.
21. Zhuze T.P. Rol’ szhatykh gazov kak rastvoritelei [Role of the compressed gases as solvents.]. Moscow: Nedra. 1981. 165 p.
22. Zheldakov D.Yu., Gagarin V.G. Terminology and general theory of forecasting of extreme durability of designs. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2017. No. 2 (368), pp. 114–118 (In Russian).
23. Zheldakov D.Yu. The prediction of the critical durability of the external walls. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Tekhnologiya tekstil’noi promyshlennosti. 2018. No. 3 (375), pp. 247–252. (In Russian).
For citation: Zheldakov D.Yu. Chemical corrosion of brick masonry. Process running. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2019. No. 4, pp. 36–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2019-769-4-36-43 (In Russian).